Background: Global health is a complex, interdisciplinary, and contested field. It is rapidly growing and undergoing ideological and methodological changes. Despite many theoretical claims over what global health research ought to be, there are few empirical reports on what global health is, as a present field of research. The aim of this study is to: 1) determine patterns in global health research, based on key research characteristics; and 2) determine relationships between these characteristics to identify and define conceptual frameworks in global health research. Methodology: A systematic review of research in global health journals was conducted for papers published in the years 2010, 2015, and 2020. Categorical data on 17 research characteristics was extracted from all studies included in the analysis. The relationships between these characteristics was analyzed and visualized using multiple correspondence analysis, as implemented in the R’s ca package. Significance tests of independence determined relationships between pairs of variables. Results: The final analysis was done on 1033 included studies from 14 journals. 56% of the studies used a quantitative observational methodology. While 82% of research had at least one author affiliated with a high-income country, 96% of research funded (at least partially) by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation had at least one author affiliated with a high-income country. There was a significant relationship between the use of social and structural determinants of health and the authors’ affiliations (X2=59.06, p < 0.001), with the use of social and structural determinants of health lower among lower-income authors than high-income authors. The first and second dimensions of multiple correspondence analysis explained 38% of the variables’ deviation from independence. Conclusion: Multiple correspondence analysis offers a novel way of understanding global health research, contributing empirical data to the discourse on what lies ahead for the field of global health. The relationship between the use of social and structural determinants of health, authorship, and research methodologies point to the need for important conversations on the direction of global health research, starting from where we are at now. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc) / While the importance of the field of global health is more prominent than ever, it is a field of uncertainty, controversy, contested merit, and often disreputable history. Conversations abound on the strengths and weaknesses of the field and what needs to change; yet, there is a lack of empirical grounding for these discussions. In this study, I reviewed global health research literature, identifying 17 key characteristics that surface in theoretical conversations on global health, and scored 1033 global health research studies according to these characteristics. Using multiple correspondence analysis, the 17 characteristics were analyzed together and visualized to elucidate the relationships between the characteristics. I found that: over half of the studies were quantitative observational; most research in global health had at least one author from a high-income country; and middle-income authors were less likely to study social and structural determinants of health than high-income authors. These findings lend important empirical evidence to conversations on the direction of the field, starting from where we are at now.

Active and engaged citizens are the backbone of a strong democracy and a vibrant civil society. Yet recent trends of low electoral turnout in Europe and decreasing levels of civic engagement have called into question the legitimacy of governments and the stability of democracy in the long term, particularly in Europe. Against the background of such developments this research sets out to provide a comparative study of civic engagement and analyse the variations in civic engagement between countries. The study is mainly based on the analysis of the European Social Survey 2002, covering 35,000 individuals from 19 European countries and applies advanced statistical modelling techniques including Multiple Correspondence Analysis MCA) and Multi-level modelling. Although there is a good deal of research examining civic engagement using individual level data or aggregate level data, very few studies have combined both approaches. This study addresses this gap and applies multi-level modelling to examine the relative importance of an individual’s socio-demographic characteristics and his/her country in determining levels and types of civic engagement. Thus, it has the advantage of identifying whether civic engagement is significantly affected by country characteristics or the converse, whether a person’s characteristics (age, education, social class etc.) are all that is needed in order to account for the variations in civic engagement. The innovative application of MCA to explore indicators of civic engagement has led to the identification of three dimensions of civic engagement; political activities, political consumerism and associational involvement. Moreover, by projecting all activities on a two-dimensional map it become evident that citizens who tend to carry out ‘individual’ types of political consumerism such as ‘buycotting’, boycotting and signing petitions are also more likely to be involved in New Social Movement organisations. These significant results shed new light on activities usually regarded as ‘individualistic’ type of activities and suggest viewing them in the context of a wider array of collective actions. Furthermore, in addition to the standard contextual measures such as economic development, welfare regime, income inequality, and levels of democracy, this study introduced two innovative policy measures. To consider the impact of government policies on levels of civic engagement measures of governments’ support of the voluntary sector and civic education at school (comparing the education policies of 19 European countries from 1945-2002) were developed. The results confirmed the importance of both individual level characteristics as well as country level characteristics in explaining civic engagement in Europe. However, differences between countries were reduced to a greater degree when contextual factors were introduced. Particularly the welfare state, showed the greatest effect. This implies that socio-economic conditions and in particular social policy and the degree to which it reproduces egalitarian structures determine to a great extent citizen involvement. In other words the results of this study suggest that the national context matters and that governments can and do shape the nature and levels of civic engagement.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2018-12-17T18:36:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniela Sousa Guedes Meireles Rocha.pdf: 7525991 bytes, checksum: e5bf7e6cbbea752acfd4642380eda298 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-17T18:36:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniela Sousa Guedes Meireles Rocha.pdf: 7525991 bytes, checksum: e5bf7e6cbbea752acfd4642380eda298 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-27 / Introduction: Civil construction uses a significant quantity of materials and consequently, if poorly managed, can culminate in tons of undue disposal. In this way, engineers become (co) responsible for bringing environmental sustainability into the daily life of their works, with optimization of materials, waste reduction and efficient and humanized manpower management. In order to do so, Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) can exert influence in the training of these professionals, being an agent that contributes to the transformation of the posture of the future engineer, and may arouse students' interest in sustainability related topics. Objectives: To evaluate the perception and commitment of Civil Engineering students from the Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás (PUC / GO) based on the principles that guide sustainability, and to identify in the Curricular Matrices of Brazilian HEIs the quantitative of disciplines involving sustainability education and propose a possible change in the Curricular Matrix of PUC/GO. Methods: Descriptive, exploratory study of a quantitative-qualitative nature, whose research source was the application of the Survey questionnaire, using the Multiple Correspondence Analysis technique for analysis and statistical inferences. Results: Civil Engineering students from PUC/GO are mostly males (54%), aged 22 to 25 (57%) and have income between one and two minimum wages (37%). The research demonstrated that the students have knowledge by the subject "sustainability" and had access in the IES to contents that approach the sustainable development. However, not all future professionals are interested in developing skills based on sustainable guidelines. From the analysis of the curricular matrices of 163 Civil Engineering courses, it was verified that only (5.9%) of the subjects deal with sustainability, thus presenting the need for changes in the curricular matrix and in the syllabuses in the subjects, the which were suggested in this work. Conclusions: This research comprised that the student of Civil Engineering is said to possess little knowledge to act in accordance with the Sustainable Development (SD), and most appropriated the theme during the course of all their training as an individual and not necessarily during the course of graduation. The information obtained in this dissertation, associated with other research already done on the subject, proposes to the HEIs a review of their curricular matrices and contents, providing more suitable conditions for the learning of these future professionals, in relation to the issues of Sustainable Development. / Introdução: A construção civil utiliza um expressivo quantitativo de materiais e consequentemente, se mal geridos, podem culminar em toneladas de descarte indevido. Deste modo, os engenheiros tornam-se (co)responsáveis por trazerem a sustentabilidade ambiental no cotidiano de suas obras, com otimização de materiais, redução de desperdícios e um gerenciamento da mão-de-obra eficiente e humanizado. Para tanto, as Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) podem exercer influência na formação desses profissionais, sendo agente que contribui na transformação na postura do futuro engenheiro, podendo despertar o interesse dos discentes nos temas relacionados à sustentabilidade. Objetivos: Avaliar a percepção e o comprometimento dos alunos de Engenharia Civil da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás (PUC/GO) a partir dos princípios que norteiam a sustentabilidade, além disso, identificar nas Matrizes Curriculares de IES brasileiras o quantitativo de disciplinas que envolvem a educação voltada à sustentabilidade e propor uma possível mudança na Matriz Curricular da PUC/GO. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, exploratório de natureza quanti-qualitativa, que teve como fonte de investigação a aplicação do questionário Survey, com o uso da técnica de Análise de Correspondência Múltipla para análise e inferências estatísticas. Resultados: Os discentes de Engenharia Civil da PUC/GO são em sua maioria do sexo masculino (54%,) com idade entre 22 a 25 anos (57%) e possui renda entre um e dois salários mínimos (37%). A pesquisa demonstrou que os discentes possuem conhecimento pelo tema “sustentabilidade” e tiveram acesso nas IES a conteúdos que abordam o desenvolvimento sustentável. Porém, nem todos os futuros profissionais estão interessados em desenvolver habilidades pautadas nas diretrizes sustentáveis. A partir da análise das matrizes curriculares de 163 cursos de Engenharia Civil, verificouse que apenas (5,9%) das disciplinas, versam sobre a sustentabilidade, apresentando assim, a necessidade de mudanças da matriz curricular e das ementas nas disciplinas, as quais foram sugeridas neste trabalho. Conclusões: Esta pesquisa compreendeu que o estudante de Engenharia Civil se diz possuir pouco conhecimento para atuar em conformidade com o Desenvolvimento Sustentável (DS), e a maioria apropriou-se do tema no decorrer de toda sua formação como indivíduo e não necessariamente durante o curso de graduação. As informações obtidas nesta dissertação, associadas a outras pesquisas já realizadas sobre o tema, propõe às IES revisão de suas matrizes curriculares e conteúdos, proporcionando condições mais adequadas à aprendizagem destes futuros profissionais, em relação às questões do Desenvolvimento Sustentável.

O objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi investigar as contribuições das ouvidorias para as atividades da gestão e dos órgãos do sistema de governança corporativa das instituições bancárias, baseado na regulamentação brasileira. A fundamentação teórica contemplou as ouvidorias, as temáticas da governança corporativa e da responsabilidade social corporativa. Realizou-se um estudo descritivo e exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, segmentado em três etapas. Na primeira etapa, efetuou-se uma pesquisa de campo com coleta por questionário da opinião de 24 especialistas, possibilitando a proposição de um quadro analítico com 2 itens e 19 subitens emergentes da fundamentação teórica para caracterizar aspectos da gestão e da governança corporativa pertinentes às ouvidorias. Na segunda etapa, empregou-se o quadro proposto para analisar o conteúdo da documentação pertinente a 26 instituições bancárias da amostra intencional, selecionada por acessibilidade aos dados do 1º semestre de 2008 ao 1º semestre de 2011. Na terceira etapa, demonstrou-se a evolução dos assuntos de 1.377 reclamações pertinentes às ouvidorias das instituições da amostra, divulgadas pelo Banco Central do Brasil. Para o tratamento dos dados, foram empregadas a estatística descritiva, a estatística inferencial, com abordagem não paramétrica predominante, e a Análise de Correspondência Múltipla. Os principais resultados mostraram que o percentual de subitens presentes para as características de gestão foi 67,09% e para as características de governança corporativa foi 70,77%. Não houve diferenças significativas entre os referidos percentuais, mas foram constatadas diferenças ao segmentar tais instituições pelo porte, pelo tipo de controle e pelo tipo de listagem. Quanto às contribuições das ouvidorias para as atividades da gestão, foi divulgado que a ouvidoria implementa o atendimento em última instância e o tratamento de reclamações em 100% das instituições. Todavia, apurou-se, no período estudado, que instituições de porte muito grande em clientela e com controle público poderiam ter aprimorado o atendimento da ouvidoria, e instituições de porte médio e privadas nacionais poderiam ter aprimorado, entre outros assuntos, o prazo de resposta da ouvidoria. Foi divulgado que a ouvidoria pode propor melhorias de procedimentos e rotinas em todos os casos examinados, mas as proposições de melhoria não são respaldadas, apenas, em análises das reclamações recebidas de clientes e usuários, e podem ocorrer antes da oferta do produto. Quanto às contribuições das ouvidorias para as atividades dos órgãos do sistema de governança corporativa, houve evidências do reporte a respeito das ouvidorias para o conselho de administração, para auditoria interna, para comitê de auditoria e para auditoria independente, mas constatou-se, em geral, que os percentuais de divulgação das responsabilidades desses órgãos a respeito das informações reportadas pode ser aperfeiçoado. Este estudo apresenta uma aplicação original de técnica multivariada para auxiliar a interpretação de dados qualitativos a respeito das ocorrências de reclamações pertinentes às ouvidorias no setor bancário brasileiro, pode contribuir para a avaliação de políticas pertinentes à implementação das atribuições dessas ouvidorias que levem em conta variáveis de governança corporativa baseadas em práticas recomendadas pelo IBGC, pode colaborar para o entendimento da contribuição das ouvidorias para prevenção de riscos e pode subsidiar reflexões de clientes, usuários e demais partes interessadas na participação das ouvidorias, e dos órgãos do sistema de governança corporativa, em processos decisórios das instituições bancárias no Brasil. / The general aim of this research was to investigate the contributions of the ombudsman\'s offices for the activities of management and of the organs of corporate governance of banks, based on Brazilian regulation. The theoretical framework covered the ombudsman\'s offices, issues of corporate governance and corporate social responsibility. A descriptive and exploratory study was carried out with a qualitative and quantitative approach, divided into three stages. The first step was field survey with data collected by questionnaire on the opinion of 24 experts, which enabled an analytical framework to be constructed with 2 items and 19 sub-items emerging from the theoretical framework to characterize aspects of management and corporate governance relevant to the ombudsman\'s offices. In Step 2 we used the proposed framework to analyze the content of the documents relevant to 26 banks in the intentional sample, selected by accessibility to data from the 1st semester of 2008 to the 1st semester of 2011. Step 3 showed the evolution of issues of 1.377 complaints relevant to the ombudsman\'s offices for the institutions in the sample, provided by the Central Bank of Brazil. The data were processed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, with a predominantly non-parametric approach, and Multiple Correspondence Analysis. The main results showed that the percentage of sub-items present for the management features was 67.09% and for corporate governance features was 70.77%. There were no significant differences between these percentages, but differences were found when the institutions were divided by size, by type of control and type of listing. Regarding the contributions of the ombudsman\'s offices for management activities, it was reported that the ombudsman\'s office implements the last resort assistance and the complaint handling in 100% of the institutions. However, it was found in the period studied that institutions with a very large clientele and public control could have improved the ombudsman\'s office assistance, and mid-sized and private national institutions could improve, among other things, the response time of the ombudsman\'s office. It was reported that the ombudsman\'s office may propose improvements of procedures and routines in all cases examined, but the improvement proposals are not supported only in analyses of complaints received from customers and users, and they may occur before the product offering. With regard to the contributions of the ombudsman\'s offices to the activities of the bodies of the corporate governance system, there was evidence of reporting in relation to the ombudsman\'s offices to the board of directors, internal audit, audit committee and to the independent auditor, but it was found, in general, that the percentage of disclosure of the responsibilities of these bodies regarding the information reported could be improved. This study presents an original application of multivariate techniques to assist the interpretation of qualitative data about the occurrence of complaints relevant to the ombudsman\'s offices in the Brazilian banking sector, and can contribute to the evaluation of policies relevant to the implementation of the duties of these ombudsman\'s offices taking into account corporate governance variables based on best practices recommended by the IBGC. It may also contribute to understanding the contribution of the ombudsman\'s offices to the prevention of risk and can support reflections of customers, users and other stakeholders in the participation of ombudsman\'s offices and the bodies of the corporate governance system in the decision-making processes of banks in Brazil.

This dissertation aims to scrutinize the fractions of the Turkish middle class, based on Bourdieu&rsquo / s theory of social, cultural, economic capitals and habitus. Distinction among the fractions was identified through lifestyles and tastes via home furnishing and decoration. A quantitative field research was conducted in two towns of Ankara, the capital city of Turkey, namely Ke&ccedil / i&ouml / ren and &Ccedil / ankaya, and the data was collected by applying a detailed questionnaire on a sample that is not representative. The data was analysed with SPSS. The outcomes of factor and multiple correspondence analyses were formulated as four fractions of the Turkish middle class: Lower/bitter, Middle/resentful, Upper/contemptuous, and Well-off/happy middle class. The structural and material conditions, social-psychological utterances of the respondents and interviewees, survey results, field notes and observations as well as insights collected from furniture/decoration magazines provided the basis for defining and naming these subcategories. This categorization is an important step for further studies of lifestyles and tastes of the fractions. Lifestyles were defined as everyday habits/routines/activities, and tastes as selections/arrangements of furniture/accessories of everyday life objects. The finding of the dissertation is that the middle class(es) in Ankara is stratified within itself and these fractions have different lifestyles and tastes of their own: The well-off/happy fraction has an &lsquo / outgoing&rsquo / lifestyle, and &lsquo / legitimate/highbrow taste&rsquo / the upper/contemptuous fraction has a &lsquo / shopping mallcentred&rsquo / lifestyle, and &lsquo / middlebrow taste&rsquo / the middle/resentful fraction has an &lsquo / emulationcentred&rsquo / lifestyle and &lsquo / popular taste&rsquo / finally, the lower/bitter fraction has a &lsquo / &lsquo / stuck to home, family and neighbors&rsquo / lifestyle and &lsquo / taste of necessity&rsquo / .

Ένα από τα πιο αποτελεσματικά μέσα για την επιτυχία ενός προϊόντος είναι αναμφισβήτητα η Έρευνα Αγοράς (Market Research). Η έρευνα υλοποιείται σε αντιπροσωπευτικό δείγμα ενός συγκεκριμένου υπό μελέτη πληθυσμού, με απώτερο σκοπό να εξαχθούν συμπεράσματα από την ποσοτική στατιστική επεξεργασία και ανάλυση των δεδομένων σχετικά με τις απόψεις, τις στάσεις και τις συμπεριφορές που διαθέτουν οι καταναλωτές, τις τάσεις και τις προοπτικές ενός κλάδου, το μερίδιο αγοράς που αντιστοιχεί σε κάποιο προϊόν ή επίσης και τη γνώση που έχουν οι καταναλωτές όσον αφορά τη μάρκα ή την εικόνα ενός προϊόντος. Η στατιστική ανάλυση των αποτελεσμάτων επιτυγχάνεται με χρήση διαφόρων στατιστικών τεχνικών, ανάμεσα στις οποίες περιλαμβάνεται και η Ανάλυση Αντιστοιχιών (Correspondence Analysis). Η Ανάλυση Αντιστοιχιών (Correspondence Analysis) είναι μια διερευνητική τεχνική ανάλυσης δεδομένων που απεικονίζει γραφικά πίνακες συνάφειας και πολυμεταβλητά κατηγορικά δεδομένα, ενώ παράλληλα τις τελευταίες δεκαετίες έχει σημειώσει ταχύτατη εξέλιξη και ανάπτυξη. Η Ανάλυση Αντιστοιχιών βρίσκει εφαρμογή τόσο στην Έρευνα Αγοράς, ακριβώς λόγω της κατηγορικής φύσεως των δεδομένων που προκύπτουν σε έρευνες τέτοιου τύπου, όσο και γενικότερα στις κοινωνικές επιστήμες όπου συνήθως χρειάζεται ένα στατιστικό «εργαλείο» για να ελέγξει τις αντιστοιχίες- συσχετίσεις μεταξύ των μεταβλητών και να τις αποδώσει με τη βοήθεια ενός γραφήματος. Σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας είναι η θεωρητική, πρακτική και υπολογιστική επισκόπηση της συγκεκριμένης στατιστικής μεθόδου καθώς και η υλοποίησή της στα στατιστικά πακέτα SPSS & MINITAB, με τη χρήση κατάλληλων δεδομένων από τον τομέα της Έρευνας Αγοράς. Θα δοθεί έμφαση περισσότερο στην ερμηνεία των αποτελεσμάτων παρά στις μαθηματικές και τεχνικές λεπτομέρειες των διαδικασιών της εφαρμογής. / One of the most effective means for the success of a product is indisputably the Market Research. The research is conducted in a representative sample of a specific population under study with the aim to draw conclusions which are derived from the quantitative statistical processing and analysis of data on the opinions, the attitudes and behaviors that consumers have, the trends and the prospects of a branch, the market share which is corresponding to a product or also the knowledge that consumers have got as far as it concerns the brand or product image. The statistical analysis of the results is accomplished by using different statistical techniques including Correspondence Analysis. The Correspondence Analysis is an exploratory data analysis technique that depicts graphically contingency tables and multivariate categorical data, while the last decades it has made rapid progress and development. The Correspondence Analysis is applicable to Market Research, just because of the categorical nature of data obtained in researches of this type and generally in social sciences, where commonly a statistical tool is needed to check on the correspondences- correlations among the variables and yield them through a graph. The purpose of this study is the theoretical, practical and computational survey of this specific statistical method and its implementation in the statistical packages SPSS & MINITAB by using appropriate data from Market Research. Emphasis will be given more on the interpretation of results despite the mathematical and technical details of the method procedures.

Esta dissertação centrou-se sobre a questão: De que modo o volume de capitais econômico, cultural e escolar dos vestibulandos da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul influencia suas escolhas de curso de graduação. Para responder tal pergunta foi realizado um estudo quantitativo, utilizando o software SPSS versão 13.0. Foi selecionada uma amostra de 21 cursos de graduação do vestibular da UFRGS 2007. O modelo estatístico é formado por 8 variáveis explicativas relacionadas aos capitais econômico, cultural e escolar dos vestibulandos da UFRGS. A hipótese principal da dissertação afirma que os candidatos com alto volume de capitais econômico, cultural e escolar tendem a escolher os cursos de maior prestígio, mais concorridos e que dão acesso a profissões melhor remuneradas; e candidatos com baixo volume de capitais tendem a se inscrever, ao contrário, nos cursos menos prestigiados, menos concorridos e que formam para as profissões consideradas menos rentáveis. A hipótese acessória aponta a existência de um outro fator que exerce influência na escolha do curso superior que é a estrutura e a política institucionais. Os resultados empíricos apontaram para a confirmação das duas hipóteses. Há uma relação estatisticamente comprovada entre o volume de capitais do indivíduo e a escolha do curso de graduação. No entanto, no momento da escolha está também presente o aspecto institucional, ou seja, os incentivos e constrangimentos gerados pela instituição, e sua política referente, neste caso, ao acesso e inclusão de indivíduos com origens sociais distintas. Assim, a dissertação mostrou, por exemplo, que os cursos de Direito e Administração, considerados de alto prestígio, apresentam um perfil de candidato diferente a depender do turno em que é oferecido. O turno noturno atrai candidatos cujo volume de capitais econômico, cultural e escolar é mais baixo quando comparado ao seu equivalente diurno. Deste modo, é possível afirmar que além da influência do volume de capitais econômico, cultural e escolar, há um aspecto referente à estrutura e política institucionais que também interfere na escolha do curso de graduação. / This thesis has a central question: How the economic, cultural and academic capital of university applicants from Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul affects their choices of higher education degrees. To answer that question we made a quantitative analysis relying on the software SPSS 13.0. The research selected a sample of 21 degrees of Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. The statistical model has 8 independent variables to account for the applicants’ economic, cultural and academic capital. The main hypothesis is that applicants with a high level of economic, cultural and academic capital tend to choose the most disputed and prestigious degrees whereas applicants with a low level of capital are more likely to choose the less disputed and prestigious degrees. The second hypothesis is that there is an additional factor that has an impact on applicants’ choice of a higher education course, relative to the institutional dimension. The results confirm both hypotheses. There is a statistical correlation between the volume of economic, cultural and academic capital possessed by individuals and the choice of more prestigious degrees. However the institutional dimension is also present. For instance the study shows that Law and Administration degrees both attract different applicant profiles depending on whether classes are offered mainly at night or during daytimes. Night classes attract applicants with a lower volume of economic, cultural and academic capital as compared to applicants that choose to attend daytime classes. Therefore we can say that besides the influence of economic, cultural and academic capital there is an institutional dimension that also interferes with applicants’ choices.

Esta dissertação centrou-se sobre a questão: De que modo o volume de capitais econômico, cultural e escolar dos vestibulandos da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul influencia suas escolhas de curso de graduação. Para responder tal pergunta foi realizado um estudo quantitativo, utilizando o software SPSS versão 13.0. Foi selecionada uma amostra de 21 cursos de graduação do vestibular da UFRGS 2007. O modelo estatístico é formado por 8 variáveis explicativas relacionadas aos capitais econômico, cultural e escolar dos vestibulandos da UFRGS. A hipótese principal da dissertação afirma que os candidatos com alto volume de capitais econômico, cultural e escolar tendem a escolher os cursos de maior prestígio, mais concorridos e que dão acesso a profissões melhor remuneradas; e candidatos com baixo volume de capitais tendem a se inscrever, ao contrário, nos cursos menos prestigiados, menos concorridos e que formam para as profissões consideradas menos rentáveis. A hipótese acessória aponta a existência de um outro fator que exerce influência na escolha do curso superior que é a estrutura e a política institucionais. Os resultados empíricos apontaram para a confirmação das duas hipóteses. Há uma relação estatisticamente comprovada entre o volume de capitais do indivíduo e a escolha do curso de graduação. No entanto, no momento da escolha está também presente o aspecto institucional, ou seja, os incentivos e constrangimentos gerados pela instituição, e sua política referente, neste caso, ao acesso e inclusão de indivíduos com origens sociais distintas. Assim, a dissertação mostrou, por exemplo, que os cursos de Direito e Administração, considerados de alto prestígio, apresentam um perfil de candidato diferente a depender do turno em que é oferecido. O turno noturno atrai candidatos cujo volume de capitais econômico, cultural e escolar é mais baixo quando comparado ao seu equivalente diurno. Deste modo, é possível afirmar que além da influência do volume de capitais econômico, cultural e escolar, há um aspecto referente à estrutura e política institucionais que também interfere na escolha do curso de graduação. / This thesis has a central question: How the economic, cultural and academic capital of university applicants from Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul affects their choices of higher education degrees. To answer that question we made a quantitative analysis relying on the software SPSS 13.0. The research selected a sample of 21 degrees of Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. The statistical model has 8 independent variables to account for the applicants’ economic, cultural and academic capital. The main hypothesis is that applicants with a high level of economic, cultural and academic capital tend to choose the most disputed and prestigious degrees whereas applicants with a low level of capital are more likely to choose the less disputed and prestigious degrees. The second hypothesis is that there is an additional factor that has an impact on applicants’ choice of a higher education course, relative to the institutional dimension. The results confirm both hypotheses. There is a statistical correlation between the volume of economic, cultural and academic capital possessed by individuals and the choice of more prestigious degrees. However the institutional dimension is also present. For instance the study shows that Law and Administration degrees both attract different applicant profiles depending on whether classes are offered mainly at night or during daytimes. Night classes attract applicants with a lower volume of economic, cultural and academic capital as compared to applicants that choose to attend daytime classes. Therefore we can say that besides the influence of economic, cultural and academic capital there is an institutional dimension that also interferes with applicants’ choices.

nÃo hà / A presente DissertaÃÃo tem como objetivo analisar a pobreza sobre o aspecto unidimensional e Multidimensional no Nordeste, a partir da abordagem do Ãndice Multivariado de Pobreza (IMP) proposto por Asselin (2002). Especificamente, utiliza-se a tÃcnica multivariada de AnÃlise de CorrespondÃncia MÃltipla (ACM), que permite calcular o IMP. Com base nesse indicador à possÃvel encontrar a proporÃÃo de Pobres - FGT(0), Intensidade de Pobres - FGT(1) e Severidade da Pobreza - FGT(2). Foram utilizadas informaÃÃes das PNADs em 2009 e 2012. Os resultados permitiram concluir que a proporÃÃo de pobreza mensurada, empregando-se a anÃlise multidimensional para a regiÃo e os estados nordestinos, em 2009 e 2012, à superior aos resultados obtidos atravÃs da anÃlise unidimensional, utilizando-se os mesmos dados, mas, baseando-se, apenas, na variÃvel renda, conforme comumente, fundamentam-se os critÃrios da tÃcnica unidimensional. Desse modo, ficou evidenciado ser mais objetiva a utilizaÃÃo do mÃtodo multidimensional, para a anÃlise do problema, o qual, fundamentado em um nÃmero maior de variÃveis comuns ao objeto analisado, apresentou resultados mais contundentes para a definiÃÃo do nÃvel real de pobreza naquela populaÃÃo. / This dissertation aims to analyze poverty on the one-dimensional and multidimensional aspect in the Northeast, from the approach to Multivariate Poverty Index ( IMP ) proposed by Asselin (2002 ) . Specifically , we use the multivariate technique of Multiple Correspondence Analysis ( MCA) , which estimates the IMP . Based on this indicator it is possible to find the ratio of the Poor - FGT ( 0 ) , intensity Poor - FGT ( 1 ) and Severity of Poverty - FGT ( 2 ) . Information PNADs were used in 2009 and 2012 . The results showed that the proportion of measured poverty , using multidimensional analysis for the region and the northeastern states in 2009 and 2012 is higher than the results obtained by dimensional analysis , using the same data , but based it is only in equities , as commonly underlie the criteria of one-dimensional technique. Thus , it became evident to be more objective use of the multidimensional method for the analysis of the problem , which , based on a larger common to the object number of variables analyzed , showed strongest results for the definition of the real level of poverty in that population.

Esta dissertação centrou-se sobre a questão: De que modo o volume de capitais econômico, cultural e escolar dos vestibulandos da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul influencia suas escolhas de curso de graduação. Para responder tal pergunta foi realizado um estudo quantitativo, utilizando o software SPSS versão 13.0. Foi selecionada uma amostra de 21 cursos de graduação do vestibular da UFRGS 2007. O modelo estatístico é formado por 8 variáveis explicativas relacionadas aos capitais econômico, cultural e escolar dos vestibulandos da UFRGS. A hipótese principal da dissertação afirma que os candidatos com alto volume de capitais econômico, cultural e escolar tendem a escolher os cursos de maior prestígio, mais concorridos e que dão acesso a profissões melhor remuneradas; e candidatos com baixo volume de capitais tendem a se inscrever, ao contrário, nos cursos menos prestigiados, menos concorridos e que formam para as profissões consideradas menos rentáveis. A hipótese acessória aponta a existência de um outro fator que exerce influência na escolha do curso superior que é a estrutura e a política institucionais. Os resultados empíricos apontaram para a confirmação das duas hipóteses. Há uma relação estatisticamente comprovada entre o volume de capitais do indivíduo e a escolha do curso de graduação. No entanto, no momento da escolha está também presente o aspecto institucional, ou seja, os incentivos e constrangimentos gerados pela instituição, e sua política referente, neste caso, ao acesso e inclusão de indivíduos com origens sociais distintas. Assim, a dissertação mostrou, por exemplo, que os cursos de Direito e Administração, considerados de alto prestígio, apresentam um perfil de candidato diferente a depender do turno em que é oferecido. O turno noturno atrai candidatos cujo volume de capitais econômico, cultural e escolar é mais baixo quando comparado ao seu equivalente diurno. Deste modo, é possível afirmar que além da influência do volume de capitais econômico, cultural e escolar, há um aspecto referente à estrutura e política institucionais que também interfere na escolha do curso de graduação. / This thesis has a central question: How the economic, cultural and academic capital of university applicants from Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul affects their choices of higher education degrees. To answer that question we made a quantitative analysis relying on the software SPSS 13.0. The research selected a sample of 21 degrees of Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. The statistical model has 8 independent variables to account for the applicants’ economic, cultural and academic capital. The main hypothesis is that applicants with a high level of economic, cultural and academic capital tend to choose the most disputed and prestigious degrees whereas applicants with a low level of capital are more likely to choose the less disputed and prestigious degrees. The second hypothesis is that there is an additional factor that has an impact on applicants’ choice of a higher education course, relative to the institutional dimension. The results confirm both hypotheses. There is a statistical correlation between the volume of economic, cultural and academic capital possessed by individuals and the choice of more prestigious degrees. However the institutional dimension is also present. For instance the study shows that Law and Administration degrees both attract different applicant profiles depending on whether classes are offered mainly at night or during daytimes. Night classes attract applicants with a lower volume of economic, cultural and academic capital as compared to applicants that choose to attend daytime classes. Therefore we can say that besides the influence of economic, cultural and academic capital there is an institutional dimension that also interferes with applicants’ choices.