This dissertation presents the algorithm, methodology, modeling, and system development of a GIS-enabled multi-year pavement rehabilitation needs analysis system which can perform multi-year network-level pavement rehabilitation needs analysis subject to funding availability, minimum performance requirements, and balancing constraints. The system links network-level analysis results directly with project-level maintenance plans and, therefore, can generate not only network-level results but also detailed project-level rehabilitation plans, such as when to treat, where to treat and what treatment method to use. The system first utilizes the current and historical project level pavement condition evaluation information stored in the central Oracle database to forecast future project performance ratings and distresses, to determine appropriate treatment methods and costs, and to calculate life-cycle cost effectiveness ratios for all the projects in the pavement network. Based on this information, a methodology was developed to perform various network-level analyses to determine multi-year funding requirements to meet various prescribed pavement performance requirements and to determine optimum pavement rehabilitation plans subject to funding availability and other requirements, such as balancing funding distribution or future pavement performance among Georgia Department of Transportation (GDOT) Engineering Districts or State Congressional Districts. The system integrates graphical information on GIS maps with information in the central Oracle database and the needs analysis results seamlessly so that engineers can perform interactive map-based multi-year what-if needs analysis directly on the maps using the framework and methodology presented in this dissertation. Several case studies using the actual historical pavement condition evaluation data from the GDOT are presented to illustrate the capabilities of the system. The dissertation concludes with a summary of major conclusions and recommendations for future research. Besides linking network-level analysis results directly with project-level maintenance plans, the following major advantages of the system are also recognized: GIS technology is fully utilized in the system. The system is one of the first pavement needs analysis systems that allows an engineer to perform interactive map-based what-if scenario analyses on multi-year pavement needs analysis. The system allows the rehabilitation plans to balance pavement rehabilitation costs and performances among different political jurisdictions. The system can perform various types of analyses to develop multi-year rehabilitation plans subject to various budget and performance constraints together with the balancing constraints. Although the system was developed for GDOT, with slight modifications, the system can be used by engineers in other transportation agencies to perform the same analyses.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:32:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Tathiana_R_Salgado 2010.pdf: 980129 bytes, checksum: 614c4da6728aa26b4de737ec25354a1f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-02 / This research entitled: Planning and regionalization: a review of annual plans drawn up in Goias State between 1999 and 2007 aims to present, through an analytic study of the Multi-Year Plans (PPA Planos Plurianuais) established in Goiás, from the late 1990s, the actions of the Government of Goiás in reducing regional inequalities. The theoretical proposals were analyzed in order to assess whether they were able to reverse the logic of concentration of wealth in Goiás territory, a fact which justified the development of such plans. The Brazilian Federal Constitution of 1988 in its Article 165 establishes a requirement for both the Federal Government as to the State Governments, the establishment, for planning purposes, of the PPAs.These plans aim to present the guidelines of public administration, resulting in a sense, of its view of territory, since the budget, several actions and programs become regionalized. In the State of Goias, the preparation of the first three PPAs occurred between the years of 2000 and 2007. According to the Bureau of State Planning (GOIÁS, 2001), the 2000/2003 PPA aimed to central idea as: Entering Goiás in national and international economy to ensure its growth in terms of economic progress and social quality of life. The PPA - Goiás Century XXI was guided by five strategic directions: "1 - Competitive Goiás and regional economic center 2 - Goiás with citizenship and improving in quality of life 3 - Goiás with balanced development 4 Modern and enterprising Goiás 5 - Alliances and partnerships in support of Goias. The second PPA to the state was named Goias XXI Century more advancement, with indications of action for the period between 2004 to 2007. Its structure is similar to the first plan. Composed by 90 sectoral programs targeted by the same strategic directives. The third PPA, prepared in 2007, with directions for the period 2008 to 2011, albeit with new purpose, retains the same purposeful nature of its predecessors. In this work, we start from the assumption that, beyond the legal issues, analysis of the Multi-Year Plans (PPAs) can reveal the significance of regional development for governments, as well as the theoretical alignment with hegemonic conceptions of state intervention, such as the incorporation of arrays of strategic planning. To order the arguments, the text was divided into three chapters. The first chapter, entitled "Territorial planning: conceptual aspects aims to define the concept of territorial planning and from there identify the landmarks of planning practice, and in the sequence it will be presented the main experiences of state planning in national and state levels. The second chapter entitled Regionalization and planning will present the concept of regional planning, based on empirical regionalization proposed by the different governments of Goiás State, with emphasis on the proposal made in the late 1990s. The third chapter, entitled "The Multi-Year Plan and the strategy of intervention in an uneven territory presents a characterization and analysis of Multi-Year Plans (PPAs) prepared in Goiás State from 1999 on. Thus, we highlight what is the strategy of government action in a territory marked by inequality. / A presente pesquisa intitulada: Planejamento e regionalização: análise dos planos plurianuais elaborados no Estado de Goiás entre 1999 e 2007 busca compreender, por meio de um estudo analítico dos Planos Plurianuais (PPA) elaborados em Goiás, a partir do final da década de 1990, a atuação do Governo de Goiás na minimização das desigualdades regionais. Serão analisadas as propostas teóricas, a fim de avaliar se estas foram capazes de inverter a lógica de concentração de riquezas no território goiano, fato que justificou a elaboração dos planos. A Constituição Federal brasileira de 1988, em seu artigo 165º, estabelece a obrigatoriedade, tanto para o Governo Federal como para os Governos Estaduais, do estabelecimento, para fins de planejamento, dos PPAs. Esses planos têm como objetivo apresentar as diretrizes da administração pública, traduzindo, de certo modo, sua visão de território, uma vez que o orçamento, as ações e os diversos programas passam a ser regionalizados. No estado de Goiás, a elaboração dos três primeiros PPA ocorreu entre os anos de 2000 e 2007. Segundo a Secretaria de Planejamento do Estado (GOIÁS, 2001), o PPA 2000/2003 tinha por objetivo central: A inserção de Goiás na economia nacional e internacional para garantir seu crescimento em termos de progresso econômico social e qualidade de vida. O PPA - Goiás século XXI foi orientado por cinco diretrizes estratégicas: 1 - Goiás competitivo e pólo econômico regional 2 Goiás com cidadania e melhoria na qualidade de vida 3 - Goiás com desenvolvimento harmônico e equilibrado 4 - Goiás moderno e empreendedor 5 - Alianças e parcerias em prol de Goiás. . O segundo PPA para o estado foi denominado de Goiás século XXI - avançar mais, com indicações de ação para o período de 2004 a 2007. Sua estrutura é semelhante ao do primeiro plano. Composto por 90 programas setoriais orientados pelas mesmas diretrizes estratégicas. O terceiro PPA, elaborado em 2007, com indicações para o período de 2008 a 2011, embora com novo objetivo, conserva a mesma natureza propositiva de seus antecessores. Nesse trabalho, partimos da hipótese que, para além das questões legais, a análise dos Planos Plurianuais pode revelar o significado do desenvolvimento regional para os governos, assim como o alinhamento teórico com as concepções hegemônicas de intervenção estatal, a exemplo da incorporação das matrizes do planejamento estratégico. No sentido de ordenar nossas argumentações, o texto foi dividido em três capítulos. No primeiro capítulo, intitulado Planejamento territorial: aspectos conceituais tem por objetivo delimitar o conceito de planejamento territorial e a partir daí identificar os marcos históricos da prática de planejamento, na seqüência apresentaremos as principais experiências de planejamento estatal na escala nacional e estadual. No segundo capítulo intitulado Planejamento e regionalização será apresentado o conceito de região de planejamento, tendo como base empírica as regionalizações propostas pelos diferentes governos do Estado de Goiás, com destaque para a proposta elaborada no final da década de 1990. No terceiro capítulo, intitulado O Plano Plurianual e a estratégia de intervenção em um território desigual apresentamos uma caracterização e análise dos Planos Plurianuais elaborados no Estado de Goiás a partir de 1999. Dessa forma, buscamos evidenciar a estratégia de ação do governo do estado de Goiás em um território marcado pela desigualdade regional.

<div> Precision agriculture equipment enables treating different areas of a field differently (i.e., site-specific management). The first part of this work presents an algorithm for inferring the management zones of fields based on multiple years' yield data. It seeks regions that correspond to the same underlying yield distribution. Zones are assumed to be the same each year, but their distributions are allowed to change year-to-year to account for variability. Zones are estimated using stochastic expectation maximization and maximization of the posterior marginals. The underlying assumption is that the yields corresponding to a given zone will behave similarly, and are drawn from the same distribution. This requires only the yield data automatically collected during harvest. This method requires no crop-specific calibration.</div><div><br></div><div> The second part of this work presents the Open Ag Data Alliance (OADA) Application Programming Interface (API) framework. It is a generic specification that can be used by third parties’ APIs to reduce the complexity of interoperating with multiple entities. This is especially useful in intercloud scenarios, for example, moving data between a farmer, a processor, and a distributor. Several existing standards that were leveraged are identified, the graph-based data representation is illustrated, and key API specifications and features are highlighted. Some of the contributions of OADA include user-centric Representational State Transfer (REST) so users can select API clients, resource meta-data stored externally to the resource, live data graphs via change feeds, intercloud data push, and format indifference. A reference implementation is presented and use cases are demonstrated.</div>

Submitted by Tatiana Lima (tatianasl@ufba.br) on 2016-10-11T21:01:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ataíde, Luciano Quintão.pdf: 1783045 bytes, checksum: 65dc64df56030e88d021b0d28c27931d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Tatiana Lima (tatianasl@ufba.br) on 2017-02-15T19:01:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Ataíde, Luciano Quintão.pdf: 1783045 bytes, checksum: 65dc64df56030e88d021b0d28c27931d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-15T19:01:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ataíde, Luciano Quintão.pdf: 1783045 bytes, checksum: 65dc64df56030e88d021b0d28c27931d (MD5) / A proposta central desta pesquisa é examinar as características e os usos das tecnologias digitais que contribuem para o incremento de valores democráticos. Vamos analisar como a administração do Governo do Estado da Bahia, entre 2011 e 2015, empregou as novas tecnologias da comunicação e informação, especificamente a Internet, para melhorar a participação do cidadão na elaboração das políticas públicas e dos programas de governo. Para esta pesquisa, vamos fazer um recorte e usar como corpus empírico o Plano Plurianual Participativo (PPA-P) e sua interface digital, a página na internet com o endereço www.ppaparticipativo.ba.gov.br, denominado PPA-P NET. Esta pesquisa problematiza a inserção da participação social na elaboração e construção do Plano Plurianual. A problemática se evidencia quando se percebe que houve participação reduzida da população nessa plataforma digital e uma influência restrita sobre as decisões orçamentárias e de planejamento. Aqui, buscamos problematizar os limites desta iniciativa de democracia digital que reproduz a lógica centralizadora das relações de poder e limita o acesso dos cidadãos ao processo decisório. Tratase de uma pesquisa qualitativa que conta com a utilização das seguintes técnicas metodológicas: observação, análise de documentos e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os resultados desta pesquisa indicam que a iniciativa baiana se ancora no conceito de transparência e accountability, do modelo liberal. Os canais de comunicação com capacidade participativa encontrados no site apresentam, como traço principal, uma interação individualizada, sem disponibilidade de dados aprofundados ou deliberação online sobre políticas públicas ou programas de governo. Adicionalmente, não foram detectados mecanismos motivadores a participação social online na elaboração do planejamento. Percebe-se que a iniciativa do Governo Estadual não contemplou a necessidade de um modelo mais participativo de democracia digital, com criação de canais online e mecanismos mais robustos de intervenção dos cidadãos nos processos de tomada de decisão sobre o Plano Plurianual. / The main purpose of this research is to examine the characteristics of digital technologies that contribute to democratic values. We analyze how the administration of the State of Bahia, in 2011 and 2015, used the new technologies of communication and information, specifically the Internet, to improve citizen participation in the elaboration of public policies and government programs. For this research, we use as empirical corpus the Participatory Multi-Year Plan and its digital interface, the web page www.ppaparticipativo.ba.gov.br called PPA- P NET. This research discusses the inclusion of social participation in the design and construction of the Multi-Year Plan. The problem is evident when we realize that there was low participation of the population in this digital platform and a limited influence on the budget and planning decisions. Here, we seek to question the limits of digital democracy initiative that plays the centralizing logic of power relations and limits the access of citizens to the decision-making process. This is a qualitative research that relies on the use of the following methodological techniques: observation, document analysis and semi-structured interviews. The results of this research indicate that the Bahia initiative is anchored in the concept of transparency and accountability, the liberal model. The channels of communication with participatory capacity found on the website have as main feature an individualized interaction without availability of detailed data or online deliberation about public policies and government programs. In addition, they were not detected to online social participation in development planning. It is noticed that the initiative of the State Government did not contemplate the need for a more participatory model of digital democracy, with the creation of online channels and more robust mechanisms of citizen intervention in decision-making processes on the Multi-Year Plan.

140 p. / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2012-12-18T17:31:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 22.pdf: 1205247 bytes, checksum: 74899fd35ba5780eaf276886eb3135f7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-12-18T17:31:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 22.pdf: 1205247 bytes, checksum: 74899fd35ba5780eaf276886eb3135f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / O presente trabalho de dissertação tem o propósito de indicar quais os avanços e os obstáculos verificados na implementação do Plano Plurianual Participativo na Bahia no período 2008-2011. O estudo encaixa-se na categoria estudo de caso, já que busca entender o processo de escuta social conhecido como PPA Participativo, executado pelo Governo da Bahia a partir de 2007. Como referencial teórico, entre as diversas teorias da democracia existentes, optou-se pela democracia participativa, pela maior identidade com o objeto do estudo, em especial a corrente conhecida como “Nova Esquerda”, destacando-se como principais autores Nicos Poulantzas e Carole Pateman. Entre as contribuições do presente trabalho estão a sistematização de conhecimentos acerca de etapas do PPA Participativo, como as plenárias do PPA-P, a formação do Conselho de Acompanhamento do PPA e os eventos conhecidos como Diálogos Territoriais, além de uma análise sobre a adoção dos Territórios de Identidade como unidades de planejamento. No âmbito dos principais obstáculos enfrentados na experiência foram apontados a baixa territorialização das Ações do Governo, a inexistência de regionalização uniforme, as dificuldades de compatibilização entre o Plano Plurianual e a Lei Orçamentária Anual e as dificuldades relacionados aos canais de diálogo entre o Estado e a Sociedade. Também foram discutidos aspectos relacionados à estrutura precária para o funcionamento do Conselho de Acompanhamento do PPA, além dos debates sobre o foco dos conselheiros na condução do CAPPA e as dificuldades que emergiram na relação entre a Democracia Participativa e a Democracia Representativa. Como aspectos positivos trabalhados na dissertação estão a elevação da transparência nas ações governamentais e o fortalecimento do Controle Social, com a criação de canais institucionais que permitem à sociedade acompanhar mais de perto as realizações governamentais. As conclusões indicam que a experiência do PPA Participativo foi positiva e se reconhece que a implementação de processos participativos exige tempo para se consolidar, embora a superação ou minimização dos obstáculos apontados no trabalho possam ajudar no aperfeiçoamento e na consolidação do processo. / Salvador

The purpose of this study was to compare the academic achievement of students in looping programs from school systems in East Tennessee to their peers in traditional one-year instructional programs. Looping is defined as any program design that perpetuates a cohesive student group with the same teacher for more than one year. The study included all students who had completed fourth grade in 2001 at every school in East Tennessee that implemented a third/fourth grade looping design. Student scores reported for 1999, 2000, and 2001 on the TerraNova Standardized Achievement Test were obtained from individual student records. Comparisons were made on the Total Reading, Total Language, Total Math, and Total Battery scores. Differences between program design groups (looping and traditional) on "pre-looping" second grade (1999) scores were assessed using t-tests for two independent groups. Two-way Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), was used to examine the main effects of program design and student gender on 2000 and 2001 test scores, along with program design x gender interactions, while controlling for prior test score differences. The findings suggested that students in looping classrooms benefited academically by remaining with the same teacher and classmates for two successive years. Significant main effects were detected for program design in first year comparisons, as indicated by significantly higher scores on all four subtests. Scores for those in the looping classrooms remained significantly higher in second year comparisons on each subtest, except Total Language, even after controlling for third grade (2000) test scores. Significant main effects for gender were detected after the first year of participation in each design. This included significantly higher Total Language and Total Battery scores for female participants. No significant differences by gender were detected when scores were compared on the four subtests at the end of the two-year cycle. A program design x gender interaction was detected at the end of the first year. This interaction showed that female participants in looping classrooms showed higher Total Math achievement. A program design x gender interaction also occurred after the second year where male participants in the looping classrooms obtained higher Total Language scores.

The multi-year gymnasium is a part of the Czech educational system for the long time. Those gymnasiums are one of the most discussed institutions in terms of usefulness. Various studies are made in dependence on that trying to find reasons for choosing multi-year gymnasiums (as thesis "Why Do Primary School Children Choose Multi-year Gymnasiums?", which preceded this work). The aim of this diploma thesis is already the next step: figuring out, if gymnasium met pupils' expectations, and also to receive feedback and evaluation of their parents. It focuses on pupils' academic self-concept, on problems associated with transfer to multi-year gymnasium and on positives, which the pupils would not probably meet at elementary school with. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

A promulgação da Carta Magna de 1988 resgatou a prática do planejamento governamental no Brasil ao trazer sua previsão constitucional, notadamente do plano plurianual (PPA), que se iniciou no período de 1991-1996 e encontra-se no período de 2016-2019. O PPA é um instrumento que determina, entre outros, as diretrizes, objetivos e metas da administração. Dito isso, esta pesquisa propõe o estudo da institucionalização do planejamento governamental na gestão pública contemporânea brasileira, tendo como instrumentos os PPAs do nível federal dos períodos de 2000 a 2003 e 2004 a 2007. Utilizando-se da pesquisa qualitativa, foram realizadas análises documentais, revisão da literatura e entrevistas. Os resultados apresentados demonstram as inovações trazidas e a identidade constituída pelo PPA 2000-2003, tendo sua metodologia continuada e aprofundada no PPA seguinte, relativo ao período de 2004-2007. / The sealing of Magna Carta in 1988 recovers the practice of public planning in Brazil through the Constitutional forecast, known as plurianual plan (PPA). The first plan was introduced in 1991-1996 and the currently plan is 2016-2019. PPA is a instrument of governmental planning which also establish guidelines, goals and targets. Accordingly it, the purpose of this article is to study the institutionalization of governmental plan in the contemporary Brazilian public administration, using as support the Federal PPAs 2000-2003 and 2004-2007. It was used qualitative research, specifically documental analysis, bibliographic review and interviews. The results shows the innovation and identity achieved in the PPA 2000-2003 and the methodology maintained in the following, PPA 2004-2007.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:42:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabricia Alves da Silva Pimentel.pdf: 45149068 bytes, checksum: 59f7ff6ffd5d82116f86a3eef72b2a71 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-30 / The demands and characteristics of the field capixaba multigrade schools are very diverse (maroon, fishermen, coastal, indigenous people, small farmers and large estates), but their characteristics are not considered to be developed curricula and teaching methodologies of thought. This study sought to identify characteristics of teaching proposals that best adequasse the demands of teaching in multigrade schools field. That were used for the references of scholars who re ected on popular education in particular on rural schools as Paulo Freire, Miguel Arroyo and others, as well as institutions like RACEFFAES working with teacher training in Pedagogy of Alternation and the Theory of apprenticeship significant Ausubel (1963) according to the interpretation of Moreira e Masini (1982) and Masini e Moreira (2008). The data collected and analyzed in the research pointed to the conclusion that children star in their knowledge when they are enrolled in schools where a curriculum developed is specifically designed for rural communities and teaching practices promote the active participation of students considering the previous knowledge as a point starting to build new knowledge, this is a teaching that enables meaningful learning for children. / As demandas e especificidades das escolas multisseriadas do campo capixaba são muito diversas (quilombolas, pescadores, ribeirinhos, indígenas, pequenos agricultores e grandes latifúndios), contudo suas características não são consideradas ao serem elaborados os currículos e pensadas as metodologias de ensino. Este estudo buscou identificar características de propostas de ensino que melhor de adequasse as demandas do processo de ensino nas escolas multisseriadas do campo. Para isto foram usados as referencias de estudiosos que reetiram sobre a educação popular em especial sobre as escolas do campo como Paulo Freire, Miguel Arroyo e outros, bem como instituições como a RACEFFAES que trabalham com formação de professores na Pedagogia da Alternância e a Teoria da Apredizagem Significativa de Ausubel (1963) segundo a interpretação de Moreira e Masini (1982) e Masini e Moreira (2008). Os dados levantados e analisados na pesquisa apontaram para a conclusão que as crianças protagonizam o seu conhecimento quando estão matriculadas em escolas onde um currículo desenvolvido é elaborado especificamente para comunidades camponesas e as práticas de ensino promovem a participação ativa dos estudantes considerando os conhecimentos prévios como ponto de partida para construção de novos conhecimentos, isto é um ensino que possibilite a aprendizagem significativa para as crianças.

This thesis study focuses on transmission expansion planning (TEP) problem for restructured power systems and addresses challenges specifically in countries where electricity market is in developing phase after liberalization of power industry for establishing a competitive market, like Turkey. A novel multi-year TEP approach is developed which considers generation investment cost and transmission congestion level in the planning horizon. The model assesses the impact of generation investments on TEP problem. Benders decomposition methodology is utilized successfully to decompose the complex mixed-integer programming TEP problem into a master problem and two subproblems. Security subproblem assesses single-contingency criteria. Transmission congestion cost is considered within operational subproblem given that congestion level is a proper criterion for measuring competitiveness level of an electricity market. The proposed approach is applied to the Turkish power system. The proposed approach could be utilized to provide indicative plans, which might be quite necessary particularly during development of a competitive market. However, there is no guarantee that independent power producers (IPPs) will follow those plans which concern the maximization of social-welfare. Given the necessity of coordinating monopoly transmission and decentralized generator investment decisions, the proposed approach is improved further to include promoting decentralized generator investments through incentive payments. Such incentives might be necessary to trigger IPPs earlier than their projections, as illustrated by numerical examples including IEEE 30-bus system.