Introdução: O Método Pilates apesar de prática difundida, apresenta escassez de evidências que demosntrem sua eficácia. Objetivos: Verificar a adaptação cardiorrespiratória, antropométrica e parâmetros da aptidão física ao treinamento proporcionado pela prática do Método Pilates Clássico. Métodos: Participaram deste estudo quinze mulheres saudáveis (GP) as quais realizaram o treinamento no Método Pilates Clássico, durante 12 semanas, 3 vezes por semana e 13 controles saudáveis (GC) que mantiveram sua rotina de atividades. Foi avaliado consumo máximo de oxigênio, pressão arterial, peso, percentual de gordura, massa gorda, massa corporal magra, amplitude de movimento articular, flexibilidade, resistência muscular localizada (abdominais, membros superiores e membros inferiores) e equilíbrio dinâmico antes e após o treinamento para o GP e antes e após 12 semanas para GC. Ocorreu monitoramento da frequência cardíaca em cada sessão do treinamento para o GP. Resultados: O presente estudo demonstrou que houve redução no percentual de gordura (p < 0,001) e aumento da massa corporal magra (p < 0,001). A amplitude de movimento articular e a flexibilidade, avaliadas em todas as articulações, tiveram melhora (p < 0,001), assim como a ressitência msucular localizada (p < 0,001) e o equilíbrio dinâmico ( p = 0,001). Além disso, este é o primeiro ensaio clínico que demonstra melhora da capacidade funcional, avaliada pela medida do VO2 pico (p < 0,001). Conclusão: Os resultados apresentados sugerem que mulheres, previamente sedentárias, se beneficiaram com a melhora significativa da aptidão física, tanto parâmetros motores, quanto físicos, apresentando alterações significativas na composição corporal, na amplitude de movimento articular, na flexibilidade, na resistência muscular localizada e no equilíbrio dinâmico. Além disso, o incremento da capacidade funcional atavés do VO2 pico. / Introduction: Despite it widespread practice, the Pilates Method presents scarcity of relevant scientific evidence of justify its efficacy. Objectives: To present a comprehensive evaluation of the adaptations to cardiorespiratory parameters, anthropometric and physical fitness provided by the practice of the Pilates Method. Methods: Fifteen healthy participants (PG) who underwent training in the Classical Pilates Method for 12 weeks, 3 times a week were evaluated against 13 healthy controls (CG) who maintained their routine activities. Measurements of VO2 peak, blood pressure, weight, fat percentage, fat mass, lean body mass, range of movement, flexibility, muscular endurance (abdominal, upper and lower limbs) and dynamic balance before and after training for the PG, and before and after 12 weeks for CG were taken. Heart rate was monitoring at each training session for the PG. Results: The study showed that the exercises practiced resulted in a reduction in body fat percentage (p <0.001) and increased lean body mass (p <0.001). The range of motion and flexibility in all joints evaluated, reported improvement (p <0.001), as well muscle endurance (p <0.001) and dynamic balance (p = 0.001). Moreover, this is the first clinical trial that demonstrates improved functional capacity, assessed by measurement of VO2 peak (p <0.001). Conclusion: The results suggest that sedentary women obtain significant changes in body composition, joint range of movement, flexibility, muscular endurance and dynamic balance from practicing Classical Pilates Method 3 times a week. Furthermore, they increased the functional capacity through the VO2 peak.

Submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Masters’ Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Department of Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2014. / Background: Spinal manipulation has been shown to result in neurophysiological changes, most often noted in the paraspinal muscles. These effects have been associated with an increase in paraspinal muscle contractibility; it is unclear if this leads to an increase in paraspinal muscle endurance. Objectives: To determine the effect of sacroiliac joint (SIJ) manipulation compared to a placebo treatment of the SIJ on lumbar extensor muscle endurance time. Method: A randomised, placebo-controlled pre-test post-test experimental trial, involving 40 asymptomatic male participants divided into an intervention group receiving SIJ manipulation using an impulse adjusting instrument and a placebo group receiving a pre-load force without the delivery of an impulse thrust. Outcome measures were lumbar extensor muscle endurance time, surface electromyographic (SEMG) readings, lumbar spinal range of motion, paraspinal muscle length assessment and a subjective pain measurement. Results: There was a significant difference between the groups (p=0.004) with the SIJ manipulation group showing an increase in endurance time compared to the placebo group which showed a decrease. SEMG readings increased for both groups with no statistically significant difference between the groups (p>0.05). Only extension lumbar spinal range of motion significantly improved in both groups (p=˂0.001) with no significant differences between groups (p=0.876). Only one participant reported pain during the research procedure. Conclusions: SIJ manipulation may enhance the endurance of the paraspinal muscles. This study should be conducted in a larger sample to validate the findings.

Submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Masters’ Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Department of Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2014. / Background Spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) is a commonly used therapeutic modality. It has been shown that neuromuscular reflexes are elicited during spinal manipulation resulting in changes in the surrounding muscle tonicity and seen as changes in surface electromyography. Despite this little is known about the effect that SMT may have on muscle function. Increased maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) of the paraspinal muscles has been observed following lumbar SMT compared to a control and sham treatment; however its effect on muscle endurance has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of lumbar SMT compared to a placebo treatment on lumbar extensor muscle endurance in asymptomatic individuals. Method This study was a quantitative double blinded, pre-test and post-test placebo controlled experimental trial. Forty asymptomatic participants were randomly allocated to one of two treatment groups. One group received a single SMT applied to the L3 vertebrae and the other received the pre-load force of the SMT but no thrust. Subjective (a self-report of pain/discomfort while performing the Biering-Sorensen test) and objective [surface electromyography (sEMG), paraspinal muscle endurance time and lumbar spine range of motion] measurements were taken pre- and post-intervention. The latest version of SPSS version (IBM SPSS Inc.) was used to analyse the data. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Independent t-tests were used to compare means and two-way factor ANOVA (for repeated measures) was used to compare the change in the two time points between the two treatment groups (intervention and control). RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences between the intervention and placebo groups in terms of subjective reports of pain/discomfort and objective evidence of surface EMG readings, paraspinal muscle endurance time and lumbar spine range of motion.

Tyrimo pagrindimas: sportininkų judėjimo gebėjimai vyksta dalyvaujant paskutiniai grandžiai pėdos lenkiamiesiems ir tiesiamiesiems raumenims (Нечаев, 2011). Didelio meistriškumo graikų-romėnų imtynininkų raumenų kraujotakos mobilizacijos ir atsigavimo ypatybės yra artimesnės ištvermės sporto šakų atstovams nei sprinto grupės sportininkų ypatybėms. (Ežerskis, 2009). Tikslas- išanalizuoti skirtingos adaptacijos fiziniams krūviams vyrų ir merginų pėdų lenkiamųjų raumenų funkcinius ypatumus. Hipotezė: pėdos lenkiamųjų raumenų ištvermė priklauso nuo maksimalios valingos jėgos dydžių, kuo didesnė jėga, tuo mažesnė ištvermė. Metodai: dinamometrija, literatūros šaltinių studija, statistinė analizė. Aptarimas ir Išvados: dvikovos sportininkių, ištvermės ir greitumo jėgos atstovų tarpusavyje kairės ir dešinės kojos jėga nesiskyrė yra proporcingų dydžių. Ištvermės sportininkų vyrų pėdos lenkiamųjų raumenų kojų jėga buvo ženkliai didesnė už dvikovos, sporto šakų, tačiau mažesnė nei greitumo jėgos atstovų. Dvikovos sporto šakų sportininkių ir ištvermės atstovų bei greitumo jėgos sportininkų MRI rodikliai skyrėsi neženkliai, tačiau jėga buvo mažesnė Nuo jėgos dydžio priklauso ištvermės trukmė. Esant didesnei jėgai ištvermės trukmė mažėja. Pagal santykio MVJ/MRI reikšmes visos priklauso stajerio tipui. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti dvikovos sporto šakų moterų ir vyrų, pėdos lenkiamųjų raumenų maksimalios valingos jėgos dydžius. 2. Nustatyti dvikovos sporto šakų moterų ir vyrų, pėdos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Introduction: Atlete's movement depends on the activity of the foot flexor muscle strength and endurance. High craftsmanship Greco- Roman wrestlers muscle blood mobilization and recovery features are closer to endurance sports disciplines than sprint atlete properties. Aim: Analysis the different physical exertion adaptation of men and a girl's foot muscle flexion functional features. Hypothesis: foot flexor muscle endurance duel sport athletes are the same length as the representatives of the endurance strength but size was lager. Methods: dynamometry, literature study, a statistical analysis. Discussion and Conclusion: The duel athletes, endurance and speed power representatives each other left and right leg power is proportional not different sizes. Endurance representatives of men's foot flexor muscles leg strength was significantly higher than the duel sports, but less than the speed force representatives. Duel sport athletes and endurance representatives maximal muscle endurance characteristics differed slightly, but the force was smaller size of the force depends on endurance time. At higher power of endurance time decreases. According to the ratio of maximal voluntary contruction / maximal muscle endurance values all belong stajer type. Exploratory tasks : 1)set duel sports for men and women, foot flexion maximum voluntary muscle force figures. 2)Set duel sports for men and women, foot flexor muscle endurance for maximum muscle size. 3)Identify and analyze the duel... [to full text]

Introduction: Impaired isometric muscle strength and muscle endurance in adults with Fontan circulation has previously been reported. However, the knowledge if corresponding impairment is present in children and adolescents with Fontan circulation is scarce. Aim: The aim was to examine the isometric muscle strength and muscle endurance of the lower limbs in children and adolescents with Fontan circulation in comparison to age and sex matched controls. Method: In this cross-sectional study 43 children and adolescents (6-18 years) with Fontan circulation and 43 controls were included. Isometric knee extension and plantar flexion muscle strength was assessed using dynamometry (Newton:N). Unilateral isotonic heel-lift until exhaustion was used for evaluation of lower limb muscle endurance. Analysis on group level (n=43) and for the subgroups 6-12 years (n=18) and 13-18 years (n=25) was performed. Results: On group level the children and adolescents with Fontan circulation had impaired isometric plantar flexion strength for the left leg compared to controls (393.9±181.1N vs. 492.5±241.6N, p=0.04). In addition, they had impaired isometric knee extension strength bilaterally (right 222.8±101.1N vs. 293.0±164.9N, p=0.02, left 220.7±102.7N vs. 279.5±159.1N, p=0.05). In contrast, lower limb muscle endurance did not differ. In subgroup analysis, the impaired isometric strength was only present in the group of adolescents. Conclusion: Adolescents with Fontan circulation had impaired isometric muscle strength compared to controls. However, no corresponding differences were found in children. Further, lower limb muscle endurance did not differ. This implies that the impaired isometric muscle strength may develop during adolescence whereas the impaired muscle endurance may occur later. / Del av en multicenterstudie

The overall aim of this thesis was to identify valid, simple, and inexpensive physical tests that can be used for evaluation of firefighters’ physical work capacity. Paper I included fulltime- and part-time firefighters (n = 193), aged 20-60 years. Perceived physical demands of firefighting work tasks were ranked, and comparisons between subject groups rating were done with the Mann Whitney U-test and Binominal test. Papers II and III included male firefighters and civilian men and women (n = 38), aged 24-57 years. Laboratory and field tests of aerobic fitness, muscle strength and endurance, balance, and simulated firefighting work tasks were performed. Physical capacity comparisons between subject groups were done and bivariate correlations between physical tests and work capacity in the simulated firefighting work tasks analyzed. Paper IV included the same subjects as in Paper II-III (training-set), and additional 90 subjects (prediction-set), aged 20-50 years. Laboratory and field tests of aerobic fitness, muscle strength and endurance and balance, and simulated firefighting work tasks were included. Data from the training-set was used to build models for prediction of firefighters’ physical work capacity, using multivariate statistic. The prediction-set was used to externally validate the selected models. Several work tasks were rated as physically demanding and significant differences (p &lt; 0.05) in ratings were found between full-time and part-time firefighters (Paper I). Significant differences were found between subject groups in physical capacity, and work capacity (p &lt; 0.01) (Paper II-IV). Both laboratory and field tests were significantly (p &lt; 0.01) correlated with work capacity time (Paper II-III). The prediction (R2) and predictive power (Q2) of firefighters’ work capacity (Carrying hose baskets upstairs, Hose pulling, Demolition at or after a fire, Victim rescue, and Carrying hose baskets over terrain) was R2 = 0.74 to 0.91, and Q2 = 0.65 to 0.85, and the external validation ranged between R2: 0.38 to 0.80 (Paper IV). In conclusion, rowing 500 m (s), maximal handgrip strength (kg), endurance bench press (n), running 3000 m (s and s scaled to body weight) upright barbell row (n) and standing broad jump (m) together provides valid information about firefighters’ physical work capacity.

Thesis (PhD (Sport Science))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / The aims of this study were (1) to determine the effect of concurrent respiratory muscle training (RMT) on respiratory muscle (RM) function and aerobic exercise performance in women competitive field hockey players, (2) to determine the effect and time duration of RM detraining on RM function in those who underwent RMT, and (3) to determine the predictors of RM strength and endurance in an athletic population. Twenty two women hockey players underwent a series of kinanthropometric and respiratory muscle function measurements, and were then randomly assigned to an experimental group (EXP, n = 15) who underwent concurrent RMT, and a control group (CON, n = 7) who underwent sham training. Twenty subjects took part in the RM detraining study. Significant improvements in pulmonary function and RM endurance (5 – 9%) were found in both groups after the HT-RMT and HT-ST interventions, while EXP also showed a significant improvement in RM strength variables (13% in MIP, 9% in MEP). MEF50% was the only variable that showed a significant difference in the changes over time after 20 weeks of DT between EXP and CON. RM strength in both groups remained relatively unchanged over the DT period. RM endurance in both groups remained unchanged after 9 weeks of DT, but decreased significantly after 20 weeks of DT in EXP. It was concluded that the intensity and duration of both the HT-RMT and HT-ST programmes were adequate to elicit training adaptations in the RM. In both groups there was a complete reversal in lung volumes after 9 weeks and a tendency of a reversal in RM endurance after 20 weeks of DT. It is suggested that a RMT programme should be incorporated every 9 weeks in the training schedule of field hockey players, to maintain improved RM function.

Kūno šerdis (angl., „Core”) ir „jegos namai” (angl., „Power house”) yra pagrindiniai terminai naudojami pakaitomis, ne tik pilatese, tačiau ir medicinoje, bei sporte (Cech & Martin, 2002). Pilatesas tai yra viso kūno šerdies stiprinimas (Hodges & Richardson,1999; Nicholas et al, 1976). Kūno šerdies stabilizavimas yra efektyvus ir reabilitacijos ir sporto programose (Dudonienė, 2008; S. McGill ,2007; H.S. Rhee 2012; S.P. Kumar ,2011; ir kt.). Kibleris (2006) Cholevicki J. ir Van Viet J.J.T. (2002) mano, jog kūno šerdies raumenys yra vieni iš svarbiausių raumenų ir stabilizavimo pratimai gali būti efektyviausi kai apima visą juosmens raumenyną. Juosmens segmentų stabilumas yra svarbus kūno biomechanikos komponentas, kurio nepakankamumas gali turėti įtakos nugaros juosmeninės dalies skausmui atsirasti (Kumar; 2011 ). Teigiama, jog skersinio pilvo ir dauginio nugaros raumenys yra svarbiausi stabilizuojant stuburą (Allison et al., 2008). Ant nestabilių paviršių arba vienos galūnės pozicijose reikia didesnės kūno šerdies raumenų veiklos (Faries, 2007). Raktiniai žodžiai: Nugaros ir pilvo raumenų ištvermė, Pilateso metodas, stabilizuojantys pratimai, kūno šerdis. Tyrimo objektas: 4 mėn. trukmės stabilizuojančių pratimų poveikis moterų liemens raumenų ištvermei Tikslas: Nustatyti 4 mėn. trukmės stabilizuojančių pratimų poveikį moterų liemens raumenų ištvermei. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti ir palyginti moterų liemens raumenų ištvermę, prieš ir po 4 mėnesių stabilizuojančių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Body core and the power house is the main terms used interchangeably, not only pilates but also in medicine, and sports (Cech & Martin, 2002). Pilates is a total body core strengthening (Hodges & Richardson, 1999; Nicholas et al, 1976). Body core stabilization is effective and rehabilitation and sports programs (Dudonienė, 2008 , S. McGill , 2007, 2012 HS Rhee, SP Kumar , 2011 , and others. ) . Kibleris (2006) Cholevicki J. and Van Viet J.J.T. (2002) believe that the core muscles of the body are some of the major muscles and stabilizing exercises can be effective when covering the entire lumbar muscle. Lumbar segments of the stability of the biomechanics of the body is an important component of failure can affect spinal lumbar pain occur (Kumar, 2011). It is argued that cross multiple abdominal and back muscles are important in stabilizing the spine (Allison et al., 2008). On unstable surfaces or one limb positions requiring higher body core muscle (Faria, 2007). Key words: Back and abdominal muscle endurance, Pilates method, stabilizing exercises, body core . Subject: of the 4 months term stabilizing effect of exercise on trunk muscle endurance women Objective: Set of 4 months term stabilizing exercises on female torso muscle endurance. Tasks: 1. Identify and compare trunk muscle endurance of women before and after 4 months of stabilizing exercises targeting the Pilates method. 2. Set and compare trunk muscle endurance of women before and after 4 months of stabilizing... [to full text]

Tyrimo problema: nugaros skausmai — pagrindinė nedarbingumo ir negalios priežastis industrinėje visuomenėje. Sergant juosmens-kryžmens radikulopatija, kamuoja skausmas, apsunkinama kasdieninė veikla, mažėja pilvo ir nugaros raumenų jėga ir ištvermė. Siekdami padėti spręsti šią problemą, analizavome, kaip tradicinė kineziterapijos programa ir fiziniai pratimai su TerapiMaster įranga veikia darbingo amžiaus žmonių, sergančių juosmens-kryžmens radikulopatija, pilvo ir nugaros raumenų statinę ištvermę, skausmo intensyvumą bei jo įtaką kasdieninei žmogaus veiklai. Tyrimo objektas: skausmo, raumenų ištvermės ir nugaros skausmų įtakos tiriamųjų kasdieninei veiklai kaita, taikant skirtingas kineziterapijos programas. Tyrimo tikslas: palyginti tradicinės kineziterapijos ir pratimų su TerapiMaster įranga poveikį asmenims, sergantiems juosmens-kryžmens radikulopatija. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Įvertinti tradicinės kineziterapijos poveikį tiriamųjų skausmo intensyvumui ir kasdieninei veiklai. 2. Įvertinti tradicinės kineziterapijos poveikį tiriamųjų pilvo ir nugaros raumenų statinei ištvermei. 3. Įvertinti pratimų su TerapiMaster įranga poveikį tiriamųjų skausmo intensyvumui ir kasdieninei veiklai. 4. Įvertinti pratimų su TerapiMaster įranga poveikį tiriamųjų pilvo ir nugaros raumenų statinei ištvermei. 5. Palyginti abiejų kineziterapijos metodų poveikį. Išvados: 1. Po 16 tradicinės kineziterapijos procedūrų tiriamųjų skausmo intensyvumas ir neigiama nugaros skausmo įtaka kasdieninei... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Problem of study: low back pain is the main cause of absenteeism and disability in every industrialized society. People, who have lumbar-sacral radiculopathy, suffer from pain, it becomes hard for them to perform daily activities, and the abdominal and back muscles strength and endurance are also decreased. The effect of conventional physiotherapy program and physical exercises with TerapiMaster equipment on abdominal and back muscles static endurance, pain intensity and every day activities of middle-aged people, who have lumbar-sacral radiculopathy, were analyzed in this study. Object of study: the change of pain, muscle endurance and back pain influence on daily activities, applying different physiotherapy programs. Aim of study: to compare the influence of conventional physiotherapy and exercises with TerapiMaster equipment for patients with lumbar-sacral radiculopathy. Goals of study: 1. To evaluate effect of conventional physiotherapy on pain intensity and daily activities. 2. To evaluate effect of conventional physiotherapy on the abdominal and back muscles static endurance. 3. To evaluate effect of physical exercises with TerapiMaster equipment on pain intensity and daily activities. 4. To evaluate effect of physical exercises with TerapiMaster equipment on the abdominal and back muscles static endurance. 5. Compare the effect of both physiotherapy methods. Conclusions: 1. After 16 procedures of conventional physiotherapy the pain intensity and negative influence... [to full text]

Darbo tikslas: Įvertinti liemens raumenų ištvermės ir statinės pusiausvyros rodiklių sąsajas asmenims, jaučiantiems lėtinį apatinės nugaros dalies skausmą. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Įvertinti liemens raumenų ištvermę prieš ir po reabilitacinio gydymo taikant stuburo stabilizacinę funkciją gerinančius pratimus. 2. Įvertinti statinę pusiausvyrą ir skausmo intensyvumą prieš ir po reabilitacinio gydymo taikant stuburo stabilizacinę funkciją gerinančius pratimus. 3. Nustatyti liemens raumenų ištvermės, statinės pusiausvyros ir skausmo intensyvumo rodiklių sąsajas prieš ir po reabilitacinio gydymo taikant stuburo stabilizacinę funkciją gerinančius pratimus. Tiriamųjų kontingentas: Tyrime dalyvavo viena tiriamoji grupė, kurios narių skaičius buvo 29 pacientai: 11 vyrų ir 17 moterų; 1 tiriamasis tyrimo neužbaigė, kadangi gydymo eigoje atsisakė jame dalyvauti. Tiriamųjų amžiaus vidurkis buvo 46.32±0,92 metai ir svyravo intervale nuo 38 iki 55 metų. Tyrime taikyti metodai: Statinis nugaros tiesiamųjų raumenų ištvermės vertinimas pagal Ito (1996) ir McIntoch (1998) testus; Statinės pilvo lenkiamųjų raumenų ištvermės vertinimas pagal McIntoch (1998) ir McGill (2002) testus; Statinės šoninių liemens raumenų ištvermės vertinimas pagal McGill (2002) testą; Skausmo intensyvumas vertintas skaitmenine analogijos skale; Statinė pusiausvyra vertinta „Sigma Balance“ platforma. Rezultatai ir išvados: įvertinus liemens raumenų ištvermę, statinę pusiausvyrą ir skausmo intensyvumą prieš ir po... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Aim of the thesis is to evaluate correlation between trunk muscle endurance and indicators of static balance for people suffering from chronic low back pain. Goals of the thesis: 1. Assess trunk muscle endurance before and after rehabilitative treatment that involves spine stabilization exercises. 2. Assess static balance and intensity of pain before and after rehabilitative treatment that involves spine stabilization exercises. 3. Determine the correlation between trunk muscle endurance and indicators of static balance and pain intensity before and after rehabilitative treatment that involves spine stabilization exercises. Research group: the research was performed using a single research group that involved 29 patients: 11 men and 17 women; 1 subject refused continuing participation in the research in the course of the treatment. The average age of the subjects was 46.32±0.92 years and varied in the interval from 38 to 55 years. Methods applied in the research: evaluation of static endurance of the trunk extensor muscles applying Ito, (1996) and McIntoch (1998) tests; evaluation of static endurance of the abdominal flexors applying McIntoch (1998) and McGill (2002) tests; evaluation of static endurance of the lateral trunk muscles applying McGill (2002) tests; Pain intensity was evaluated using digital analogue scale; Static balance was assessed using balance platform SIGMA. Results and conclusions: after assessing the endurance of trunk muscles, static balance and pain... [to full text]