The objective of this Bachelor Thesis is to study the participatory forest management of Ufiome Forest Reserve in Babati, Tanzania. Further the aim is to determine whether the Joint Forest Management of Ufiome can be considered as a part of a sustainable development. The concept of Sustainable Development is discussed in relation to the forest management of Ufiome. Through the method of semi-structured interviews during a 3 week field study in Babati District, Tanzania, came the conclusion that the Joint Forest Management of Ufiome was considered successful in conserving the forest and the ecosystem of which it holds in an effective way. Benefits such as access to water and more fodder and fruits are brought up. However in relation to the concept of the three spheres of Sustainable Development, the ecologic, social and economic, the success was not as apparent. Development of a sustainable character needs to exist in all the spheres. Economically, little to no financial gain or stimulation was evident. Although the social status has gone up in general in the District and in the villages, the process is slow. People are starting to notice a change in the villages due to the forest management. With this in mind the Joint Forest Management of Ufiome, although successful, has its flaws and needs to further develop. Informants for this thesis consist of local villagers in the area of Ufiome forest and District Officials, the majority of which share hope and a strong belief that such conservation strategies as that of the Joint Forest Management of Ufiome is a clear step in the right direction for a sustainable future.

This study examines how two community art programs in Brazil have empowered participants through art practice. The programs are contextualized historically and theoretically to address how program participants from varying social, cultural, and economic backgrounds, are prepared to be responsible world citizens. / text

<p>The vulnerable social situation of the indigenous women in Bolivia is often on the agenda</p><p>of many organisations (CSOs and NGOs). Especially, the deep rooted socio-political</p><p>discrimination of this group has been addressed in several researches and during various</p><p>international development forums. However, few of these investigations have tried to</p><p>understand in what ways the Aymara women themselves want to be supported by</p><p>organisations in order to become socially empowered. In regard to this, the contemplation</p><p>of this Master Thesis has been to, in an inductive manner, increase the understanding of</p><p>the concept of social empowerment from the perspectives of Aymara women and</p><p>NGOs/CSOs. To do so a qualitative field based study, aimed at letting Aymara women</p><p>themselves explain the social situation, was conducted in Bolivia during the spring 2007.</p><p>The outcome of this research has also served as a foundation to a discussion, with special</p><p>references to the Swedish aid-agency Svalorna Latinamerika, concerning what NGOs and</p><p>CSOs ought to consider when working with social empowerment of Aymara women.</p><p>The overarching methodological approach of the study has been that of a bottom-up</p><p>implementation analysis. In order to retrieve information from the field techniques such as</p><p>socio-anthropological studies, observations, interactions and interviews have been applied.</p><p>Several interesting insights and conclusions have been retrieved from the investigation. The</p><p>primarily conclusion drawn is that empowerment can neither be received nor given as it has</p><p>the features of a learning process. Accordingly, in regard to this organisations must adopt</p><p>the role of 'supporters' rather than 'suppliers'. Secondly, it has been reasoned that any</p><p>undertaking aimed at supporting social empowerment for and of Aymara women must be</p><p>synchronised with the progression of the women's learning processes. This specifically</p><p>suggests that organisations must adopt long-run as well as holistic programmes rather than</p><p>ad hoc activities. The overall conclusion drawn is that if the social empowerment for and of</p><p>Aymara women is to benefit from the undertakings of organisations the planning,</p><p>implementation and evaluation of the activities must primarily be based on terms given by</p><p>the women.</p><p>4</p>

Our world is not equal, and women are in a greater extent affected by the inequalities. Extra vulnerable for the inequalities are women in developing countries. In order to empower women and strive towards gender equality, female entrepreneurship has shown positive effects for women in developing countries. Entrepreneurial development programmers are implemented by both organizations and governments, with the aim of engaging women into business. In order to study the entrepreneurial motivations and outcomes of women in a developing country, a field study was conducted in Zambia. Organizations, working with entrepreneurial business training, as well as female entrepreneurs who took part in an entrepreneurial business training programme, were interviewed during a ten-week stay in Zambia. A comparison between women with a low level of education and a high level of education was done, in order to see whether their entrepreneurial motivations and outcomes deviate or correlates. From the findings of this study, it was concluded that women with different educational background have different motivations for entering entrepreneurial activities. Women with a higher level of education had personal motivations for entering, such as personal fulfilment, the wish to actualize an idea and the wish to leave a legacy. On the other hand, women with a low level of education were forced into entrepreneurship, in order to support for their family and mainly their children. However, regarding the entrepreneurial outcomes, they correlate, showing that entrepreneurship and business training has given Zambian women self-confidence and a business-mind. / Vi lever i en ojämlik värld. Världens ojämlikheter påverkar kvinnor i större utsträckning än män, och extra utsatta är kvinnor i utvecklingsländer. I arbetet för att sträva mot jämlikhet och kvinnors uppnådda egenmakt har kvinnligt företagande visat positiva effekter för kvinnor i utvecklingsländer. För att vidare studera kvinnors motivationer och uppnådda effekter utav kvinnligt företagande i utvecklingsländer har en fältstudie utförts i Zambia. Organisationer som arbetar med utbildning inom företagande, i kombination med kvinnliga entreprenörer som tagit del av ett sådant utbildningsprogram har under tio veckor intervjuats på plats i Zambia. En jämförelse mellan kvinnor med hög respektive låg utbildningsnivå hargenomförts för att ta reda på om utbildningsbakgrund har påverkat deras motivationer och effekter av entreprenörskap. Resultaten av studien visar att kvinnor med olika utbildningsnivåhar olika motivationer för att starta företag. Kvinnor med högre utbildning startar företag av personliga skäl, så som önskan om självförverkligande, viljan att göra en idé till verklighet och viljan att lämna något efter sig. Kvinnor med lägre utbildningsnivå, startar å andra sidan företag på grund av att det är deras enda val. De tvingas in i entreprenörskap för att kunna försörja sina familjer, främst sina barn. Däremot visar effekterna av entreprenörskap likheter mellan kvinnorna, trots ojämn utbildningsnivå. Effekterna av entreprenörskap och företagsutbildning har gett zambiska kvinnor självförtroende och har hos dem utvecklat ett nytt företagstänk. Hädanefter kommer uppsatsen att presenteras på engelska.

Submitted in fulfillment of the degree by dissertation MASTERS DEGREE: ARTS AND CULTURE MANAGEMENT In the Department of Humanities FACULTY OF THE ARTS AND CULTURE MANAGEMENT UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND AUGUST 2014 / This dissertation aims to examine how pottery factories in the North West province were conceived and how relevant their functions are, within the confines of craft product development training initiatives, as potential contributors to social empowerment, job creation and economic sustainability today. The dissertation will trace and analyse the impact of specific training initiatives undertaken to empower potters from one of these factories. The focus will be on the methods used to transfer product design and craft manufacturing skills (craftsmanship) as well as evaluating the challenges and success of these methods in promoting self-reliance and sustaining livelihood economically. The impact of these methods will be assessed by the beneficiaries’ ability to integrate concepts, ideas and action as well as their understanding of the markets and ability to follow through orders. The research draws inspiration from the South African National Development Plan: Vision 2030 (NDP, 2011: 10). The plan envisages that by 2030; “the economy should be close to full employment; equip people with the skills they need; ensure that ownership of production is less concentrated and more diverse (where black people and women own a significant share of productive assets); and be able to grow rapidly, providing the resources to pay for investment in human and physical capital”. One of the key sectors anticipated to contribute in achieving the vision of the NDP is the craft sector as suggested by the Department of Trade and Industries (DTI’s) Customised Sector Programme (DTI, 2005). This vision is possible in the craft community if community development efforts are not rushed towards achieving immediate results, but rather focus on the long term of investing in and empowering people with the relevant skills. Writing about applying design to alleviate poverty, Thomas (2006) suggests that sustainable results can only be achieved in the long term because short term initiatives are dependent on single individuals from ‘outside’ organisations for designs and markets. And therefore this research focuses on pottery factories established in the year 2010 by Mintek’s Small Scale Mining Beneficiation Programme, particularly the Timbita Ceramic Incubator. According to the Minister of Arts and Culture the honourable Mr Paul Mashatile, the cultural and creative industries have the potential to be an important driver of economic growth and job creation (Business report, 5 April 2011, 17). Perceiving the creative sector beyond aesthetic and human development dimensions, and more as a sector with the potential to contribute to economic growth and job creation stimulated the assumption of more responsibility for stakeholders and government to invest in both financial and skills development. It is important then, to analyse whether the training methods implemented are efficient and effective in empowering these communities and whether or not they yield sustainable results. It is, therefore, anticipated that this study will contribute toward, at least within the South African context, the limited literature in craft development as an economic industry from the context of crafts product development and craftsmanship skills transfer. Applied research looking at practical cases will be combined with various literature engagements, and supported by semi-structured in-depth interviews used as tools to obtain information for this research.

Thesis (MEdPsych)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study was undertaken to identify internal and external assets of a ten year- old girl with Down Syndrome. The assets include those of the individual and the broader community. The learner’s assets, in her immediate environment, was difficult to identify because of minimal exposure to community activities. A list of assets were compiled and the 40 Developmental Assets as researched by the “Searched Institute of Minneapolis” (Roehlkepartain & Leffert, 2000), served as key elements for the cartographic listing of the assets of the learner with Down Syndrome. In this research, the asset-based approach was used as a framework. A qualitative research design was used for the research where the learner was observed in her natural environment. The learner was observed at school and at home with the aim to identify assets. During the research the parents as well as the school was empowered by shifting their focus from the learner’s needs and shortcomings to the learner’s strengths, abilities and talents. The identifying of the new assets will enable the learner to improve her socialising skills and allow her to improve her self-care. The results of the research show that the parents and the school developed a more positive attitude with regard to the identification and mobilization of assets of learners with disabilities. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie is onderneem om interne en eksterne bates by 'n leerder met Downsindroom te identifiseer. Die bates sluit nie net diè van die individu in nie, maar neem ook die bates wat in die breër gemeenskap bestaan, in ag. Die leerder se eksterne bates in haar onmiddellike omgewing was moeilik identifiseerbaar, omdat sy weinig blootgestel word aan gemeenskapsaktiwiteite. 'n Lys van bates is saamgestel en die 40 Ontwikkelingsbates soos deur die "Search Institute of Minneapolis" (Roehlkepartain & Leffert, 2000) nagevors, is as sleutelelemente gebruik vir die kartografering van die bates vir die leerder met Downsindroom. In hierdie navorsing is die bate-gebaseerde benadering as 'n raamwerk gebruik. 'n Kwalitatiewe navorsingsontwerp is vir hierdie navorsing gebruik waar die leerder in haar natuurlike omgewing waargeneem is. Die leerder is by die skool en by die huis waargeneem met die doel om bates te identifiseer. Tydens die navorsing is die ouers en die skool bemagtig deur hul fokus te verskuif vanaf die leerder se behoeftes en tekorte na die leerder se sterkpunte, vermoëns en talente. Die identifisering van die nuwe bates by die leerder sal haar sosialiseringsvaardighede verbeter en haar in staat stel om veral haar selfversorging te verbeter. Die resultate van die navorsing dui daarop dat die ouers en die skool 'n meer positiewe houding ontwikkel het ten opsigte van die identifisering en mobilisering van bates by leerders met gestremdhede.

In the field of International Development, increased attention has been given to the concept of women’s empowerment as it has been recognized as a potential driver for change. Classified as a global struggle, commitments to this concept have been at the core of many development interventions, whether they be a small NGOs working in a single community or large-scale international aid agencies with presence all around the world. Despite its international recognition, women’s empowerment has been largely left unquestioned within development practices and especially with regards to the impact it may have on local beneficiary communities. This thesis will address how universal ideas such as this one become meaningful in the local setting through a case study of CARE-International’s Women’s Empowerment in Zanzibar project that was implemented from the years 2008-2011. In applying Sally Merry’s (2006) concept of vernacularization, as a theoretical framework, it will be shown that international aid organizations do not simply adapt women’s empowerment to the local arena. Instead, various local actors are involved in a dynamic process of translating, negotiating, and making the concept more meaningful to the beneficiaries and, thus, cause a new hybrid understanding of women’s empowerment to emerge. This new concept draws more extensively on local institutions, knowledge and practices that have been inter-weaved with Islamic practices which play an important role in the lives of Zanzibaris. This thesis will illustrate how NGO culture converges with and diverges from the local communities and expose the realities that exist within the greater development discourse.

Submitted by Clebson Anjos (clebson.leandro54@gmail.com) on 2016-02-23T18:48:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4069551 bytes, checksum: c0feeba4c3a93b9aebec52436bd75b54 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-23T18:48:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4069551 bytes, checksum: c0feeba4c3a93b9aebec52436bd75b54 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Situated in rural area in the Aliança town, the Ranch Chã de Camará groups manifestations of popular culture, especially since 1966, the year in which the Master Batista founded the Maracatu Rural Estrela de Ouro. The history of the place is intertwined with the history of maracatu, of cavalo-marinho, of the sieves and the sugar economy, activities related to the Northern Forest Zone of Pernambuco. In 2004, the Estrela de Ouro became the first group in the Northeast as contemplated Point of Culture (PC). Point of Culture is the main action of Living Culture Program, which enables resources to cultural projects of nonprofits to develop ludic activities, artistic, sociocultural and digital inclusion for community. Every PC in its praxis, coexists with elements related to media – audiovisual production as purpose or means of recording and dissemination of cultural activities, ownership of communication tools and techniques for marginalized classes – which corroborates the research of point view of folkcommunication. Expansion and enhancement of access to means of production; cultural enjoyment and training; citizen action, communication, education and art; generation of employment and income; increasing identity and memory; it is believed that such questions, subsidized by folkcomunicacionais demonstrations, encourage individual and collective social empowerment in that community. This present thesis, enrolled in the Research Line Media and Everyday Life, examines therefore the manifestations folkcomunicacionais PC Estrela de Ouro. For this, identifies, delineates and describes this manifestations, with possible empowerment circumstances, still going by the description of their media activists. Theoretically, the case study is based on three pillars: 1. Folkcommunication, theory created by Luiz Beltrão 2. Social Empowerment, and 3. Point of Culture. The method adopted is ethnographic, using, among other instruments, unsystematic observation, photographic record and interviews. The approach is qualitative, exploratory and the analysis has interpretative character. / Situado na zona rural do município de Aliança-PE, o Sítio Chã de Camará concentra manifestações de cultura popular desde 1966 especialmente, ano em que o Mestre Batista fundou o Maracatu Rural Estrela de Ouro. A história do lugar se confunde com a história do maracatu, do cavalo-marinho, das cirandas e da economia canavieira, atividades inerentes à Zona da Mata Norte pernambucana. Em 2004, o Estrela de Ouro se tornou o primeiro grupo do Nordeste contemplado como Ponto de Cultura (PC). Ponto de Cultura é a principal ação do Programa Cultura Viva, que viabiliza recursos para projetos culturais de instituições sem fins lucrativos para atividades lúdicas, artísticas, socioculturais e de inclusão digital à comunidade. Todo PC, em sua práxis, convive com elementos ligados à comunicação social – produção audiovisual como finalidade ou meio de registro e difusão das atividades culturais, na apropriação de instrumentos de comunicação e suas técnicas por classes marginalizadas – o que corrobora o estudo do ponto de vista da folkcomunicação. Ampliação e potencialização do acesso aos meios de produção; fruição e formação cultural; ações de cidadania, comunicação, educação e arte; geração de emprego e renda; valorização da identidade e da memória; acredita-se que tais quesitos, subsidiados por manifestações folkcomunicacionais, estimulem o empoderamento social individual e coletivo na comunidade em questão. A presente dissertação, inscrita na Linha de Pesquisa Mídia e Cotidiano, analisa, portanto, as manifestações folkcomunicacionais do PC Estrela de Ouro. Para isso, as identifica, delineia e descreve, apresentando circunstâncias possíveis de empoderamento, passando ainda pela descrição dos seus ativistas midiáticos. Teoricamente, o estudo de caso tem como base o tripé: 1. Folkcomunicação, teoria criada por Luiz Beltrão; 2. Empoderamento Social; e 3. Ponto de Cultura. O método adotado é o etnográfico, com utilização, entre outros instrumentos, de observação assistemática, registro fotográfico e entrevistas. A abordagem é qualitativa, de cunho exploratório e a análise tem caráter interpretativo.

The vulnerable social situation of the indigenous women in Bolivia is often on the agenda of many organisations (CSOs and NGOs). Especially, the deep rooted socio-political discrimination of this group has been addressed in several researches and during various international development forums. However, few of these investigations have tried to understand in what ways the Aymara women themselves want to be supported by organisations in order to become socially empowered. In regard to this, the contemplation of this Master Thesis has been to, in an inductive manner, increase the understanding of the concept of social empowerment from the perspectives of Aymara women and NGOs/CSOs. To do so a qualitative field based study, aimed at letting Aymara women themselves explain the social situation, was conducted in Bolivia during the spring 2007. The outcome of this research has also served as a foundation to a discussion, with special references to the Swedish aid-agency Svalorna Latinamerika, concerning what NGOs and CSOs ought to consider when working with social empowerment of Aymara women. The overarching methodological approach of the study has been that of a bottom-up implementation analysis. In order to retrieve information from the field techniques such as socio-anthropological studies, observations, interactions and interviews have been applied. Several interesting insights and conclusions have been retrieved from the investigation. The primarily conclusion drawn is that empowerment can neither be received nor given as it has the features of a learning process. Accordingly, in regard to this organisations must adopt the role of 'supporters' rather than 'suppliers'. Secondly, it has been reasoned that any undertaking aimed at supporting social empowerment for and of Aymara women must be synchronised with the progression of the women's learning processes. This specifically suggests that organisations must adopt long-run as well as holistic programmes rather than ad hoc activities. The overall conclusion drawn is that if the social empowerment for and of Aymara women is to benefit from the undertakings of organisations the planning, implementation and evaluation of the activities must primarily be based on terms given by the women. 4

Masters in Public Administration - MPA / The Namibian Government has recently embarked on the formulation of an empowerment strategy similar to South Africa’s Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment (BBBEE) policy - the Transformation of Economic and Social Empowerment Framework (TESEF) for Namibia. Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) more specifically, results-based M&E has also recently emerged worldwide as an important tool in public sector management reform and is focused on the attainment of outcomes and development results at project, programme and policy levels. The problem being investigated in this study concerns the shortage of evidence in BBBEE policy and legislative documentation of a coherent M&E framework inclusive of a set of indicators that can measure BBBEE progress against its set objectives and anticipated outcomes.Through an investigation on the state of an M&E framework for BBBEE and South Africa’s good experiences regarding the development of a Government-wide (including all sectors) coherent M&E system a number of lessons of experience have been drawn for the anticipated implementation and M&E framework of TESEF and the establishment of a Government-wide M&E system in Namibia.The study reveals that there is currently (May 2009) no comprehensive M&E framework inclusive of set of indicators in effect to measure BBBEE progress towards its objectives and anticipated outcomes. The suitability of available indicators to measure BBBEE derived from the South African Development Indicator framework (SADI) and the Compendium of Indicators for the Provincial Growth and Development Strategy (CIPGDS) of the Western Cape are assessed and the potential for indicator development has been explored. Through an appropriate methodology a comprehensive set of indicators that address the objectives and anticipated outcomes of BBBEE are developed and suggested in this study.The study found that while Namibia sees herself in the final phase of TESEF formulation with the release of the latest TESEF Draft Strategy Document (April 2008) the country also sets out plans in its National Development Plan (NDP3) for period 2007/08 –2011/12 for the establishment and institutionalisation of a government-wide M&E system dedicated to the results-based M&E approach. The study finds valuable lessons for Namibia in South Africa’s Government-wide M&E (GWM&E) system drawn from South Africa’s development of: a Policy Framework for GWM&E system; a comprehensive set of national development indicators across prioritised clusters (the South African Development Indicator framework); and the established public sector capacity building and M&E support organs such as the Public Administration Leadership and Management Academy (PALAMA) formerly known the South African Management Development Institute (SAMDI) and the South African Monitoring and Evaluation Association (SAMEA).Apart from the potential indicators to measure BBBEE developed as part of the study’s recommendations, the study also recommends that an M&E framework for TESEF is developed upon finalization of the policy’s objectives and anticipated outcomes and that this framework is included in the final TESEF design to guide its effective implementation.