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Magnetically targeted deposition and retention of particles in the airways for drug deliveryAlly, Javed Maqsud Unknown Date
No description available.
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Colonization of the Intestinal Mucus Layer by Campylobacter jejuniStahl, Martin 14 May 2012 (has links)
Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the developed world; however, many aspects of its biology remain poorly understood, including its colonization of the mucus layer lining the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, we utilized microarray transposon tracking to compile a list of 195 genes essential for the growth of C. jejuni in vitro under microaerophilic conditions. Then we characterized C. jejuni growing in an extracted intestinal mucus medium. We found that C. jejuni will grow efficiently in a medium comprised of either chick and piglet intestinal mucus, and that these media have a dramatic impact on its transcriptome. Within the genes identified as differentially expressed during growth in a mucus medium, we identified a single operon, (cj0481-cj0490), which we have subsequently characterized as being responsible for both the uptake and metabolism of L-fucose. This represents the first observation of carbohydrate metabolism by the otherwise asaccharolytic C. jejuni. We further found that the inability to utilize L-fucose puts C. jejuni at a competitive disadvantage when colonizing the piglet intestine, but not the chick cecum. Finally, we examined C. jejuni’s ability to utilize mucins as a carbon source while growing within the mucus layer. We found that despite mucins being a major source of L-fucose and amino acids within the intestine, C. jejuni has a minimal ability to degrade and utilize mucins on its own. However, close proximity to mucolytic bacteria within the microbiota of the intestine, allows for increased C. jejuni growth. Together, this paints the picture of an organism that is well adapted to survival within the mucus lining of the intestine and establishing itself as part of the intestinal microbiota.
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Exercise in cystic fibrosisDwyer, Tiffany Jane January 2010 (has links)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / Exercise and physical activity have many benefits for adults with cystic fibrosis (CF), including the potential to aid mucus clearance, improve lung function, exercise capacity and quality of life. Despite the recommendations from consensus documents for CF adults to engage in regular physical activity, exercise participation amongst this population is often very low. No in-depth study has been undertaken to explore the determinants of exercise participation for this group and no studies have examined the benefits of habitual physical activity on the health status and quality of life of CF adults. As well, the current methods to quantify physical activity are problematic. The series of studies, involving CF adults, in this thesis was therefore undertaken in order to examine the physiological rationale for the use of exercise as an airway clearance technique, to understand the decision making process to engage in exercise, to determine if health status and quality of life were affected by exercise participation, and to establish the accuracy of a recently-developed objective measure of physical activity. The study in Chapter 2 provided some physiological rationale for choosing treadmill exercise to aid airway clearance in CF. The main findings were that a single bout of moderate intensity exercise increased the subjective ease of expectoration, most likely due to the increased ventilation with exercise, and that sputum viscoelasticity was favourably decreased immediately following treadmill exercise compared to cycle exercise and control. The studies in Chapters 3 and 4 identified the main beliefs regarding exercise for CF adults and highlighted that the main predictors of exercise intention and participation for this group were aspects of perceived and actual control to exercise, namely self-efficacy or confidence to exercise, feeling healthy, receiving encouragement to exercise, and rating exercise as a high priority treatment. Positive ratings of these aspects of control either increased exercise participation directly, indirectly by increasing intention, or strengthened the conversion of exercise intention to participation. Strategies aimed at targeting these aspects of control are therefore likely to be effective in increasing exercise participation for CF adults. The study in Chapter 5 demonstrated that CF adults, who reportedly performed at least 90 minutes of moderate to strenuous exercise per week, had significantly higher quality of life and fewer days in hospital over the following year than their peers, who exercised less. The difference in hospitalisation between the CF adults, who reportedly exercised more than 90 minutes per week and those who did not, was independent of baseline lung function, and the females who reportedly performed less than 90 minutes of exercise per week had three times as many days in hospital than their high-activity peers. The study in Chapter 6 showed that the SenseWear Pro3 Armband activity monitor provided a reasonable estimate of energy expenditure and step count. Also, its accuracy was not affected by diagnosis with CF, despite the potential for the high salt content in the sweat to interfere with the device’s physiological sensors placed on the skin. Overall, this series of studies adds to the growing evidence of the physical and psychological benefits from exercise participation for CF adults, as well as providing some empirical evidence upon which to base strategies to improve exercise participation for this group and support for an objective measure of physical activity.
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Molecular mechanisms of mucus hypersecretion in chronic airway obstructive diseasesDamera, Gautam V. January 2006 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oklahoma. / Bibliography: leaves 116-150.
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Dissociation of hexavalent chromium from sanded paint particles into a simulated lung fluid /Lange, Steven Harold January 2006 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (M.S.P.H.)--Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 2006 / Typescript (photocopy)
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Estudo comparativo entre os Enantiômeros da Carvona em Modelos de Inflamação Aguda e de Hipersensibilidade ImediataOliveira, Juliana da Silva Brandi 28 February 2011 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2011-02-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Enantiomers are asymmetric compounds that present mirror images of each other, not overlapping and different behaviors in chiral environments, resulting in esterioseletiva discrimination and different biological effects. The carvone is a monoterpene, a constituent of many essential oils found in nature as two enantiomers, (S)-(+)-carvone and (R)-(−)-carvone. The inflammation, a physiological response of the organism, when it occurs exaggerated or inappropriated ways may promote tissue damage and associated pathologies. An example of inflammatory disease is asthma, an immediate hypersensitivity process of the airways and the conventional treatments have significant adverse effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the carvone enantiomers in experimental models of inflammation and hypersensitivity of the airways. To investigate the effect anti-inflammatory the following parameters were evaluated: NO production by cells J774.A1, paw oedema formation induced by carrageenan, zymosan, compound 48/80 and histamine, cell migration and cytokines production (TNF-α and IL-1β) in the experimental model of peritonitis induced by zymosan in Swiss mice. To evaluate the anti-asthmatic activity of these enantiomers, it was used the experimental model of asthma induced by ovalbumin and the following parameters were analyzed: bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), mucus production, OVA-specific IgE synthesis, cytokine production (IL-13, IFN-γ and IL-10). The results showed that both enantiomers were able to reduce NO production, inhibit the paw oedema induced by phlogistic agents and inhibit cell migration to the peritoneum, but only the (R)-(−)-carvone was able to reduce levels of TNF-α. In the murine model of asthma, the (R)-(−)-carvone, was able to reduce the cellularity of the BAL, modulate the OVA-specific IgE production, reduce the cell infiltration and mucus in the lungs and further increase the IL-10. However, although the (S)-(+)-carvone has reduced the BAL cellularity and increased IFN-γ levels, it was unable to reduce the cell infiltration in the lung and increase the mucus production. Therefore, both enantiomers of carvone showed anti-inflammatory effect, although only the (R)-(−)-carvone showned potential anti-asthmatic. Additionally, the results presented by (S)-(+)-carvone, revealed a potential adverse effect of this enantiomer in the experimental model of asthma. / Enantiômeros são compostos assimétricos que apresentam a particularidade de serem imagens especulares um do outro, não sobreponíveis e por terem comportamentos diferentes em ambientes quirais, resultando frequentemente na discriminação esterioseletiva e diferentes efeitos biológicos. A carvona é um monoterpeno, constituinte de muitos óleos essenciais e encontrada na natureza na forma de dois enantiômeros: (S)-(+)-carvona e (R)-(-)-carvona. A inflamação uma resposta fisiológica do organismo, quando ocorre de forma exacerbada ou inapropriada pode promover dano tecidual e patologias associadas. Um exemplo de doença inflamatória importante é a asma, um processo hipersensibilidade imediata nas vias aéreas e que tratamentos convencionais apresentam efeitos colaterais importantes. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar os enantiômeros da carvona em modelos de inflamação e de hipersensibilidade das vias aéreas. Para investigar a atividade anti-inflamatória das substâncias os seguintes parâmetros foram avaliados: produção de NO por células J774.A1, formação de edema de pata induzido por carragenina, zimosan, composto 48/80 e histamina, migração de células e produção das citocinas (TNF-α e IL-1β) no modelo de peritonite induzida por zimosan, em camundongos Swiss. Para avaliar a atividade anti-asmática dos enantiômeros, foi utilizado o modelo de asma experimental induzido por ovalbumina e analisado os seguinte parâmetros: celularidade do lavado bronco alveolar (BAL), produção de muco, síntese de IgE OVA-específica, produção de citocinas (IL-13, IFN-γ e IL-10). Os resultados demonstraram que ambos os enantiômeros foram capazes de reduzir a produção de NO, inibir o edema de pata induzido pelos agentes flogísticos utilizados e inibir a migração de células para o peritônio, porém apenas a (R)-( )-carvona foi capaz de reduzir os níveis de TNF-α. No modelo murino de asma alérgica, a (R)-(−)-carvona, foi capaz de reduzir a celularidade do BAL, modular a produção de IgE OVA-específica, reduzir o infiltrado de células e muco no pulmão e ainda, aumentar os níveis de IL-10. Porém, embora a (S)-(+)-carvona, tenha reduzido a celularidade do BAL e aumentado os níveis de IFN-γ, ela não foi capaz de reduzir o infiltrado de células no pulmão e ainda, aumentou a produção de muco. Portanto, ambos enantiômeros da carvona apresentaram efeito anti-inflamatório, embora apenas a (R)-(-)-carvona tenha apresentado potencial anti-asmático e ainda, os resultados apresentados pela (S)-(+)-carvona, revelaram um potencial efeito adverso desse enantiômero em modelo experimental de asma.
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Atividade secretória e histologia uterina de cadelas pré-púberes com ablação parcial do desenvolvimento das glândulas endometriais / Secretory activity and uterine histology of bitches prepubertal ablation with partial development endometrial glandsMartins, Bianca Barcelos 26 August 2013 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2013-08-26 / The use of steroids with actions in the female reproductive system may affect the development and differentiation of the uterus, which can lead to abnormal development of endometrial glands, with decreased reproductive efficiency and even sterility. Thus, this methodology could be applied in the population control of dogs. However, in cases of partial inhibition of the development of the glands is not known effects of steroids on the functionality formed glands, as well as the possible occurrence of endometrial fibrosis. This study aimed to evaluate the secretory activity of the endometrial glands of prepubertal bitches undergoing a protocol for partial ablation of endometrial glands development. We used sixteen female mongrel bitches from different litters, distributed in the MPA group (n = 8), females that received injections of medroxyprogesterone acetate (10mg/kg/SC), every 3 weeks, from day 1 after birth until the age of six months, and C (n = 8), control females, untreated, which received applications of 0.9% NaCl solution. At 6 months of age, ovariohysterectomy was performed in all animals, and samples of uterine horns were collected and fixed for histology and histochemistry. To evaluate the intensity of uterine secretion (grades 1-4), the stains of periodic acid Schiff (PAS) and Alcian Blue (AB) pH 2.5 were used. For histological analysis we used Masson s trichrome and toluidine blue staining. Statistical analysis was performed by Kruskal-Wallis test, using the R software, with significance level of 5%. No dog in both groups exhibited cystic endometrial hyperplasia (HCE) and presence of content in the uterine lumen. For PAS only the grades 1 (absent) and 2 (mild) were observed in both groups, without difference between groups. However, the MPA showed greater intensity of uterine secretion (grade 2) in comparison to the C group (p <0.05). With respect to AB pH 2.5, in both groups we also found only the grades 1 (absent) and 2 (mild), without statistical difference between groups. There was no Masson s trichrome staining in the periglandular region in both groups. There was greater amount of mast cells present in the region of the myometrium in relation to the endometrium in both groups. It is concluded that prepubertal bitches with partial ablation of uterine adenogenesis present minimal uterine secretory activity, absence of uterine periglandular fibrosis and presence of larger amount of mast cells in the myometrium in relation to the endometrium / O uso de esteróides com ações no sistema reprodutor feminino pode afetar o desenvolvimento e diferenciação uterina, podendo levar a alteração no desenvolvimento das glândulas endometriais, com diminuição da eficiência reprodutiva e até mesmo esterilidade. Desta forma, esta metodologia poderia ser aplicada no controle populacional de cães. Entretanto, nos casos de inibição parcial do desenvolvimento das glândulas, não se conhece os efeitos dos esteróides sobre a funcionalidade das glândulas formadas, bem como a possível ocorrência de fibrose endometrial. Objetivou-se avaliar a atividade secretória das glândulas endometriais de cadelas pré-púberes submetidas a protocolo de ablação parcial da adenogênese uterina. Foram utilizadas dezesseis fêmeas, sem raça definida, de ninhadas diferentes, distribuídas nos grupos MPA (n = 8), fêmeas que receberam aplicações de acetato de medroxiprogesterona (10mg/kg/SC), a cada 3 semanas, desde o dia 1 após nascimento até a idade de 6 meses, e C (n = 8), fêmeas controle, não tratadas, que receberam aplicações de solução de NaCl 0,9%, de maneira similar as tratadas. Aos 6 meses de idade, foi realizada ovariohisterectomia em todos os animais, e amostras dos cornos uterinos foram coletadas e fixadas para exame histológico e de histoquímica. Para avaliar a intensidade de secreção (graus 1-4), foram utilizadas as colorações de Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) e Alcian Blue (AB) pH 2,5. Para a avaliação histológica foram utilizadas as colorações de Tricrômico de Masson e Azul de Toluidina. A análise estatística foi realizada pelo teste Kruskal-Wallis, pelo software R, com nível de significância de 5%. Nenhuma cadela, em ambos os grupos, apresentou hiperplasia cística endometrial (HCE) e presença de conteúdo no interior do lúmen uterino. Para coloração de PAS apenas marcações graus 1 (ausente) e 2 (discreta) foram observadas em ambos os grupos, sem diferença na intensidade de secreção uterina entre grupos com relação aos graus encontrados. Entretanto, o grupo MPA apresentou maior intensidade de secreção uterina (grau 2) em relação ao grupo C (p<0,05). Com relação ao AB pH 2,5, em ambos os grupos também foram encontradas apenas marcações de graus 1 (ausente) e 2 (discreta), sem diferença estatística entre grupos com relação a intensidade de secreção uterina. Não foram observadas marcações para a coloração de Tricrômico de Masson na região periglandular, em ambos os grupos. Foi observada maior quantidade de mastócitos presentes no útero na região do miométrio em relação ao endométrio, em ambos os grupos. Conclui-se que cadelas pré-púberes com ablação parcial da adenogênese uterina apresentam mínima atividade secretória uterina, ausência de fibrose periglandular e maior presença de mastócitos no miométrio em relação ao endométrio
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Estresse de manejo criatório em rãs-touro : aspectos hormonais, hematológicos e morfológicos /Teixeira, Patrícia Coelho. January 2012 (has links)
Orientador: Irene Bastos Franceschini Vicentini / Coorientador: Maria José Tavares Ranzani de Paiva / Banca: Marta Verardino de Stéfani / Banca: Elyara Maria Pereira da Silva / Banca: Antenor Aguiar Santos / Banca: Priscila Viau Furtado / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resposta fisiológica de estresse no clímax e logo após a metamorfose de rã-touro (Lithobates catesbeianus) em diferentes densidades e triagens aplicadas sendo conduzidos no laboratório e no campo. No experimento Densidade foram testadas as densidade de pré-engorda: 70 animais m-2 (D70), 100 animais m-2 (D100) controle, 150 animais m-2 (D150) e 200 animais m-2 (D200), com três réplicas simultâneas. No Experimento Triagem foram testados os manejos de seleção por tamanho (triagem): Sem Triagem (ST), Triagem Parcial a cada quinze dias (TP), Triagem Total a cada quinze dias (TT), com quatro réplicas simultâneas. Foram avaliados o parâmetro hormonal da corticosterona plasmática (Radioimunoensaio - RIE), os parâmetros hematológicos da série vermelha e branca, bem como a morfologia das células cromafins (rim) e glândulas de muco (pele). A corticosterona plasmática respondeu às distintas condições de densidade e triagem aumentando para as densidades D150 e D200 e para as triagens TP e TT ao longo do tempo experimental no laboratório. Porém no campo, a alta densidade e a situação de cativeiro não foram suficientes para provocar estresse nos animais que apresentaram uma diminuição dos níveis de corticosterona aos 30 dias. Na experimentação de Triagem campo os níveis de corticosterona apresentaram menos expressivos se comparado ao laboratório com diminuição aos 30 dias para TT. A série vermelha respondeu aos distintos estresses de densidade e triagem com o aumento do VCM e HCM de forma semelhante, no laboratório. Já no campo este resultado foi menos expressivo A série branca respondeu ao estresse de densidade com aumento de neutrófilos, basófilos, eosinófilos e monócitos, no laboratório e alterações menos expressivas no campo. Porém respondeu ao ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This work aimed evaluate the physiological response of the stress in the climax and immediately after metamorphosis of bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus) submitted to different densities (D) and to selective handling by animal size (S) conducted in laboratory and field. In the Density experiment four different densities for animal were tested: 70 animals.m-2 (D70), 100 animals.m-2 (D100), density control, 150 animals.m-2 (D150) and 200 animals.m-2 (D200), using 3 simultaneous replicates. In the handling experiment three selective handling by animal size were tested: without selective handling (NS), Partial Selective handling each 15 days (PS), Total Selective handling each 15 days (TS), using 4 simultaneous replicates. For the stress response evaluation hormonal parameter for plasmatic corticosterone (radioimmuneassay - RIE) were quantified. In addition, hematological parameters in red and white blood cells, and the morphology of cromafins cells (kidneys) and mucus glands (epiderm) were determined. The plasma corticosterone responded to the different conditions of density and separate by size (screening), increasing to the D150 and D200 and to the PS and TS throughout the experimental period. In the laboratory, but in the field high density and captive situation were not enough to cause stress in animals that showed a decrease in corticosterone levels at 30 days. In the field, levels of corticosterone in screenig stress showed less significance compared to the laboratory with a decrease to 30 days for TS. The red series responded to different stresses, density and screening with the increase MCV and MCH in a similar way in the laboratory, but in the field this result was less significant. The white series responded to density stress with an increase of neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils and monocytes in the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor
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Efeitos do envelhecimento, isolado e associado ao diabetes e/ou à hipertensão sobre o transporte mucociliar e propriedades físicas do muco nasal / The effects of aging, isolated and associated with diabetes and/or hypertension on nasal mucociliary clearance and mucus propertiesJanaína Proença de Oliveira 15 December 2011 (has links)
A pneumonia é uma das principais causas de morte na população idosa. O prejuízo do transporte mucociliar pode aumentar a susceptibilidade à infecção respiratória. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar os efeitos do envelhecimento, isolado e combinado com diabetes ou hipertensão, sobre a transporte mucociliar nasal e as propriedades do muco. De 440 pacientes contactados por telefone, 252 pessoas participaram do estudo: 79 saudáveis (18-94 anos, 50 homens), 38 indivíduos com diabetes (14-85 anos, 13 homens), 51 indivíduos com hipertensão (23-90 anos, 12 homens) e 84 indivíduos com diabetes e hipertensão (18-84 anos, 33 homens). Os indivíduos foram divididos em dois grupos principais, saudável e co-morbidade. Cada grupo foi separado em três sub-grupos de faixas etárias: (a) <40 anos, (b) 40-59 anos e (c) 60 anos. Foram avaliados os dados demográficos, os dados clínicos, o questionário de Qualidade de Vida SF-36, o pH nasal, o transporte mucociliar nasal por meio do teste de tempo de trânsito da sacarina (TTS), as propriedades do muco in vitro por meio da transportabilidade do muco por alto fluxo e o ângulo de contato. Neste estudo, observamos no grupo saudável uma maior frequência de mulheres (p=0,040) no sub-grupo 60 anos (70%) comparado com <40 anos (35%) e 40-59 anos (22%). Nos indivíduos saudáveis não observamos diferença entre as faixas etárias quanto aos seguintes parâmetros: sumário do componente físico do SF-36 (51±7), sumário do componente mental do SF-36 (51±9), pressão arterial sistólica (116±7 mmHg), pressão arterial diastólica (76±6 mmHg), freqüência cardíaca (74±10 bpm), frequência respiratória (17±3 rpm), oximetria de pulso (97±1%), glicemia (98±8 mg/dl), pH nasal (6,7±1,3), TTS (9,5±2,7 min), transportabilidade do muco por alto fluxo (46±18 mm) e ângulo de contato do muco (42±7°). No entanto, no grupo co-morbidade, o subgrupo 60 anos apresentou aumento do índice de massa corpórea (p=0,021), da pressão arterial sistólica (p<0,001), da frequência respiratória (p<0,001) e do TTS (p=0,003) e redução do sumário do componente físico SF-36 (p<0,001) em comparação com o sub-grupo <40 anos. Observamos correlação entre TTS e idade associada a co-morbidades (p<0,001). Nosso estudo sugere que o envelhecimento combinado com o diabetes e/ou a hipertensão podem reduzir a eficiência do transporte mucociliar nasal / Pneumonia is a leading cause of death in elderly populations. Impairment of mucociliary clearance may increase susceptibility to respiratory infection. We aimed to evaluate the effects of aging alone and in combination with diabetes or hypertension on nasal mucociliary clearance and mucus properties. Of 440 subjects contacted by telephone, 252 entered the study: 79 healthy subjects (18-94 yrs, 50 male); 38 with diabetes (14-85 yrs, 13 male); 51 with hypertension (23-90 yrs, 12 male); and 84 with both diabetes and hypertension (18-84 yrs, 33 male). The subjects were divided into healthy and co-morbid groups. Each group was separated into three subgroups by age: (a) <40 yrs, (b) 40-59 yrs, and (c) 60 yrs. We assessed demographic data, clinical data, quality of life questionnaire (SF-36), nasal pH, nasal mucociliary clearance using the saccharine transit test (STT) and in vitro mucus properties by examining the high-flow clearability and contact angle. In this study, in the healthy group there was a high frequency of female (p=0.040) in the sub-group 60 yrs (70%) compared with <40 yrs (35%) and 40-59 yrs (22%). In healthy group, there were no differences between age groups in SF-36 physical component summary (51±7), SF-36 mental component summary (51±9), systolic blood pressure (116±7 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (78±6 mmHg), heart rate (74±10 bpm), respiratory rate (17±3), pulse oximetry (97±1%), glycemia (98±8 mg/dl), nasal pH (6.7±1.3), STT (9.5±2.7 min), high-flow clearability (46±18 mm), and mucus contact angle (42±7o). In the co-morbid group, however, subjects aged 60 yrs had higher body mass indices (p=0.021), systolic blood pressures (p<0.001), respiratory rate (p<0.001), STT (p=0.003) and decreased SF-36 physical component summary scores (p<0.001) compared to the subjects aged <40 yrs. There was a significant correlation between STT and aging associated with co-morbid conditions (p<0.001). Our study suggests that aging combined with diabetes and/or hypertension can reduce nasal mucociliary clearance efficiency
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Análise do aparelho mucociliar e das propriedades reológicas do muco respiratório em portadores de câncer pulmonar e extra-pulmonar / Analysis of the respiratory mucus properties in cancer patients concerning the primary site of the disease: pulmonary or extra pulmonary tumorsAreta Agostinho Rodrigues de Souza 27 November 2009 (has links)
Estudos anteriores (Zayas, 1990) tem sugerido a existência de uma melhor transportabilidade por cílio do muco respiratório de pacientes fumantes que não apresentam câncer de pulmão em comparação com pacientes fumantes com câncer de pulmão e semelhante carga tabágica. Nosso principal objetivo foi verificar esta hipótese. Nós estudamos 16 tabagistas com câncer de pulmão (média carga tabágica = 58,78), 16 tabagistas com câncer extra-pulmonar (média carga tabágica = 53,87) e 11 não Tabagistas com Metástase Pulmonar com indicação de broncoscopia diagnóstica. O muco respiratório foi coletado durante a broncoscopia, usando um pequeno cateter através do canal de aspiração do broncoscopio. A transportabilidade por cílio no palato de rã, ângulo de contato (wetabilidade), transportabilidade pela tosse e viscosidade (cone-plate) e análise morfológica do epitélio respiratório foi realizado. Não foi encontrada diferença estatística entre os pacientes Tabagistas (Câncer de pulmão e Câncer extra-Pulmonar) para os parâmetros de muco estudos. Da mesma forma não foi encontrada diferença estatística nas análises do muco coletado de um lado do tumor comparado com o lado contralateral. Entretanto, encontramos diferença estatística entre os grupos não tabagistas com Metástase Pulmonar e Tabagistas com câncer Pulmonar e Extra-Pulmonar para os parâmetros de Transportabilidade pela Tosse (p = 0,018), Viscosidade 10 rpm (p= 0,021), FEV 1 (L) (p= 0,028) e FEV 1 (%) (p= 0,042) e diferença estatística nos Tabagistas para Correlação entre carga tabágica e idade (p=0,038) e Viscosidade (p= 0,029). Na análise histologica observamos 10 Tabagistas (60% alteração, sendo, 30% metaplasia escamosa; 20% hyperplasia e 10% epitélio com ausência de cílios) e 15 não Tabagistas (40% com alteração histológica sendo 20% destes com metaplasia escamosa e em pacientes com Câncer pulmonar ou Câncer extra-pulmonar). Não teve diferença na composição das mucinas entre os tabagistas. Concluímos que não há diferença entre as propriedades físicas do muco respiratório de Tabagistas com Câncer de Pulmão e Câncer Extra-Pulmonar com similar carga tabágica e que essas alterações das propriedades físicas do muco respiratório e alterações morfológicas, devem-se mais à exposição dose-tempo da fumaça do cigarro ao epitélio respiratório / Previous study (Zayas 1990) has suggested the existence of a better transportability by cilia in respiratory mucus of smoking patients who did not present lung cancer in comparison to lung cancer patients smoking similar packages/year. Our aim was to verify this hypothesis. We studied 16 smoking patients with lung cancer (mean packages/year = 58,78), 16 smoking patients with extra pulmonary cancer (esophagus and head and neck), (mean packages/year = 53,87), and 11 non-smoking patients (metastasis) that underwent diagnostic bronchoscopy. Respiratory mucus was collected during bronchoscopy, using a small catheter passed through the aspiration channel of the bronchoscope. Mucus transportability in frog palate, contact angle (wettability), transportability by cough and viscosity (cone-plate) as well as morphological analysis the respiratory epithelium were performed. No statistical differences were found between smoking patients (lung and extra pulmonary cancer) in the mucus parameters studied. In the same way, no difference was found in the analysis of mucus samples collected from the tumor side compared to contra lateral samples. Nevertheless, statistical difference between Smoking (Lung Cancer and Extra-Pulmonary Cancer) and non Smoking (metastasis Pulmononary) for valous Clearance by cough (p = 0,018), viscosity 10rpm (p=0,021) FEV 1 (L) (p= 0,028) and FEV1 (%) (p=0,042) and statistical difference for correlation between smoking history and age (p=0,038) and viscosity 10 rpm (p= 0,029). The analysis histological of the 10 smoking, observed 60% of cases with alteration histological (30% with squamous metaplasia; 20% with hyperplasia and 10% with epithelium with cilia absence) and 15 non smoking presented 40% of cases with alteration histological (205 with squamous metaplasia in patients with lung cancer or exra-pulmonary cancer. We conclude that there is no difference between the physical properties of the respiratory mucus of smokers with lung cancer and extra-pulmonary cancer with similar packages/year and that changes in physical properties of respiratory mucus and morphological changes, due to more exposure to the dose-time of cigarette smoke in the respiratory epithelium
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