The study is intended to identify relevant channels and possibly biasing factors with respect to fiscal multipliers, and thus to contribute to improving the precision of multiplier forecasts. This is done by, first, defining the concept of the multiplier used in the present study, presenting the main theoretical channels of influence as discussed in the literature and the problems of empirical identification. Second, by conducting a meta-regression analysis on the reported multipliers from a unique data set of 1069 multiplier observations and the respective study characteristics in order to derive quantitative stylzed facts. Third, by developing a simple multiplier model that explicitly takes into account the time elapse of the multiplier process as an explanatory factor that has been largely overlooked by the relevant theoretical literature. Fourth, by identifying, for US macroeconomic time series data, the extent to which fiscal multiplier estimates could be biased in the presence of financial cycles that have not been taken into account by the relevant empirical literature.

Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Aus- und Fortbildung von Lehrkräften der beruflichen Bildung in Entwicklungsländern und leistet einen Beitrag zur Disziplin „Berufsausbildung in der Dritten Welt“, einer Disziplin der Berufspädagogik. Sie verbindet Aspekte der internationalen Berufsbildungszusammenarbeit aus deutscher Sicht mit Aspekten der vergleichenden Berufspädagogik, des internationalen Projektmanagements sowie der Didaktik und Methodik im Kontext der beruflichen Bildung. Im Mittelpunkt der Schrift steht eine empirische Untersuchung zur Aus- und Fortbildung von Lehrkräften der beruflichen Bildung in der Volksdemokratischen Republik Laos mittels eines nationalen in-service-trainingsystems, das durch deutsche und laotische Experten im Zeitfenster 2000-2003 erfolgreich und nachhaltig eingerichtet wurde. Das System mit der Bezeichnung „Multiplikatoren-Trainingssystem (MTS)“ basiert auf einem erprobten deutschen Konzept, das seine Transferfähigkeit in mehreren Entwicklungsländern bereits nachgewiesen hat.

[pt] Nesta dissertação, estratégias de modelagem são apresentadas envolvendo modelos de séries temporais lineares e não lineares para modelar a série do preço spot no mercado elétrico brasileiro. Foram usados, dentre os lineares, os modelos ARIMA(p,d,q) proposto por Box, Jenkins e Reinsel (1994) e os modelos de regressão dinâmica. Dentre os não lineares, o modelo escolhido foi o STAR desenvolvido, inicialmente, por Chan e Tong (1986) e, posteriormente, por Teräsvista (1994). Para este modelo, testes do tipo Multiplicador de Lagrange foram usados para testar linearidade, bem como para avaliar os modelos estimados. Além disso, foi também utilizada uma proposta para os valores iniciais do algoritmo de otimização, desenvolvido por Franses e Dijk (2000). Estimativas do filtro de Kalman suavizado foram usadas para substituir os valores da série de preço durante o racionamento de energia ocorrido no Brasil. / [en] In this dissertation, modeling strategies are presented involving linear and non-linear time series models to model the spot price of Brazil s electrical energy market. It has been used, among the linear models, the modeling approach of Box, Jenkins and Reinsel (1994) i.e., ARIMA(p,d,q) models, and dynamic regression. Among the non-linear ones, the chosen model was the STAR developed, initially, by Chan and Tong (1986) and, later, by Teräsvirta (1994). For this model, the Lagrange Multipliers test, to measure the degree of non linearity of the series , as well as to evaluate the estimated model was used. Moreover, it was also used a proposal for the initial values of the optimization algorithm, developed by Franses and Dijk (2000). The smoothed Kalman filter estimates were used in order to provide values for the spot price series during the energy shortage period.

The aim of my diploma thesis was based on evaluation of the offer of tourism services in towns Hluboka nad Vltavou and Trhove Sviny and their comparison with the wiew of contribution of tourism for the municipality and its budget. In the thesis there an offer of the tourism services is mapped, the impact of tourism on municipal budgets is analyzed and the tourism multiplier in both municipalities is set. As the output of the thesis is recomended to set a position of destination manager in Hluboka nad Vltavou, a position of project manager in Trhove Sviny and another minor remedies headed towards tourism develoment in Trhové Sviny.

The main aim of this work was comparing the supply side of tourism in selected cities (Trebon, Vodnany). After studying the literature was conducted situational analysis that led to the finding of supply of tourism in these cities. The next section was carried out field research in Trebon, who was elected as a city with a diverse range of tourism. In the evaluation of the field investigation and found the results were provided suggestions to improve the current situation in the city and has also designed a product package. The aim of this package is primarily the extension of the current range of supply of destination, increasing its attractiveness and extend visitors' stay in this destination. The package also offers reduced fees for students.

The goal of the thesis "The economic and social aspects of casinos and slot machines in the border areas" was to design an economically and socially beneficial policy towards gaming rooms and casinos in the area of the town Cheb. The work is divided into several parts. The first part deals with the experience of economic and social aspects of casinos and slot machines. In the practical part is described the situation of casinos, slot machines and gaming rooms in Cheb. Under the terms of economic factors of gambling was made the comparison of their incomes and expenditures, observations focused on tourism, the local multiplier calculation and proving the depending between unemployment and number of slot machines. In the section of social factors are characterized socio-pathological phenomena. In the last part there was suggested the policy for gambling in the town Cheb.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This thesis aims to present the design and development of an Energy Harvesting (EH) circuit applied to wireless sensor networks (WSN), especially those that perform functions in lighting systems, such as monitoring or control. The primary function of an Energy Harvesting system is to convert, condition and manage energy from an available source in the environment, in order to power low power consumption devices, which usually would be fed by batteries. The most used energy sources in EH systems are solar, wind, electromagnetic waves, mechanical vibration and thermal differences. Thus Energy Harvesting is an alternative to increase the autonomy or even eliminate the use of batteries for portable, implanted or remote located devices. Initially, an analysis of the most appropriate energy sources to power wireless sensors networks is performed, taking into aspects such as energy density, advantages and disadvantages. Subsequently, the proposed EH circuit is developed and tested. One of the specific objectives is that the EH proposed circuit is capable to being adapted for different energy sources. The proposed circuit consists of two stages, the first is a pre-amplifier and rectifier based on Villard multiplier. The second stage consists of a low-power boost converter with a synthesized inductor. The circuit is able to operate with minimum input voltages about 0.3 V, reaching maximum output of 5 V and 100mW of power. / A presente dissertação tem por objetivo apresentar a concepção e o desenvolvimento de um circuito Energy Harvesting (EH) aplicado a redes de sensores sem fio, notadamente aquelas que desempenham funções relacionadas a sistemas de iluminação, como por exemplo, monitoramento ou controle. A função primordial de um sistema EH é obter, converter, condicionar e gerenciar energia proveniente de uma fonte disponível no meio ambiente, de modo que esta alimente dispositivos de baixo consumo que usualmente seriam alimentados através de pilhas ou baterias. As fontes de energia mais empregadas para sistemas EH são solar, eólica, ondas eletromagnéticas, diferenças térmicas e vibrações mecânicas. Desse modo, Energy Harvesting é uma alternativa para o aumento da autonomia ou mesmo da eliminação do uso de baterias para dispositivos portáteis, implantados, ou dispositvos que se encontram locais remotos. Inicialmente, uma análise das fontes de energia mais propícias para a alimentação de uma rede de sensores sem fio é realizada, tendo em vista aspectos como densidade de energia, vantagens e desvantagens. Posteriormente, a topologia de circuito EH proposta é desenvolvida e testada. Um dos objetivos específicos é que o circuito EH proposto possa ser adaptado para diferentes fontes de energia. O circuito proposto é composto por dois estágios, o primeiro, é um pré-amplificador e retificador, baseado no multiplicador de Villard. O segundo estágio é composto por um conversor Boost de baixa potência, cuja indutância é sintetizada por meio de um circuito do tipo Gyrator. O circuito é capaz de operar com tensões de entrada mínima de 0,3 V, atingindo saída máxima de 5 V e 100 mW de potência.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:35:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Roberta.pdf: 2156845 bytes, checksum: 3eed76125c43c8e501bbd0706bba2a4f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In this dissertation we conducted a research of education of teachers for the use of digital technologies developed in the Nuclei of Educational Technology (NTE) of the State of Santa Catarina. Thus, we developed two actions: a) analysis of the academic production between years 2000 to 2008, theses and dissertations on the National Program for Information Technology in Education, specifically on the training offered in the NTE and the infrastructure available for this work, b) survey with multiplier educators that working in the thirty four NTE of the State of Santa Catarina, looking for investigate their educational degree, expectations and perspectives on their work and methodology for the conduct of educational courses for teachers to development skills in use of digital technologies. The data revealed that: a) much has been done, but there is still much to be done in the discussion and implementation of public policies that seek the effective integration of digital technologies at schools, b) As education of multiplier educators as the teachers must be within a context that in addition to the use of machine learning, pedagogically discuss the effective integration of various media within the school and its practice, c) there is a needing for discussion about the emergence of structural and curricular changes at scholar institutions with the introduction of digital technologies / Nesta dissertação realizamos um mapeamento das formações de professores para o uso das tecnologias digitais desenvolvidas nos Núcleos de Tecnologia Educacional (NTE) do Estado de Santa Catarina. Para tanto, desenvolvemos duas ações: a) levantamento da produção acadêmica do período 2000-2008, teses e dissertações, sobre o Programa Nacional de Informática na Educação (ProInfo), mais especificamente sobre a formação oferecida nos NTE e a infraestrutura disponível para a realização deste trabalho; b) pesquisa junto aos multiplicadores que atuam nos 34 NTE de SC, na procura de conhecer sua formação, expectativas e perspectivas em relação ao trabalho que realizam e a metodologia adotada para a realização dos cursos de formação para os professores desenvolverem competências no uso das tecnologias digitais . A análise dos dados evidencia que: a) muito se fez, mas há ainda muito mais a ser feito na discussão e implementação de política públicas que busquem a efetiva inserção das tecnologias digitais na escola; b) a formação tanto de multiplicadores, quanto de professores precisa estar dentro de um contexto que, para além do aprendizado da utilização da máquina, discuta pedagogicamente a efetiva inserção das diversas mídias dentro do contexto escolar e de sua prática; c) há necessidade de discussão acerca da emergência de mudanças estruturais e curriculares nas instituições escolares com a introdução das tecnologias digitais

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:34:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GeorgeILJ.pdf: 3263814 bytes, checksum: 78754f382a1cd83bfd17c24d33c0ba0c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-18 / This scientific study deals about the oil and natural gas production participation payment impact in the county of Governador Dix-sept Rosado, Rio Grande do Norte, between 1998 to 2004, applied to family income and property. To do so, this analysis focus on the ricardian?s theory exposition which merges from the concept of the mineral income, in concern to the legal establishment of royalties. This paper also shows the world evolution oil exploration, inserting Brazil in this scene as a oil and natural gas producter. It identifies the productive site of oil and natural gas in Rio Grande do Norte as the Potiguar Oil Area, characterizing its components in the demographic, physical and social aspects, to reflect in the focus point of observation which is the Governador Dix-sept Rosado county. The participation payment on oil and natural gas is demonstrated in a qualitative analysis both in Brazil as in Rio Grande do Norte. The payments given to the land owners in this federative unity are shown in the period of analysis of this essay. The study tells, based in a field research, the benefaction impact of the payment to the land owners over the income and property. The family income were highly impacted, causing economic social classes change to some land owners. The property had less or none impact. It was found negative externalities as the income utilization to other county uses, not causing a multiplier effect in the studied county. The fact of the not utilization of the properties on productive investments in order to supply the finite characteristic of oil and this source of royalties, contradicts one of the reasons of its establishment which is the payment for its productive exhaustion of a land resource / Este estudo cient?fico identificou o impacto da institui??o do pagamento da participa??o sobre a produ??o de petr?leo e g?s natural no munic?pio de Governador Dix-sept Rosado, Rio Grande do Norte, no per?odo de 1998 a 2004 sobre a renda familiar e a propriedade. Para isso, a an?lise centra-se na exposi??o te?rica ricardiana que deriva o conceito de renda mineral, consubstanciando o estabelecimento legal dos royalties. Mostra a evolu??o da explora??o petrol?fera no mundo, inserindo o Brasil nesse cen?rio como produtor de petr?leo e g?s natural. Identifica a regi?o produtora de petr?leo e g?s natural em terra como ?rea do Petr?leo Potiguar, caracterizando aspectos demogr?ficos, f?sicos, econ?micos e sociais para comparar com o foco da pesquisa, o munic?pio de Governador Dix-sept Rosado. O pagamento da participa??o sobre a produ??o de petr?leo e g?s natural e demonstrada quantitativamente no Brasil e no Rio Grande do Norte. Os pagamentos auferidos a propriet?rios de terra localizados nesta unidade federativa s?o mostrados no per?odo de an?lise deste trabalho. O estudo aponta, com base em pesquisa de campo, o impacto do pagamento do benef?cio aos propriet?rios de terra sobre a renda e a propriedade. A renda familiar foi extremamente impactada, causando mudan?a de classe econ?mica nos propriet?rios. A propriedade sofreu pouco ou quase nenhum impacto. Externalidades negativas como a utiliza??o da renda em consumo em outro munic?pio n?o geraram efeito multiplicador em Governador Dix-sept Rosado. O fato das propriedades n?o serem utilizadas para investimentos produtivos que venham suprir o car?ter finito do petr?leo e dessa modalidade de royalties, contradiz uma das premissas do seu estabelecimento que ? o pagamento pela exaust?o produtiva de um recurso da terra

Ce mémoire de thèse à été réalisée dans le cadre d'une collaboration scientifique avec "La Manufacture Française des Pneumatiques Michelin". Il porte sur l'analyse mathématique et numérique de la convergence et de la stabilité de formulations mixtes ou hybrides de problèmes d'optimisation sous contrainte avec la méthode des multiplicateurs de Lagrange et dans le cadre de la méthode éléments finis étendus (XFEM). Tout d'abord, nous essayons de démontrer la stabilité de la discrétisation X-FEM pour le problème d'élasticité linéaire incompressible en statique. Le deuxième axe, qui représente le contenu principal de la thèse est dédié à l'étude de certaines méthodes de multiplicateur de Lagrange stabilisées. La particularité de ces méthodes est que la stabilité du multiplicateur est assurée par l'ajout de termes supplémentaires dans la formulation faible. Dans ce contexte, nous commençons par l'étude de la méthode de stabilisation de Barbosa-Hughes appliquée au problème de contact unilatéral sans frottement avec XFEM cut-off. Ensuite, nous construisons une nouvelle méthode basée sur des techniques de projections locales pour stabiliser un problème de Dirichlet dans le cadre de X-FEM et une approche de type domaine fictif. Nous faisons aussi une étude comparative entre la stabilisation avec la technique de projection locale et la stabilisation de Barbosa-Hughes. Enfin, nous appliquons cette nouvelle méthode de stabilisation aux problèmes de contact unilatéral en élastostatique avec frottement de Tresca dans le cadre de X-FEM. / This Ph.D. thesis was done in collaboration with "La Manufacture Française des Pneumatiques Michelin". It concerns the mathematical and numerical analysis of convergence and stability of mixed or hybrid formulation of constrained optimization problem with Lagrange multiplier method in the framework of the eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM). First we try to prove the stability of the X-FEM discretization for incompressible elastostatic problem by ensured a LBB condition. The second axis, which present the main content of the thesis, is dedicated to the use of some stabilized Lagrange multiplier methods. The particularity of these stabilized methods is that the stability of the multiplier is provided by adding supplementary terms in the weak formulation. In this context, we study the Barbosa-Hughes stabilization technique applied to the frictionless unilateral contact problem with XFEM-cut-off. Then we present a new consistent method based on local projections for the stabilization of a Dirichlet condition in the framework of extended finite element method with a fictitious domain approach. Moreover we make comparative study between the local projection stabilization and the Barbosa-Hughes stabilization. Finally we use the local projection stabilization to approximate the two-dimensional linear elastostatics unilateral contact problem with Tresca frictional in the framework of the eXtended Finite Element Method X-FEM.