The main theme of this work is the local food and local multiplier, which is an indicator of sustainable development. The aim of this indicator and as well as this work is to determine how much local money stay in this area. By way of local food is outlined the impact of the economic localization on social, environmental and also economic aspects of sustainability. The theoretical part covers topics such as the Anthropocene, globalization, economic growth, localization and promotion of local food in the Czech Republic. Further is described the local multiplier and its use. The research includes a brief assessment of the situation of sales of local food in Pilsen and in particular, the calculations of local multiplier of farm shop in Pilsen. Furthermore this method and the results are evaluated. The thesis is combination of social and cultural ecology and Keynesianism with emphasis on the concept of the multiplier. Firstly, the aim is to calculate the value of the local multiplier and also evaluate the use of this tool. Since assuming positive influence of the farm shop on the local economy, the result of the indicator could be another argument for strengthening efforts in promoting local food and localization.

This thesis presents four-quadrant CMOS current-mode multiplier architectures based on the bipolar Gilbert cell multiplier architecture. Multipliers are designed using the CMOS subthreshold region to take advantage of the subthreshold exponential I-V relationship that closely matches bipolar modeling. It is discovered that biasing to remove drift current components and to address higher order effects such as ideality factor mismatch, threshold mismatch, body effect, and short channel effects, is important to provide a linear multiplier. It is also shown that distortion caused by device size mismatch and offset input currents can be used to cancel the distortion introduced by drift currents when designing in weak and moderate inversion. This concept allows for linear multiplier designs with larger input currents which results in dramatic improvements in bandwidth over traditional weak inversion circuits. Three multiplier circuits are simulated and fabricated in an AMIS 0.35-um process. Circuits with less than 1 % nonlinear error and distortion (THD) across 100 % dynamic input range and with bandwidths greater than 100 MHz can be built. Also, low power multiplier solutions are presented that consume less than 40 nW of dynamic power.

Three progressively larger statnamic lateral load tests were performed on a 2.59 m diameter drilled shaft foundation after the surrounding soil was liquefied using down-hole explosive charges. An attempt to develop p-y curves from strain data along the pile was made. Due to low quality and lack of strain data, p-y curves along the test shaft could not be reliably determined. Therefore, the statnamic load tests were analyzed using a ten degree-of-freedom model of the pile-soil system to determine the equivalent static load-deflection curve for each test. The equivalent static load-deflection curves had shapes very similar to that obtained from static load tests performed previously at the site. The computed damping ratio was 30%, which is within the range of values derived from the log decrement method. The computer program LPILE was then used to compute the load-deflection curves in comparison with the response from the field load tests. Analyses were performed using a variety of p-y curve shapes proposed for liquefied sand. The best agreement was obtained using the concave upward curve shapes proposed by Rollins et al. (2005) with a p-multiplier of approximately 8 to account for the increased pile diameter. P-y curves based on the undrained strength approach and the p-multiplier approach with values of 0.1 to 0.3 did not match the measured load-deflection curve over the full range of deflections. These approaches typically overestimated resistance at small deflections and underestimated the resistance at large deflections indicating that the p-y curve shapes were inappropriate. When the liquefied sand was assumed to have no resistance, the computed deflection significantly overestimated the deflections from the field tests.

<p>This thesis is funded by the IBM Center for Advanced Studies</p> / <p>A large number of scientific applications rely on the computing of logarithm. Thus, accelerating the speed of computing logarithms is significant and necessary. To this end, we present the realization of a pipelined Logarithm Computation Unit (LCU) in hardware that uses lookup table and interpolation techniques. The presented LCU supports single precision arithmetic with fixed accuracy and speed. We estimate that it can generate 2.9G single precision values per second under a 65nm fabrication process. In addition, the accuracy is at least 21 bits while lookup table size is about 7.776KB. To the best of our knowledge, our LCU achieves the fastest speed at its current accuracy and table size.</p> / Master of Science (MSc)

Transformations between different geodetic reference frames are often performed such that first the transformation parameters are determined from control points. If in the first place we do not know which of the numerous transformation models is appropriate then we can set up a multiple hypotheses test. The paper extends the common method of testing transformation parameters for significance, to the case that also constraints for such parameters are tested. This provides more flexibility when setting up such a test. One can formulate a general model with a maximum number of transformation parameters and specialize it by adding constraints to those parameters, which need to be tested. The proper test statistic in a multiple test is shown to be either the extreme normalized or the extreme studentized Lagrange multiplier. They are shown to perform superior to the more intuitive test statistics derived from misclosures. It is shown how model selection by multiple hypotheses testing relates to the use of information criteria like AICc and Mallows’ Cp, which are based on an information theoretic approach. Nevertheless, whenever comparable, the results of an exemplary computation almost coincide.

Transformations between different geodetic reference frames are often performed such that first the transformation parameters are determined from control points. If in the first place we do not know which of the numerous transformation models is appropriate then we can set up a multiple hypotheses test. The paper extends the common method of testing transformation parameters for significance, to the case that also constraints for such parameters are tested. This provides more flexibility when setting up such a test. One can formulate a general model with a maximum number of transformation parameters and specialize it by adding constraints to those parameters, which need to be tested. The proper test statistic in a multiple test is shown to be either the extreme normalized or the extreme studentized Lagrange multiplier. They are shown to perform superior to the more intuitive test statistics derived from misclosures. It is shown how model selection by multiple hypotheses testing relates to the use of information criteria like AICc and Mallows’ Cp, which are based on an information theoretic approach. Nevertheless, whenever comparable, the results of an exemplary computation almost coincide.

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Als interdisziplinäre Forschung verbindet diese Arbeit statistisches Lernen mit aktuellen fortschrittlichen Methoden, um mit hochdimensionalität und Nichtstationarität umzugehen. Kapitel 2 stellt Werkzeuge zur Verfügung, um statistische Schlüsse auf die Parameterfunktionen von Generalized Random Forests zu ziehen, die als Lösung der lokalen Momentenbedingung identifiziert wurden. Dies geschieht entweder durch die hochdimensionale Gaußsche Approximationstheorie oder durch Multiplier-Bootstrap. Die theoretischen Aspekte dieser beiden Ansätze werden neben umfangreichen Simulationen und realen Anwendungen im Detail diskutiert. In Kapitel 3 wird der lokal parametrische Ansatz auf zeitvariable Poisson-Prozesse ausgeweitet, um ein Instrument zur Ermittlung von Homogenitätsintervallen innerhalb der Zeitreihen von Zähldaten in einem nichtstationären Umfeld bereitzustellen. Die Methodik beinhaltet rekursive Likelihood-Ratio-Tests und hat ein Maximum in der Teststatistik mit unbekannter Verteilung. Um sie zu approximieren und den kritischen Wert zu finden, verwenden wir den Multiplier-Bootstrap und demonstrieren den Nutzen dieses Algorithmus für deutsche M\&A Daten. Kapitel 4 befasst sich mit der Erstellung einer niedrigdimensionalen Approximation von hochdimensionalen Daten aus dynamischen Systemen. Mithilfe der Resampling-Methoden, der Hauptkomponentenanalyse und Interpolationstechniken konstruieren wir reduzierte dimensionale Ersatzmodelle, die im Vergleich zu den ursprünglichen hochauflösenden Modellen schnellere Ausgaben liefern. In Kapitel 5 versuchen wir, die Verteilungsmerkmale von Kryptowährungen mit den von ihnen zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen zu verknüpfen. Wir verwenden charakteristikbasiertes spektrales Clustering, um Kryptowährungen mit ähnlichem Verhalten in Bezug auf Preis, Blockzeit und Blockgröße zu clustern, und untersuchen diese Cluster, um gemeinsame Mechanismen zwischen verschiedenen Krypto-Clustern zu finden. / As an interdisciplinary research, this thesis couples statistical learning with current advanced methods to deal with high dimensionality and nonstationarity. Chapter 2 provides tools to make statistical inference (uniformly over covariate space) on the parameter functions from Generalized Random Forests identified as the solution of the local moment condition. This is done by either highdimensional Gaussian approximation theorem or via multiplier bootstrap. The theoretical aspects of both of these approaches are discussed in detail alongside extensive simulations and real life applications. In Chapter 3, we extend the local parametric approach to time varying Poisson processes, providing a tool to find intervals of homogeneity within the time series of count data in a nonstationary setting. The methodology involves recursive likelihood ratio tests and has a maxima in test statistic with unknown distribution. To approximate it and find the critical value, we use multiplier bootstrap and demonstrate the utility of this algorithm on German M\&A data. Chapter 4 is concerned with creating low dimensional approximation of high dimensional data from dynamical systems. Using various resampling methods, Principle Component Analysis, and interpolation techniques, we construct reduced dimensional surrogate models that provide faster responses as compared to the original high fidelity models. In Chapter 5, we aim to link the distributional characteristics of cryptocurrencies to their underlying mechanism. We use characteristic based spectral clustering to cluster cryptos with similar behaviour in terms of price, block time, and block size, and scrutinize these clusters to find common mechanisms between various crypto clusters.

For radio frequency energy transmission, the conversion efficiency of the receiver is decisive not only for reducing sending power, but also for enabling energy transmission over long and variable distances. In this contribution, we present a passive RF-DC converter for energy harvesting at ultra-low input power at 868 MHz. The novel converter consists of a reactive matching circuit and a combined voltage multiplier and rectifier. The stored energy in the input inductor and capacitance, during the negative wave, is conveyed to the output capacitance during the positive one. Although Dickson and Villard topologies have principally comparable efficiency for multi-stage voltage multipliers, the Dickson topology reaches a better efficiency within the novel ultra-low input power converter concept. At the output stage, a low-pass filter is introduced to reduce ripple at high frequencies in order to realize a stable DC signal. The proposed rectifier enables harvesting energy at even a low input power from −40 dBm for a resistive load of 50 kΩ. It realizes a significant improvement in comparison with state of the art solutions

This work is devoted to investigating the algebraic and analytic integrability of first order polynomial partial differential equations via an understanding of the well-developed area of local and global integrability of polynomial vector fields. In the view of characteristics method, the search of first integrals of the first order partial differential equations P(x,y,z)∂z(x,y) ∂x +Q(x,y,z)∂z(x,y) ∂y = R(x,y,z), (1) is equivalent to the search of first integrals of the system of the ordinary differential equations dx/dt= P(x,y,z), dy/dt= Q(x,y,z), dz/dt= R(x,y,z). (2) The trajectories of (2) will be found by representing these trajectories as the intersection of level surfaces of first integrals of (1). We would like to investigate the integrability of the partial differential equation (1) around a singularity. This is a case where understanding of ordinary differential equations will help understanding of partial differential equations. Clearly, first integrals of the partial differential equation (1), are first integrals of the ordinary differential equations (2). So, if (2) has two first integrals φ1(x,y,z) =C1and φ2(x,y,z) =C2, where C1and C2 are constants, then the general solution of (1) is F(φ1,φ2) = 0, where F is an arbitrary function of φ1and φ2. We choose for our investigation a system with quadratic nonlinearities and such that the axes planes are invariant for the characteristics: this gives three dimensional Lotka– Volterra systems x' =dx/dt= P = x(λ +ax+by+cz), y' =dy/dt= Q = y(µ +dx+ey+ fz), z' =dz/dt= R = z(ν +gx+hy+kz), where λ,µ,ν 6= 0. v Several problems have been investigated in this work such as the study of local integrability and linearizability of three dimensional Lotka–Volterra equations with (λ:µ:ν)–resonance. More precisely, we give a complete set of necessary and sufficient conditions for both integrability and linearizability for three dimensional Lotka-Volterra systems for (1:−1:1), (2:−1:1) and (1:−2:1)–resonance. To prove their sufficiency, we mainly use the method of Darboux with the existence of inverse Jacobi multipliers, and the linearizability of a node in two variables with power-series arguments in the third variable. Also, more general three dimensional system have been investigated and necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained. In another approach, we also consider the applicability of an entirely different method which based on the monodromy method to prove the sufficiency of integrability of these systems. These investigations, in fact, mean that we generalized the classical centre-focus problem in two dimensional vector fields to three dimensional vector fields. In three dimensions, the possible mechanisms underling integrability are more difficult and computationally much harder. We also give a generalization of Singer’s theorem about the existence of Liouvillian first integrals in codimension 1 foliations in Cnas well as to three dimensional vector fields. Finally, we characterize the centres of the quasi-homogeneous planar polynomial differential systems of degree three. We show that at most one limit cycle can bifurcate from the periodic orbits of a centre of a cubic homogeneous polynomial system using the averaging theory of first order.