Diploma thesis deals with the implementation of LTE Cat-M1 technology in simulator NS--3 (Network Simulator 3). The theoretical part of the thesis summarizes key terms concerning IoT (Internet of Things), M2M (Machine-to-Machine) communication, LTE (Long Term Evolution) and LPWA (Low-Power Wide Area) networks. The practical part summarizes the possibilities of currently available modules for cellular technologies for NS-3, ie. the LENA module and the subsequent extension of LENA+ and ELENA. Simulation scenarios offer a comparison of LTE/LTE-A and LTE Cat-M1 (also known as eMTC - enhanced Machine Type Communication) technologies for M2M communication. The results of the simulations are well-arranged in the form of graphs and discussed at the end of the thesis.

This thesis is focused on the design of remote data transmission equipment, without access to mains power. The device will measure the voltage of the gas pipeline and send this information to the operator for processing. Analysis of today's technologies for long-distance transmission and based on the selected technology, the device will be designed. According to selected components, its power supply will be designed with the aim of long-term functionality and continuous operation.

Thesis (M.Sc. (Statistics)) -- University of Limpopo, 2020 / Background: Death and economic losses due to road traffic accidents (RTA) are huge global public health and developmental problems and need urgent attention. Each year nearly 1.24 million people die and millions suffer various forms of disability as a result of road accidents. This puts road traffic injuries (RTIs) as the eighth leading cause of death globally and RTIs are set to become the fifth leading cause of death worldwide by the year 2030 unless urgent actions are taken. Aim: In this paper, we investigate factors that contribute to road traffic deaths (RTDs) in the Limpopo province of South Africa using models such as the generalized linear models (GLM) and zero inflated models. Methods: The study was based on retrospective data that comprised of reports of 18,029 road traffic accidents and 4,944 road traffic deaths over the years 2009 – 2015. Generalized linear modelling and zero-inflated models were used to identify factors and determine their relationships to RTDs. Results: The data was split into two categories: deaths that occurred during holidays and those that occurred during non-holiday periods. It was found that the following variables, namely, Monday, human actions, vehicle conditions and vehicle makes, were significant predictors of RTDs during holidays. On the other hand, during non-holiday periods, weekend, Tuesday, Wednesday, national road, provincial road, sedan, LDV, combi and bus were found to be significant predictors of road traffic deaths. Conclusion: GLM techniques, such as the standard Poisson regression model and the negative binomial (NB) model, did little to explain the zero excess, therefore, zero-inflated models, such as zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB), were found to be useful in explaining excess zeros. Recommendation: The study recommends that the government should make more human power available during the festive seasons, such as the December holidays, and over weekends.

Refractive index measurements of the Strontium-Barium-Niobate (SBN) crystals show that none of the known second-harmonic-generation scheme (SHG) can be hold responsible for the SHG in SBN. Based on observations of the SHG experiments carried out with several compositions of the crystals in different setup-geometries a new model of second harmonic generaion was developed. The new SHG model, domain-induced second-harmonic generation (DISHG), which considers that the needle-like domain structure of this material plays an active role in the quasi phase matching of the produced second harmonic light has been experimentally proved using two different experiments. The new SHG process in the SBN crystals is a potential light source of cylindrically polarized light. The easy way of obtaining cylindrically polarized light with the SBN crystal broadens the potential applications for this material. The (DISHG) allows to investigate several properties of the ferroelectric domains. Using SHG measurements it was possible to analyze the development of the domain densities for domains of different sizes during the poling of the crystal. SHG measurements allow us to determine the minimum length of the ferroelectric domains. It was shown that this does not depend on the [Sr]/[Ba] ratio and domains are not getting longer after the sample was poled, except for the case of doped SBN. The ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition has also been investigated. From the inflection point of the nonlinear susceptibility as function of the temperature the phase transition temperature was determined. The non fully-linear dependence of the phase transition temperature as function of the [Sr]/[Ba] ratio can be explained by a system of three different sublattices at the crystallographic positions of Strontium and Barium atoms.

Several SBN-x crystals of different composition have been investigated using the following methods: Optical absorption in the band gap spectral region, optical absorption of the OH-stretch-mode in the near infrared, Raman scattering, pyroelectric and dielectric measurements.The band edge position depends on the crystal composition in a non-linear manner, thus showing band bowing, typical for mixed systems. A new method has been developed to increase the hydrogen content in the bulk. This doping depends on the composition in an almost linear manner. The observed OH stretch mode spectra have been deconvoluted into three sub bands which can be attributed to different sites in the lattice. The composition dependent spectra have been modelled with a few parameters, using different line shapes and both linear and quadratic dependences of the band position.Raman spectra of several crystals of different composition were recorded for four different scattering configurations. Changes for wave numbers below 500 have been found, but could not attributed to particular modes. A prominent feature at about 600 wave numbers was not disturbed by other modes allowing a decomposition and an assigned of this mode to a certain vibration. It was found that the behaviour of this mode is governed by the [Sr]/[Ba] ratio in the pentagonal channel of SBN-x.The ferroelectric relaxor phase-transition of SBN-x has been studied with pyroelectric measurements. From the nonlinear susceptibility as a function of temperature the phase-transition temperature was deduced using the inflection point. The non fully-linear dependence of the phase-transition temperature as a function of the [Sr]/[Ba] ratio can be explained by a system of three different sublattices for the Strontium and Barium atoms.First results obtained with a setup for measuring the dielectric constant confirmed already reported data of other groups.

No description available.

Primary health care is facing extensive changes due to digitalization, while the field of application for machine learning is expanding. The merging of these two fields could result in a range of outcomes, one of them being an improved and more rigorous adoption of clinical decision support systems. Clinical decision support systems have been around for a long time but are still not fully adopted in primary health care due to insufficient performance and interpretation. Clinical decision support systems have a range of supportive functions to assist the clinician during decision making, where one of the most researched topics is diagnostic support. This thesis investigates how the use of self-described anamnesis in the form of free text and multiple-choice questions performs in prediction of diagnostic outcome. The chosen approach is to compare text to different subsets of multiple-choice questions for diagnostic prediction on a range of classification methods. The results indicate that text data holds a substantial amount of information, and that the multiple-choice questions used in this study are of varying quality, yet suboptimal compared to text data. The over-all tendency is that Support Vector Machines perform well on text classification and that Random Forests and Naive Bayes have equal performance to Support Vector Machines on multiple-choice questions. / Primärvården förväntas genomgå en utbredd digitalisering under de kommande åren, samtidigt som maskininlärning får utökade tillämpningsområden. Sammanslagningen av dessa två fält möjliggör en mängd förbättrade tekniker, varav en vore ett förbättrat och mer rigoröst anammande av kliniska beslutsstödsystem. Det har länge funnits varianter av kliniska beslutsstödsystem, men de har ännu inte lyckats blivit fullständigt inkorporerade i primärvården, framför allt på̊ grund av bristfällig prestanda och förmåga till tolkning. Kliniskt beslutstöd erbjuder en mängd funktioner för läkare vid beslutsfattning, där ett av de mest uppmärksammade fälten inom forskningen är support vid diagnosticering. Denna uppsats ämnar att undersöka hur självbeskriven anamnes i form av fritext och flervalsfrågor presterar för förutsägning av diagnos. Det valda tillvägagångssättet har varit att jämföra text med olika delmängder av flervalsfrågor med hjälp av en mängd metoder för klassificering. Resultaten indikerar att textdatan innehåller en avsevärt större mängd information än flervalsfrågorna, samt att flervalsfrågorna som har använts i denna studie är av varierande kvalité, men generellt sett suboptimala vad gäller prestanda i jämförelse med textdatan. Den generella tendensen är att Support Vector Machines presterar bra för klassificering med text data medan Random Forests och Naive Bayes är likvärdiga alternativ till Support Vector Machines för predicering vid användning av flervalsfrågor.

Nowadays it is more clear that the Internet of things (IoT) is not a transient trend but a completely new industry. The internet of things has the capability to enhance current industries (Industry 4.0), as well as to help protecting the environment and people. The latter is the case with the system developed and described in this thesis. The possibilities that IoT brings are due to the interconnection of heterogeneous embedded devices to the internet. This thesis focus on LPWANs (Low Power Wide Area Networks), which is a new set of technologies specifically design for the needs of IoT devices.Due to the recent deploy of NB-IoT (Narrow Band IoT) networks it has become more difficult to know what LPWAN is best for a certain application. Thus, the first half of this thesis involves the comparative study of NB-IoT and LoRaWAN LPWANs. This comparison required an in depth study of each technology, specially on the physical and datalink layers. The comparison briefly displays the main characteristics of each technology and explain the main conclusions in a concise manner. The second part of the thesis describes the development of a GNSS tracker. This tracker will be used on train wagons carrying goods that are dangerous for people and the environment. This thesis report describes the different steps taken, from the requirement specification to the partial development of the software.

M. Tech. (Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology), Vaal University of Technology. / This work is an investigation in the development and characterisation of porous Ti-Sn-SiC and Ti-Nb-SiC composites. Pure Titanium (Ti), Tin (Sn), Niobium (Nb) and Silicon carbide (SiC) powders were used as starting materials. The Ti-Sn-SiC and Ti-Nb-SiC composites were produced by powder metallurgy (PM) press-and-sinter route. The Sn is an α-phase stabilizer while Nb is a β-phase stabilizer in Ti alloys. A systematic study of binary Ti-Sn and Ti-Nb alloys was conducted with the addition of SiC particles. The addition of Sn influences the microstructure of the titanium alloy. With increasing the percentage of Sn content, the density of the samples decreases on the Ti-Sn alloys. An increase in the Sn content from 10 to 25 wt. % content resulted in decreased hardness. The Ti-Sn binary revealed stability of the HCP phase with increasing composition of the Sn content. The porous structures of the Ti-Sn-SiC composites were evenly distributed throughout the materials. The sintered densities increase from 94.69% to 96.38%. XRD analysis detected the HCP crystal lattice structure for the Ti5.4Sn3.8SiC and Ti5.6-Sn3.8-SiC composites. XRD pattern of the Ti5.8-Sn3.8-SiC reveals both the HCP and FCC crystal structures. The HCP phase has lattice parameters a= 2.920 Å; c=4.620 Å with smaller c/a ratio of 1.589. Additionally, FCC lattice parameter a=5.620 Å Fm-3m # 225 was obtained both for Ti5.8Sn3.8SiC and Ti6.0Sn3.8SiC XRD patterns. On the other hand, Optical microscopy analysis of the Ti-Nb alloys revealed the equiaxed grains composed of the light β-phase segregating on the grain boundaries. The Ti9Nb1 has low Vickers hardness of all alloys while Ti8Nb2 and Ti7.5Nb2.5 alloys are harder due to high amount of Nb content. Generally, the densities of the Ti–Nb alloys increased with increasing Nb content. HCP and BCC phases have the lattice parameters a = 2.951 Å, c = 4.683 Å and 3.268 Å, respectively. An HCP (α′) phase was detected in the Ti8.5Nb1.5 alloy with lattice parameters a = 5.130 Å, c = 9.840 Å while a BCC phase had a = 3.287 Å. The sintered Ti8Nb2 alloy also had the α′-phase with a = 5.141 Å, c = 9.533 Å and BCC phase with a = 3.280 Å lattice parameters. On the contrary, the Ti7.5Nb2.5 alloy formed the α′-phase of a = 5.141 Å, c = 9.533 Å and BCC with a = 3.280 Å lattice parameters. For the 10 and 15 wt.% Nb alloys, very porous structures were observed. The pores appear spherical and widely distributed. As the Nb content is increased to 20 wt.% (Ti7Nb2SiC) and 25 wt.% (Ti7Nb2.5SiC), porosity was minimized. The sintered densities of the Ti-Sn alloys are decreasing from 95.90% to 92.80% with increased amount of Sn in the Ti, while the sintered densities of Ti-Sn-SiC are increasing from 94.69% to 96.38%. The high porosity, which developed in Ti7Nb1SiC and Ti7Nb2.5SiC, affected the densities of these composites. The sintered densities of Ti-Nb alloys are increasing from 92.08% to 97.65% with increased amount of Nb in the Ti. In terms of hardness Ti7Nb1SiC and Ti7Nb2.5SiC resulted in the lowest while Ti7Nb1.5SiC and Ti7Nb2SiC composites were 511.74 HV and 527.678 HV. The porosity levels were increased by the addition of SiC in the Ti-Sn-SiC and Ti-Nb-SiC composites. The XRD analysis revealed phase transformation on the Ti-Nb alloys and Ti-Nb-SiC composites.

No description available.