Dans ce travail, je chercherai à montrer l'intérêt d'une approche phylomémétique des mythes dans la perspective d’une reconstruction du peuplement de l’Afrique et du globe sur la très longue durée. Après une présentation historique de cette approche méthodologique, je soutiendrai que les mythes forment une classe, distincte et largement indépendante, de réplicateurs culturels dont le comportement et la fidélité peuvent rivaliser avec ceux des gènes et des langues, et montrerai qu'il est possible d’appliquer des outils informatiques utilisés en biologie à des familles de mythes ou de traditions orales pour tenter de répondre à des questions portant sur l'histoire des peuples et de leurs migrations, ou encore pour contribuer à l’interprétation des vestiges archéologiques. Je discuterai des objections communes à l'application de la modélisation phylogénétique aux mythes et mettrai en évidence l'extrême lenteur évolutive de certains d'entre eux. J’établirai ensuite une corrélation entre la diffusion des mythes et celle des gènes, ce qui me conduira à proposer, grâce à la construction d'arbres phylogénétiques, un modèle de diffusion des peuples en Afrique et à travers le monde. La forme première de plusieurs récits ou traditions orales, parfois antérieurs à la sortie d'Afrique, pourra ainsi être retrouvée, en même temps qu’un éclairage sur la signification de certains vestiges archéologiques – incluant l’art rupestre – pourra être apporté. Les résultats obtenus apparaissent solides, notamment du fait qu'ils résistent aux changements de corpus et de méthode, tout en demeurant cohérents avec ceux provenant d’autres approches. / In this dissertation, I will try to show you the interest of a phylomemetic approach of myths in the perspective of a reconstruction of the settlement of Africa, and of the globe over longterm.After an historical presentation of this methodological approach, I will argue that the myths form a distinct and largely independent class of cultural replicators whose behaviour and fidelity can rival those of genes and languages, and show that it is possible to apply computer tools used in biology to families of myths or oral traditions in an attempt to answer questions about the history of people and their migrations, or to contribute to the interpretation of archaeological remains.I will discuss common objections to the application of the phylogenetic model of myths, and highlight the extreme slowness of evolution for some of them. I will then establish a correlation between myths and gene diffusion, thanks to the construction of phylogenetic trees, a model of diffusion of peoples inside Africa and throughout the world.The first form of several oral narratives or traditions, sometimes existing prior to the Out-of-Africa process, can thus be found at the same time as a clarification on the meaning of certain archaeological remains including rock art can be brought. Results appear solid, in particular because they resist changes in the corpus and method and remain consistent with those from other approaches.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal / Pour respecter les droits d'auteur, la version électronique de cette thèse ou ce mémoire a été dépouillée, le cas échéant, de ses documents visuels et audio-visuels. La version intégrale de la thèse ou du mémoire a été déposée au Service de la gestion des documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

La Corne de l’Afrique comme le reste du continent noir possède une littérature orale traditionnelle riche et variée, qui va de la mythologie pastorale à la poésie en passant par la légende et le conte. Avec les bouleversements sociaux intervenus avec l’arrivée des colons européens et l’introduction de l’écriture, la chaîne de transmission de la tradition orale est menacée. De nombreux Européens ont cherché à décrire les us et coutumes de ces populations. D’autre part, les écrivains de la Corne de l’Afrique s’inspirent souvent de l’oralité en lui octroyant ainsi une nouvelle virginité. Le présent travail de recherche s’efforce de rendre compte des formes traditionnelles de l’oralité et de leur impact sur la littérature moderne. / The Horn of Africa has a traditional oral literature which is rich and varied as the rest of the continent, starting from pastoral mythology to poetry, legend and storytelling. But with the social upheaval which occurred with the arrival of European settlers and the introduction of writing, the chain of transmission of the oral tradition is threatened. Many Europeans have sought to describe the habits and customs of these people. Whereas on the other hand, the writers from the Horn of Africa are often inspired by giving it (orality) and a new way of doing it. The following research work strives to reflect traditional forms of orality and their impact on modern literature.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-10-04T16:56:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavia Suzue de Mesquita Ikeda.pdf: 899072 bytes, checksum: 501241e651da0c493c67da07e2cecd0f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-04T16:56:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavia Suzue de Mesquita Ikeda.pdf: 899072 bytes, checksum: 501241e651da0c493c67da07e2cecd0f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-30 / The main objective of this dissertation is to investigate the construction of senses in televised images from the so-called “C class”, especially on Globo TV channel. That interests how, from the appropriation and denomination of a deprived sociological sense of class, the TV station has contributed and fixed images related to this audience. The study is guided by the concept of myth which is offered by Roland Barthes in his semiological analyses of discourse and mass culture. The mythical speech can understand writings or representations and all media that can suit as a support, as far as the naturalisation of ideologies and social practices are observed. Authors from different theoretical perspectives, who are relevant to this proposal, are investigated. Television is approached from its insertion in cultural industry, according to references from critical theory, bearing in mind its important role to the formation of a common repertoire towards different classes, areas and groups concerning a debate about reality. It is highlighted that television had developed itself linked to social, economic and political transformations that have influenced not only its technical evolution, but also its content and discourses. This dissertation involves a retrospective through moments of our television history, searching intersections between the content and televised outreach, plus increase, maintenance or transformation of consumer market at certain moments, based on authors such as Hamburger, Ortiz, Bucci and Motter, among others. We emphasize images formulated in fiction from patterns of collective consciousness about Brazilians. The interest is to reflect about the way such figures are activated in imagination about urban and regional outskirts, contributing to constructions related to this “C class”. Texts from Marcelo Neri that specifically deal with this “C class” and search to locate the group in terms of the “new middle class” are summoned to oppose authors such as Jessé Souza and Márcio Pochmann. At Globo, the symbolic recognition of the existence of this “new middle class” has been reflected in humorous, fictional and news programs. We consider the years of 2011 and 2012, when the “C class” theme at this TV station lined not only the press, but also arose researchers’ interest, those who were involved in television studies, mostly soap operas. For analysis, we scrutinize the soap opera called “Cheias de charme”, that had stood out in the time period mentioned above because of its formal and content elaboration related to the “Class C”, besides the recent ideas of modernization and social transformation / O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar a construção de sentidos nas imagens da chamada “classe C” na TV, em especial na Globo. Interessa como, a partir da apropriação de denominação de classe esvaziada de sentido sociológico, a emissora tem contribuído para criar e fixar imagens referentes a esse público. O estudo é norteado pelo conceito de mito oferecido por Roland Barthes em suas análises semiológicas dos discursos da cultura de massas. A fala mítica pode compreender escritas ou representações, e todas as mídias podem servir de suporte, na medida que se observe a naturalização das ideologias e práticas sociais. Recorremos a autores de diferentes frentes teóricas pertinentes à proposta. A televisão é abordada a partir da inserção na indústria cultural, conforme referências da teoria crítica, tendo em vista seu importante papel para a formação de um repertório comum a diferentes classes, regiões e grupos e para o debate da realidade. Destaca-se que a TV se desenvolveu imbricada a transformações sociais, econômicas e políticas que influenciaram sua evolução técnica, mas também conteúdos e discursos. Operamos uma retrospectiva mediante seleção de momentos da história da nossa televisão, buscando interseções entre o conteúdo e alcance televisivos e a ampliação, manutenção ou transformação de mercado consumidor em dados momentos, a partir de autores como Hamburger, Ortiz, Bucci e Motter, entre outros. Sublinhamos imagens formuladas na ficção a partir de padrões da consciência coletiva sobre o brasileiro. O interesse é refletir como tais figuras são acionadas no imaginário sobre as periferias urbanas e regionais, contribuindo para as construções relativas à "classe C". Convocamos textos que tratam especificamente da “classe C” e buscam situar o grupo em termos de “nova classe média", como Marcelo Neri, contrapondo a autores como Jessé Souza e Márcio Pochmann. Na Globo, o reconhecimento simbólico da existência de uma "nova classe média", refletiu em programas de humor, ficção e jornalismo. Ressaltamos os anos de 2011 e 2012, quando o tema da “classe C” na emissora pautou não só a imprensa, mas também despertou o interesse de pesquisadores envolvidos nos estudos de televisão, sobretudo de ficção teledramatúrgica. Para análise, abordamos especificamente a telenovela Cheias de Charme, que destacou-se no período citado por elaborações formais e de conteúdo relacionadas à "classe C" e às ideias de modernização e transformações sociais recentes

A presente pesquisa teve como objeto de estudo o estudo dos mitos e dos gêneros da literatura oral africanos e afro-brasileiros. A questão que orientou a nossa investigação é a seguinte: Quando se valoriza a afirmação cultural e identitária no processo escolar como um todo a escola passa a ser menos reprodutora das estruturas sociais atuais? A mesma teve como objetivos: identificar, discutir e averiguar a importância da afirmação cultural e identitária no processo a partir do estudo dos mitos africanos e afro-brasileiros utilizando como objeto de estudo os gêneros da literatura oral africana e afro-brasileira a fim de ressaltar a relevância da lei 10639/03 na educação brasileira. O referencial teórico deste trabalho foi composto pelos seguintes autores:Bourdieu, Winnicottn, Joseph Campbell, Charlot , Lahire, Jean Biarnès, Abadi, Antonio Risério, Sikiru Salami , Juarez Xavier, Nilce da Silva, Ivan da Silva Poli. Os sujeitos que participaram desta investigação foram os professores e alunos da Escola do Ile de Opo Afonjá de Salvador A metodologia de pesquisa utilizada para a construção do capítulo da pesquisa de campo foi qualitativa com características dos espaços de criação (cf. Winnicott, 2002, 2000 e 1990), Biarnès (1999) e Silva (2002). / The present research had as study object the study of myths and genres from African-Brazilian and African oral literature. The question that guided our research is the following: When cultural and identitary affirmation is valorized in the school process as a whole school becomes less reproductive of current social structures? These research had as goals to: identify, assess and discuss the importance of cultural and identity affirmation in the process from the study of African myths and African-Brazilian using as the object of study of African oral literature genres and African-Brazilian in order to emphasize the relevance of the Law 10639/03 in Brazilian education. The theoretical framework of this study was composed of the following authors: Bourdieu, Winnicottn, Joseph Campbell, Charlot , Lahire, Jean Biarnès, Abadi, Antonio Risério, Sikiru Salami , Juarez Xavier, Nilce da Silva, Ivan da Silva Poli. The subjects who participated in this investigation were the teachers and pupils of the Ile Opo Afonjá of Salvador. The research methodology used for the construction of the chapter of the field research was qualitative featuring the \'creative spaces\' (cf. Winnicott, 2002 , 2000 and 1990) Biarnes (1999) and Silva (2002).

A presente pesquisa teve como objeto de estudo o estudo dos mitos e dos gêneros da literatura oral africanos e afro-brasileiros. A questão que orientou a nossa investigação é a seguinte: Quando se valoriza a afirmação cultural e identitária no processo escolar como um todo a escola passa a ser menos reprodutora das estruturas sociais atuais? A mesma teve como objetivos: identificar, discutir e averiguar a importância da afirmação cultural e identitária no processo a partir do estudo dos mitos africanos e afro-brasileiros utilizando como objeto de estudo os gêneros da literatura oral africana e afro-brasileira a fim de ressaltar a relevância da lei 10639/03 na educação brasileira. O referencial teórico deste trabalho foi composto pelos seguintes autores:Bourdieu, Winnicottn, Joseph Campbell, Charlot , Lahire, Jean Biarnès, Abadi, Antonio Risério, Sikiru Salami , Juarez Xavier, Nilce da Silva, Ivan da Silva Poli. Os sujeitos que participaram desta investigação foram os professores e alunos da Escola do Ile de Opo Afonjá de Salvador A metodologia de pesquisa utilizada para a construção do capítulo da pesquisa de campo foi qualitativa com características dos espaços de criação (cf. Winnicott, 2002, 2000 e 1990), Biarnès (1999) e Silva (2002). / The present research had as study object the study of myths and genres from African-Brazilian and African oral literature. The question that guided our research is the following: When cultural and identitary affirmation is valorized in the school process as a whole school becomes less reproductive of current social structures? These research had as goals to: identify, assess and discuss the importance of cultural and identity affirmation in the process from the study of African myths and African-Brazilian using as the object of study of African oral literature genres and African-Brazilian in order to emphasize the relevance of the Law 10639/03 in Brazilian education. The theoretical framework of this study was composed of the following authors: Bourdieu, Winnicottn, Joseph Campbell, Charlot , Lahire, Jean Biarnès, Abadi, Antonio Risério, Sikiru Salami , Juarez Xavier, Nilce da Silva, Ivan da Silva Poli. The subjects who participated in this investigation were the teachers and pupils of the Ile Opo Afonjá of Salvador. The research methodology used for the construction of the chapter of the field research was qualitative featuring the \'creative spaces\' (cf. Winnicott, 2002 , 2000 and 1990) Biarnes (1999) and Silva (2002).

An exploration of the mythologized narratives that the work and lives of Conceptual artists Bas Jan Ader, Ana Mendieta, and Francis Alÿs have created and inspired. By virtue of their biographies, the fetishization of their personalities, and the ways in which this anecdotal information can be read in their work, mythologized narratives have been constructed, allowing for a prolonged interest existing within and without the confines of the art world. These mythologies come together as part of the oral tradition of the art world, a chronicling of narratives that incites continued interest for future generations.

W. E. B. Du Bois‘ legendary reflections on the ―peculiar sensation, this double-consciousness, this sense of always looking at one‘s self through the eyes of others‖ has been applied almost exclusively to the souls of African American people (Du Bois 1903). This thesis shows how the concept of double-consciousness is alive in the stories told by Native Americans. I draw upon data from two websites that have recorded the stories told by ―exemplary indigenous elders, historians, storytellers and song carriers‖ and their oral traditions that serve the ―purpose of cultural preservation, education, and race reconciliation‖ (Wisdom of the Elders, 2009). From that population, I chose one hundred and three stories for my sample in this study. Employing qualitative methodology – thematic analysis, grounded theory, and narrative analysis - I examine these stories for the ways in which they claim to present a more satisfying identity for Native people than the myths, formula stories, and stereotypes of Native Americans that circulate through the dominant culture. They construct subversive stories that arise from their double-consciousness and challenge hegemonic concepts of Native identity, nature, and knowledge. This research will begin to fill the large gap in sociological literature on Native Americans in general and Native Americans in particular, while offering a novel application of ―double-consciousness,‖ a foundational concept in critical race theory.

Diploma thesis Mythological motives in Nikkarin's comics trilogy 130 is one of the few Czech theoretical works that focus on the analysis of myths in contemporary Czech sci-fi comics. It applies semiological analysis to the still-unfinished tetralogy 130 (Odysea, Hodní, zlí a oškliví and Čas hvězdoplavců) by the young artist and writer Nikkarin, aiming to decipher mythological contents and describe the basic theoretical framework for their further exploration. The interpretation of the books is preceded by a section focused on the history of sci-fi comics in the Czech environment. The thesis is based on the hypothesis that the use of myths in the comic series 130 is deliberate. At the same time, the validity of the discovered myths is not limited to sci-fi comics, as they can often be found in other genres and on other platforms. One of the aims of the thesis is to discover such intermedial overlaps. An indispensable part of the diploma thesis is also the reflection of the series 130 in the Czech media, focusing among other things on the ability of the reviewers to decipher the hidden meanings.

"In From Eden to Dystopia: An Ecocritical Examination of Emergent Mythologies" "in Early Los Angeles Literary Texts, ecocriticism and critical regionalism were utilized" "alongside other American Studies practices to analyze nineteenth- and early-twentieth-" "century depictions of nature in Los Angeles. Specifically, these tools were applied to" "travel guides and narratives of the 1870s and 1880s, the turn-of-the-century magazine" "The Land of Sunshine, Upton Sinclair’s Oil! (1926) and Raymond Chandler’s The Big" "Sleep (1939), and other non-fiction publications of the 1920s and ’30s to track an" "evolving narrative of Los Angeles as a paradise and later as a place perched on the edge" "of ecological ruin. Key themes included nature as aesthetic or health-related amenity vs." "exploitable resource, along with both subtle and overt class- and race-based" "environmental exclusions. The chief aim of this thesis was to elucidate how Los Angeles" "went from a “new Eden for the Saxon home-seeker” to the place where its river was" "paved with cement and virtually forgotten for decades. This thesis concluded that with" "the Los Angeles River’s recent revitalization efforts, there could be future gains made for" "other aspects of the city’s environment, with the hope that uncovering past idea-shaping" "narratives of nature in Los Angeles may help illuminate how current ideas of Los" "Angeles as a place without nature came to be and how that city-versus-nature dichotomy" "can be both damaging and false."