This paper has concluded that the Diaspora contribute to the development of social, economic and political fields, which also means a high level of poverty reduction. This has been largely possible not least because of developments in computing and telecommunications, but also through the Diaspora's grassroots involvement. By being the only player who can get access to specific locations, and through their local knowledge the Diaspora can easily be seen as legitimate actors and therefore also play a unique role in peace processes. They are also not tied to bureaucratic structures on which they can act with direct effect. For example, they can assist quickly to different kinds of crisis situations, such as environmental disasters. Many governments and organizations are interested in cooperating with the Diaspora, but they also see many challenges with it. Further on, Diaspora can feel that their voices are not always heard. The essay has also reached a conclusion that a balance between the UN's two main conventions International Convention on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights increasingly may arise. This is thanks to the co-operations between liberal organizations and the Diaspora whose efforts may be in the private markets to create jobs and development, and their contributions in construction of social infrastructure. Other impacts on the organizational level may be towards more complex models of organization and partnerships, where not least the private sector may be included to a greater extent, which also demonstrates the enhanced globalization trends, where the private market is seen to be the answer to the solution of poverty. As regards to States and the role of various actors in these somewhat newer landscapes, they can also be a result from the processes of globalization and shifts in power from the state to the different levels at which non-state actors gets a stronger role. These processes may also have contributed to greater regionalization; forces which this paper found over time may be a competitor to a weak UN (and the EU) and therefore attract the Diaspora who also may find themselves to be better received there.

Αυτή η εργασία έχει σαν σκοπό να παρουσιάσει αρχικά τη Διεθνή Σύμβαση για τα Δικαιώματα των Παιδιών (για να δούμε τις προσπάθειες που έχουν γίνει παγκοσμίως όσο και ελλαδικά για την ύπαρξη νομοθετικού πλαισίου που κατοχυρώνει τα δικαιώματα των παιδιών) και σε αντιπαραβολή θα υπάρξουν αναφορές των διεθνών οργανισμών για την κατάσταση των παιδιών στην Ελλάδα αφού προηγουμένως αναφέρουμε λίγα λόγια για το έργο κάθε οργάνωσης μέχρι σήμερα. Αυτό είναι μια καλή ευκαιρία για να δούμε την ουσιαστική διαφορά που υπάρχει ανάμεσα στη θεωρεία και στην πράξη. Θα περιοριστούμε στις ανάγκες των παιδιών που ζουν στην Ελλάδα και θα προσπαθήσουμε να απεικονίσουμε την πραγματική κατάσταση όλων των παιδιών που ζουν στην Ελλάδα, ανεξάρτητα από κάθε μορφή διάκρισης που πιθανόν να αντιμετωπίζουν αυτά τα παιδιά στην ένταξη τους στην ελληνική κοινωνία. / -

Influencée par la critique postmoderne et les études postcoloniales, cette recherche exploratoire invite à une réflexion sur le rôle et la place des ONG comme acteurs du développement des « pays du Sud », dans un monde de plus en plus globalisé. Les données empiriques, d’une part, récoltées suite à une enquête ethnographique au sein du siège social de l’une des ONG les plus influente de Montréal, Oxfam-Québec, et les données théoriques interdisciplinaires, d’autre part, ont permis une analyse en deux temps. Premièrement, il s’agit de comprendre le fonctionnement interne de ces puissantes ONG ainsi que leurs liens avec l’État et les marchés. La seconde partie sera consacrée à l’analyse de la mission de développement ainsi que la constitution du pouvoir et de la légitimité grandissante sur la scène politique mondiale de ces ONG transnationales. / Influenced by postmodern critique and postcolonial studies, this exploratory research invites to think the role and place of NGOs as actors in the development of “countries of the South”, in a more global world. Empirical data were collected through an ethnographic research conducted in one of the most influential NGOs in Montreal, Oxfam-Quebec, and from interdisciplinary theoretical data, both sources leading a two phase approach. First, the thesis highlights the need to understand the internal mechanisms of those powerful NGOs and their link with State and markets. The second part will be dedicated to the analysis of the development mission together with their growing importance on the international political level.

In the field of International Development, increased attention has been given to the concept of women’s empowerment as it has been recognized as a potential driver for change. Classified as a global struggle, commitments to this concept have been at the core of many development interventions, whether they be a small NGOs working in a single community or large-scale international aid agencies with presence all around the world. Despite its international recognition, women’s empowerment has been largely left unquestioned within development practices and especially with regards to the impact it may have on local beneficiary communities. This thesis will address how universal ideas such as this one become meaningful in the local setting through a case study of CARE-International’s Women’s Empowerment in Zanzibar project that was implemented from the years 2008-2011. In applying Sally Merry’s (2006) concept of vernacularization, as a theoretical framework, it will be shown that international aid organizations do not simply adapt women’s empowerment to the local arena. Instead, various local actors are involved in a dynamic process of translating, negotiating, and making the concept more meaningful to the beneficiaries and, thus, cause a new hybrid understanding of women’s empowerment to emerge. This new concept draws more extensively on local institutions, knowledge and practices that have been inter-weaved with Islamic practices which play an important role in the lives of Zanzibaris. This thesis will illustrate how NGO culture converges with and diverges from the local communities and expose the realities that exist within the greater development discourse.

This study tries to understand the internal dynamics of the civil society organizations in Turkey on the experiences of three CSOs: the Ankara Branches of KADER, MAZLUMDER and IMO by focusing on the intra&ndash / organizational practices (the decision making processes, elections, general meetings, division of labor, basic conflicts and divergences, the disagreements, the way of deliberation and consensus). It tries to shed light on the transformative potential of the CSO&rsquo / s in public sphere as civil organizations themselves in time both in the sense of their political stances and organizational structure. The research was designed in the form of a case study including both the depth interwiews and participant observations. In this framework, ten depth-interviews were made with members having different qualities for each of these CSOs and participant observations were realized in the general meetings, elections and activities of these organizations. Since the aim of this study is to understand the contribution of the CSOs to the public sphere, the research findings were interpreted and considered basically in the light of the two main theoretical positions: the deliberative (Habermas) and agonistic (Laclau and Mouffe) democracy. The study espoused a post-structuralist conception of democracy combined with a weakened model of deliberation and dialogue pointing out the requirement of the existential publicity of man (Arendt) in the world. In this context, this study tries to discuss the following questions within the framework of the public sphere experience of the three CSOs throughout the thesis. Is the concept of civil society a proper concept for understanding the peculiar experience of Turkey (with reference to the historical context of civil associational life in Turkey and the recent civil resurrection)? Do civil organizations have the capacity to serve for deepening and consolidation of democracy in public sphere? Are these civil organizations democratic and participatory with regard to their intra-organizational structures and decision-making processes? And, more importantly, do they have any capacity to influence the process of democratic transformation in Turkey?

Organisations need to learn from their current and past experiences to optimise their activities, decisions and future strategies. Non-governmental organisations are similar to public or governmental departments in that learning is crucial for their existence. One of the key factors influencing learning is the development and maintenance of a functional organisational memory. The organisational memory is a dynamic entity encompassing more than the storage facilities provided by an information technology system. It also resides in human form, acting as reservoirs and interpretation centres and feeding the organisational memory as a whole. Previous research in organisational memory focussed mostly on describing the structure of the storage systems, with the current focus on developing management information systems to enhance organisational memory storage and retrieval. Some work has been undertaken to describe the processes involved, which include accessing, storing and retrieving the memory. Other functions that need special attention are the development of data to information, and especially creating and using knowledge. The studies mostly involved existing organisational memory as it was represented at a specific time of the organisations’ development. This study looks at all the different developmental phases of a regional NGO, which include start-up, expansion in target territory, expansion in activities, consolidation and close-out. To investigate the temporal changes of organisational memory in a regional intermediary NGO, a retrospective case study methodology was used. The NGO was closing down, providing an opportunity to investigate all the stages of development. The data collection, analysis and interpretation involved various in-depth interviews with current and past staff members and other key stakeholders, such as beneficiary organisations and consultants. In addition, a complex set of documents were studied, including proposals, strategic documents, minutes of meetings, and audiovisual material. The main themes and factors, such as individuals, leadership, electronic and other management of the organisational memory, culture, including the importance of a vision and theory of change, policies and global developments are discussed using a temporal ecological framework. The key findings of this study illustrate the importance of directories as part of the metamemory in accessing seemingly dormant organisational memories. The conclusion is that organisational memory survives after the demise of the organisation and that it is accessible through directories. / Psychology / Ph. D. (Consulting Psychology)

To build sustainable peace, all levels of society need to be involved, from the top governmental authorities (state actors) to the ground civilians (non-state actors). The grassroots level is getting more and more attention and is acknowledged as a crucial part in the peace-building process, despite that the official peace process commonly target the top level. Peace agreements signed by the elite will not be implemented thoroughly in society, unless the population living the conflict will have own agency. This thesis uses South Sudan as a case study, with focus on locally employed INGO workers and their role and agency in moving towards sustainable peace. A literature review of well-known and recent research on the topic peace-building from below, along with interviews with the targeted group was used to establish if the theory can be reflected in practise in this specific context. An inclusive approach with all levels of the society seems to be the best strategy for such a divided context as South Sudan, affected by present and past grievance and with weak governmental structures. The social infrastructures have been partially replaced with (I)NGOs, providing a vast amount of basic services across the country. Due to the high prevalence of humanitarian actors and consequently a high number of national staff, they could be a part of the bottom-up approach. Though there is a consensus of an inclusive bottom-up approach in peace-building, the specific role of locally employed (I)NGO worker is not very well examined in the literature. National staff has clear benefits due to their role as (I)NGO workers such as respect and exposure in combination with their local expertise and network. This can contribute to a broader understanding of the situation - that wisdom should not be wasted and can contribute to them having possibility of having a voice and being a connector in the society. There is however not a clear result if this differs from the influence of other civilians and if it translates directly as a benefit in peace–building. More research is needed to determine the real agency of this group.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar as contribuições que um programa educativo da organização não governamental ambientalista IPÊ - Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas oferece para a área da educação ambiental voltada a conservação da biodiversidade, por meio da integração da pesquisa científica com o ensino formal. Utilizou-se neste estudo a adoção de processos de avaliação qualitativa e quantitativa nos quais os dados foram obtidos por diversos instrumentos de coleta. O estudo foi baseado nos referenciais da abordagem participativa e da pesquisa-ação e realizado na bacia hidrográfica do rio Pardo junto a 72 alunos do ensino formal, 05 professoras e 06 pesquisadores da área ambientalista. Os resultados indicam a pré-disposição entre pesquisadores ambientalistas e professores do ensino formal em se integrarem em ações de educação ambiental direcionadas a formação socioambiental dos estudantes e que, a troca de informações e conhecimentos são os principais fatores que motivam a ação participativa e integradora entre professor e pesquisador na inserção da temática ambiental nas salas de aulas bem como na conservação ambiental local. Os resultados indicam também que a estratégia educativa da ONG IPÊ, possibilitou aumento de aprendizagem, criatividade, socialização entre os alunos e interesses pelas questões ambientais locais. O estudo aponta ainda para a necessidade de haver maiores oportunidades de orientação e preparação dos docentes para a prática das atividades com a temática ambiental em ambientes extra-classes. / This study had the objective of identifying the contributions of an educational program conducted by a non-governmental conservation organization, IPÊ - Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas (Institute for Ecological Research) in the field of environmental education, geared to the conservation of biodiversity through the integration of scientific research and the formal educational system. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation processes were adopted, in which the data were collected using a number of instruments. The study was based on the principles of participatory approach and research-action, and took place in the surroundings of the Rio Pardo region, involving 72 students of the formal education system, 5 teachers and 6 researchers of the environmental field. Results indicate a predisposition among environmental researchers and teachers to become involved in environmental education actions that aim at students\' social and environmental enhancements. The exchange of information and of knowledge was the main factor to motivate participation and integration actions between teachers and researchers in the inclusion of environmental themes and local conservation in classrooms. Results also indicate that IPÊ\'s education strategy increased learning, creativity and socialization among students, besides stimulating their interest in local environmental aspects. The study shows the need to promote more opportunities to guide and prepare teachers to conduct extra-classroom activities with environmental focus.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:51:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CarlosEC_TESE.pdf: 2674949 bytes, checksum: e99eebe77638a569585d70ad4d2ca0a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-04 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The present study has proposed a structural model to identify the reasons why individuals become voluntary, keep and exit this type of work. The empirical space was the Pastoral da Crian?a - social action agency of the National Conference of Bishops of Brazil (CNBB) - community-based institution that has its work based on solidarity and the sharing of knowledge. The theoretical framework has the context in which are volunteering studies in Brazilian and world level. Then discuss the various concepts of volunteering and presented the theoretical models of volunteer motivation. Studies of Mostyn (1983) and studies conducted by the BEPEGE-Base for Studies and Research in Management Policies and Strategies - in their line of research GERQUAL - Human Resource Management and Organizational Quality - of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte as Carvalho e Souza(2006), Souza, Medeiros e Fernandes (2006), Souza et al (2009, 2010), Cavalcante et al (2011a, 2011b, 2011c, 2011d) were the main theoretical references for the construction of the model that was tested. Data collection was done through a survey with 71 indicators, in 2 visits to cities from the Diocese of Pesqueira, Pernambuco. The first data collection occurred in the period between May 30 and June 3, 2011, in Buique/PE and the second collection happened in Pesqueira/PE, in St. Joseph Seminary, in the period between July 6-8, 2011. 720 questionnaires were collected. The sample was divided into two parts. Exploratory Factor Analysis was applied in first part and Confirmatory Factor Analysis - structural equation modeling - in the second half. The examination of the results achieved by the expectations, reasons for entry, reasons for staying and exit reasons showed that all hypotheses were accepted. So the motivation of voluntary Pastoral da Crian?a can be explained by a set of interactions between these five constructs: Altruistic, Affectionate, Amiable, Adjusted and Astute / O presente estudo prop?s modelo estrutural que identificasse os motivos que levam indiv?duos a se tornar volunt?rio, manter-se e deixar de executar tal tipo de trabalho. O espa?o emp?rico foi a Pastoral da Crian?a - Organismo de a??o social da Confer?ncia Nacional dos Bispos do Brasil (CNBB) - institui??o de base comunit?ria que tem seu trabalho baseado na solidariedade e na partilha do saber. O referencial te?rico apresentou o contexto no qual est? o voluntariado, em n?vel mundial e nacional. Em seguida discutiu os diversos conceitos de voluntariado e apresentou os modelos te?ricos de motiva??o volunt?ria.Os estudos de Mostyn (1983) e os estudos conduzidos pela BEPEGE - Base de Estudos e Pesquisas em Estrat?gias e Pol?ticas de Gest?o na sua linha de pesquisa GERQUAL - Gest?o de Recursos Humanos e Qualidade Organizacional da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte como Carvalho e Souza(2006), Souza, Medeiros e Fernandes (2006), Souza et al (2009, 2010), Cavalcante et al (2011a, 2011b, 2011c, 2011d) foram as principais refer?ncias te?ricas para a constru??o do modelo que foi testado.A coleta de dados foi feita por meio de question?rio fechado com 71 indicadores, em 2 visitas a cidades da Diocese de Pesqueira/PE. A primeira coleta de dados ocorreu no per?odo entre 30 de maio e 3 de junho de 2011, na cidade Buique /PE e a segunda coleta aconteceu na cidade de Pesqueira/PE, no Semin?rio S?o Jos?, no per?odo entre 6 e 8 de julho de 2011. Foram aplicados 720 question?rios. A amostra foi dividida em duas partes. Na primeira foi feita a An?lise Fatorial Explorat?ria e na segunda a An?lise Fatorial Confirmat?ria, por meio da Modelagem das Equa??es Estruturais. O exame dos resultados alcan?ados pelos modelos das expectativas, dos motivos de entrada, dos motivos de perman?ncia e dos motivos de sa?da permite afirmar que todas as hip?teses foram aceitas. Assim a motiva??o do volunt?rio da Pastoral da Crian?a pode ser explicada por um conjunto de intera??es entre esses cinco constructos: Altru?smo, Afetivo, Amig?vel, Ajustado e Ajuizado

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T13:24:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1736900 bytes, checksum: dc036bcc7de06c9b5ee9227e00e5273c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The aim of this study was to analyze the performance and the strategic place of Non-Governamental Organizations/NGOs in the consolidation of social policies, in particular in health care provision for children and adolescents in Recife, as well as chart your profile. The study had the delimitation sample eighty-eight (out of 100) organizations registered in COMDICA. To achieve the objectives of this study, from a critical perspective, we conducted an exploratory, basic qualitative and quantitative. So, it was possible to understand the dynamics of "NGOs" in the current situation and its functionality in the production and reproduction of social life, through the analysis of the expressions of the socio-historical that underlie the structure of these organizations, especially in the context of neoliberalism in Brazil. We start by reading the theoretical and methodological categories (civil society and State) and concepts ("NGO" and "third sector"). The organizations studied have a mission to ensure the full protection of children and adolescents as executing those policies through public and private partnerships. 46% of the analyzed entities were founded after 1990. They serve fifty thousand users. The action of these private organizations stands out in the execution of basic protection policy Welfare. Identified two main conceptions in the approach of this phenomenon: the design (neo) liberal, who put the "NGOs" as the best option for the implementation of policies and removes the functions of the state and the market in relation to compliance with the manifestations of the "social question", and the critical-materialist perspective, we understand this phenomenon as a byproduct of "neoliberal strategy." This research will approach from this standpoint.Therefore, it was identified that "NGOs" as "representatives" of civil society, take the spaces of contention and a representative to defend their "assisted" posture, but can not identify such an attitude contribute to human emancipation and policies of service users.There is a new political stance against the state, marked by "partnership", and outsourcing services. Their position in the relations of forces is in order to ensure social harmony, helping to focus and fragmentation of social policies, and its role in strengthening the social struggles to defend and conquer right now does not matter, as in decades previous, or imply needs before idealized social change. Thus, it was concluded that the placement of "NGOs" in Recife, currently contributes only playing a system that denies the constitutional rights and citizenship - in its broad sense - contributing to the process of despoliticization of social struggles and people's organizations, leaving the users even more unprotected and alienated. Regarding the political articulation of these organizations in the city, there is a process of despoliticization of the struggles in defense of the rights of children and adolescents. Organizations, by putting only as executing projects no longer take center stage in the relationship of forces in defense of universal rights. They are not, currently, as a movement of struggle strengthened to ensure better political and social conditions for children in Recife. / O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a atuação e o lugar estratégico das Organizações Não Governamentais/ONGs na consolidação das políticas sociais, em específico na política de atendimento à criança e ao adolescente em Recife, bem como traçar o seu perfil. O estudo teve como delimitação amostral oitenta e oito (do total de 100) organizações registradas no COMDICA. Para atingir os objetivos deste estudo, a partir de uma perspectiva crítica, realizamos uma pesquisa exploratória, de base quali-quantitativa. De forma, que fosse possível apreender a dinâmica das ONGs na atual conjuntura e sua funcionalidade na produção e reprodução da vida social, através das analises das expressões da realidade sócio-histórica que fundamentaram a estruturação dessas organizações, principalmente, no contexto do neoliberalismo no Brasil. Partimos pela leitura teórico-metodológica das categorias (sociedade civil e Estado) e dos conceitos ( ONG e terceiro setor ). As organizações estudadas têm como missão, garantir a proteção integral das crianças e dos adolescentes, como executoras dessas políticas, através de parcerias públicas e privadas. Das entidades analisadas 46% foram fundadas após a década de 1990. Elas atendem 50 mil usuários. A ação dessas organizações privadas destaca-se na execução da proteção básica da política de Assistência Social. Identificamos duas concepções principais na abordagem desse fenômeno: a concepção (neo)liberal, que colocam as ONGs enquanto melhor opção para a execução das políticas e retira as funções do Estado e do mercado em relação ao atendimento às manifestações da questão social ; e, a perspectiva crítico-materialista, que entende esse fenômeno como subproduto da estratégia neoliberal . Esta pesquisa se aproximará dessa última perspectiva. Portanto, foi possível identificar que as ONGs , como representantes da sociedade civil, assumem nos espaços de disputa uma postura representativa e de defesa dos seus assistidos , porém não é possível identificar que tal atitude contribua para a emancipação dos usuários dos serviços. Observa-se uma nova postura política frente ao Estado, marcada pela parceria , e de terceirização dos serviços. O seu posicionamento nas relações de forças é com o intuito de garantir a harmonia social, contribuindo para a focalização e fragmentação das políticas sociais; e seu papel de fortalecer as lutas sociais, de defender e de conquistar direitos já não tem importância, como em décadas anteriores, nem implica as necessidades de mudanças sociais antes idealizadas. Dessa forma, foi possível concluir que o posicionamento das ONGs , em Recife, atualmente, contribui apenas para a reprodução de um sistema que nega os direitos constitucionais e de cidadania - em seu sentido amplo - contribuindo com o processo de despolitização das lutas sociais e das organizações populares, deixando os usuários ainda mais desprotegidos e alienados. Em relação à articulação política dessas organizações, no município, há um processo de despolitização das lutas em prol da defesa dos direitos da criança e do adolescente. As organizações, ao se colocar apenas como executoras de projetos, já não assumem o protagonismo nas relações de forças, em defesa dos direitos universais. Elas não se constituem, atualmente, como um movimento de luta fortalecido para assegurar melhores políticas e condições sociais para a infância em Recife.