Title: Development of methamphetamine (ex)users that decided to cease without professional intervention - follow-up study Abstract: BACKGROUND: This work relates to author's research in 2011/2012, in which author captured experience of (ex)users with ceasing drug using without professional help through narrative interviews. Findings shown, that respondents keeps in their narration space for reusing of methamphetamine, so author decided to work with respondents also in future. This work is theoretically based in idiographic and narrative approach, which focus on AIMS: To capture development of methamphetamine (ex)users that decided to cease using methamphetamine without professional intervention after 3 years. RESEARCH QUESTIONS: To capture users' answers about future aiming of individuals, based on preceding research, to catch biography-time development of respondents and to analyze reasoning according to (non)returning to using methamphetamine. METHODS: With those individuals, which were cooperating enough, interviews were held about their current situation. It creates set of interviews from 2011/2012 and from 2015/2016. Interviews were analyzed through narrative-oriented analysis, specifically through categories of values and beliefs. According to demandingness and comprehensiveness of approach, only two...

Les équipes virtuelles font l’objet de beaucoup d’attention depuis près de deux décennies. Elles font désormais partie des organisations qui ont dû s’ajuster à l’internationalisation des marchés. Elles sont aussi de plus en plus présentes dans les universités qui mettent en place des cours en environnement virtuel pour préparer leurs étudiants aux nouvelles réalités du marché du travail. Elles sont aussi le fruit des modes nées sous l’impulsion de l’approche constructiviste de la pédagogie. Les recherches qui s’intéressent a elles ont des préoccupations principalement téléologiques et utilitaristes qui donnent le point de vue des gestionnaires et des enseignants sur le phénomène. Peu de recherches se sont penchées sur l’expérience vécue par les membres de ces équipes. Par ailleurs, la volonté de dégager les lois générales des équipes virtuelles amène les chercheurs à l’amputer d’une partie de sa complexité. Notre recherche propose d’observer la manière dont des étudiants ont vécu leur expérience de collaboration en équipe virtuelle. Nous adoptons une posture interprétative et une approche narrative pour observer leur «sensemaking». Cette perspective nous permet de tenir compte de la complexité du phénomène. Nos questions de recherche sont : comment les étudiants font-ils sens de leur collaboration? Comment le «sensemaking» individuel contribue-t-il à construire le «sensemaking» collectif? Nos résultats nous renseignent sur l’importance que revêt le «sensegiving», pour les équipes virtuelles, dans la création de «sensemaking» collectif. / Virtual teams have been subject of much attention in the last two decades. Organizations have included them as regular units to adjust with globalization of markets. They are increasingly more common in schools as well. Universities developed virtual learning environments to cope with the market and prepare their students to be competitive. Those environments were also made popular because of the trends instigated by the constructivist approach to learning and educational methods. Researchers have been studying virtual teams most generally with teleological and utilitarian goals giving teachers’ and mangers’ point of view of the phenomenon. In addition, the will to draw general laws of virtual teams lead up researchers to sacrifice a part of its complexity. Our study aims to observe how students made sense of their collaboration experience in a virtual team. We adopt an interpretive perspective with a narrative approach that allows us to access the richness of the phenomenon while studying the sensemaking process. Our research questions are: how do students make sense of the collaboration? And how does individual sensemaking plays a role in constructing collective sensemaking? Our findings show that the sensegiving process is crucial for virtual teams to create collective sensemaking.

The state of Maleness has received much attention in academic and public discourse of late. One such instance is the play Defending the Caveman, which depicts men in their ”natural” settings as Cavemen, thereby justifying Caveman-like behaviour. On the other hand, much writing exists that find men culpable of discrimination, violence and abuse towards others. Discourses like these have real effects on the ways in which men choose and act on their Maleness. Six men engaged in narrative therapeutic discussions in an attempt to share their stories of Maleness, to discuss how society constructs men, and to re-evaluate the Maleness chosen by the participants. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M.Th. (Pastoral Therapy)

This study explored the interaction between persons and songs in therapy, and was described according to the ideas of Social Constructionism and the Narrative Approach (Freedman & Combs, 1996; Gergen, 1985, 1994; Hoyt, 1998). The meanings around songs and the therapist-client interaction were explored. A flowing process evolved that allowed for new ideas to become part of the therapeutic conversations (Anderson & Goolishian, 1988; Hoffman, 1994). The research was qualitative as befits the above-mentioned epistemology. Therapeutic conversations evolved with a single client, in which songs and music were used to explore her life story. An unstructured interview was conducted to explore the therapeutic process underlying the incorporation of songs in therapeutic conversations. The hermeneutic method of analysis was employed to identify themes and meanings that encompassed the research participant's life story as well as the therapeutic process in which songs were utilised to facilitate therapeutic dialogues. It was found that the themes elicited in this study reflected the themes discussed in the literature. The following themes underlying the therapeutic process of songs were identified: songs created an emotional release; they elicited memories, feelings and imagery; they facilitated relaxation, coloured relationships and provided a new skill. This exploration of the themes allowed for rich descriptions of the participant's story and the therapeutic conversations, to emerge. / Clinical psychology / M.A. (Clinical psychology)

In the existing literature, the constructs of "madness" and "woman' have long been associated with one another. This association has led to attempts by various authors, and also this current work, to deconstruct the constructs of madness and gender. The association between the constructs of "madness" and gender is seen in terms of metaphor. The relationship between the constructs of madness" and "woman" are described in terms of the manner in which meanings of metaphors of duality are collapsed onto one another. The approach to this discussion typifies the current shift in the human sciences from a belief in objective bias-neutral research to a new kind of self -conscious and sophisticated reality. I placed myself in this discussion as a researcher and a therapist, influenced by feminist, contextual and social constructionist ideas. The structure of this discussion was employed to reflect the theoretical perspectives mentioned above.therapist, influenced by feminist, contextual and social constructionist ideas. / Psychology / M.A. (Clinical Psychology)

This qualitatively oriented Practical Theology research project was based on a narrative enquiry into the spiritualities of five Christ-followers. These conversations occurred within a small group context, and were aimed at enabling the participants to co-author preferred spiritual ways of being. Because of my commitment to reflexive research practice, other voices and perspectives were invited into the research process. Besides sharing in numerous reflexive conversations with my supervisors, I brought into the group three 'outside voices'. By sharing their stories, these 'outside voices' challenged privatised expressions of spirituality, introducing a 'hermeneutic of suspicion' into the research process and enabling the research participants to wrestle with the challenges of a compassionate and ethical spirituality. In this conversational journey I was able to engage the central research question of whether a group narrative approach can facilitate the intention of Practical Theology to transform human life. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematical Theology / M. Th. (Practical Theology with specialisation in Pastoral Therapy)

This thesis deals with the application of narrative approach during the therapeutic work with clients with diagnosis of emotionally labile personality or dissocial defect of personality with exposure of aggression. Theoretical part of this thesis shows the basics and resources of the systemic constructivistic psychotherapy and the narrative approach as one of the main instruments for the psychotherapeutic work. This thesis also deals with analysis of some psychological views on aggression which are usually used during the therapy.Practical part of this thesis shows the basic elements of narrative approach on case studies with usage of techniques of externalisation, personification and deconstructional harking. Usage of these techniques is condition for the change of the primary client?s story which is affected by aggression. After this turnover on the new story the client is not part of the problematic system but with help of newly discovered resources he gain the ability to perceive himself as a person who is able to eliminate the effect of the aggression as a heterogeneous element and who is able to positively influence own life.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to clarify the notion of diaconal nursing, to produce a description of diaconal nursing and to outline a model of it. The study was accomplished in three stages in accordance with the hybrid model developed by Schwarz-Barcott and Kim (2000). At the theoretical stage, the literature was searched for information of diaconal nursing. For this purpose, a discretionary sample of references dealing with diaconal work and nursing was collected in 1998–1999. The material was analyzed with methods of inductive content analysis. At the empirical stage, the narrative approach was used to collect experiential data about diaconal nursing. The data were collected in the form of written essays complemented by oral interviews. The narrators were a group of 70 senior nursing students with the orientation towards diaconal care, 36 teachers of diaconal care, two consecrated deaconess nurses from five polytechnics on different locations in Finland and eight nurses without diaconal education and four patients from the Kanta-Häme and Pirkanmaa regions. One of the informants was testing the diaconal nursing practice, and she discussed that in her personal narrative. The data were collected in 1998–2003. The substance of the empirical data was analyzed with holistic methods of narrative content analysis. At the analytical stage, diaconal nursing was described as a synthesis of the theoretical and empirical stages, and a model was constructed based on that description. The results indicated that nurses with and without diaconal education used different terms to describe diaconal nursing. Based on the model developed here, diaconal work and nursing are combined into diaconal nursing via the cultural level of religion. Diaconal nursing is a profession carried out in nursing environments and parishes by nurses with diaconal education. Knowledge of both nursing science and theology is applied. In addition to nursing interventions, caritative and liturgic interventions are also used in diaconal nursing. The term 'professional service' is in diaconal nursing. The interactive relationship is a professional human relationship, where the person being cared for receives care and compassion without an obligation to "pay back". For the nursing professional, actions accordant with the Christian view of humanity may be a resource in everyday nursing. The recipient of care is not expected to have a religious or other conviction. Diaconal nursing can be learnt through education, and being a professing Christian is not enough to make a nurse a professional of diaconal nursing. The knowledge produced is the study can be utilized in diaconal nursing instruction and helps students to encounter people in nursing practice. The model also provides insight for the development of diaconal nursing curricula in polytechnics. / Tiivistelmä Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selkiyttää käsitystä diakonisesta hoitotyöstä ja tuottaa kuvaus diakonisesta hoitotyöstä sekä rakentaa siitä malli. Tutkimus muodostuu kolmesta vaiheesta Schwarz - Barcottin ja Kimin (2000) kuvaaman hybridisen mallin mukaisesti. Teoreettisessa vaiheessa tehtävänä oli etsiä kirjallisuudesta tietoa diakonisesta hoitotyöstä. Tätä varten kerättiin 1998–1999 harkinnanvaraisella otannalla aineisto diakoniaa ja hoitotyötä käsittelevästä kirjallisuudesta. Aineisto analysoitiin induktiivisella sisällönanalyysilla. Empiirisessä vaiheessa koottiin narratiivista lähestymistapaa soveltaen kokemuksellista tietoa diakonisesta hoitotyöstä. Aineisto koottiin kirjoitelmina ja sitä täydennettiin haastatteluin. Kertojina oli 70 diakoniapainotteisen sairaanhoitajakoulutuksen päättävää opiskelijaa, 36 diakonian opettajaa, kaksi diakonian virkaan vihittyä sairaanhoitajaa viiden eri paikkakunnan ammattikorkeakoulusta sekä 8 sairaanhoitajaa ja 4 potilasta Kanta-Hämeestä ja Pirkanmaalta. Yksi kertojista testasi diakonista hoitotyötä hoitokäytännössä, josta hän tuotti sisäisen tarinansa. Aineisto koottiin 1998–2003 välisenä aikana. Aineisto analysoitiin holistis-sisällöllisesti narratiivisen aineiston analyysin mukaisesti. Analyyttisessa vaiheessa kuvattiin diakonista hoitotyötä teoreettisen ja empiirisen vaiheen muodostamana synteesinä, jonka perusteella siitä rakennettiin malli. Tulokset osoittivat, että diakoniaan kouluttautuneet ja kouluttautumattomat sairaanhoitajat puhuvat eri käsittein diakonisesta hoitotyöstä. Kehitetyn mallin mukaan diakonia ja hoitotyö yhdistyvät diakoniseksi hoitotyöksi uskonnon kulttuurisen tason kautta. Diakoninen hoitotyö on professio, jota tekevät diakoniseen hoitotyöhön kouluttautuneet sairaanhoitajat hoitotyön toimintaympäristöissä ja seurakunnissa. Siinä sovelletaan hoitotieteen ja teologian tietoa. Diakonisessa hoitotyössä toteutetaan hoitotyön auttamismenetelmien lisäksi karitatiivisia ja liturgisia auttamismenetelmiä. Diakonisessa hoitotyössä puhutaan ammatillisesta palvelemisesta. Vuorovaikutussuhde on ammatillinen lähimmäissuhde, jossa hoidettava kokee saavansa lahjomatonta hoitamista ja rakkauden tunnetta. Hoitotyöntekijälle kristillisen ihmiskäsityksen mukainen toiminta voi olla voimavara hoitamisen arjessa. Hoidettavana olevalta ihmiseltä ei edellytetä uskonnollista tai muuta vakaumusta. Diakoninen hoitotyö voidaan oppia koulutuksessa ja pelkkä hoitajan kristillinen vakaumus ei anna valmiuksia tähän työhön. Tutkimuksessa tuotettua tietoa voidaan hyödyntää hoitotyön opetuksessa ja sen seurauksena käytännön hoitotyössä ihmisen kohtaamisissa. Lisäksi tuotettu malli lisää ymmärrystä kehittää diakonista hoitotyötä opiskelevan sairaanhoitajan opetussuunnitelmaa ammattikorkeakoulussa.

Abstract The aim was to describe the narratives unfolding in cooperative team meetings in acute psychiatric care. The cooperative team meeting is based on cooperative care, in which power and responsibility are shared between the participants. The participants in cooperative team meeting are the patient, her/his significant others and health care professionals. The aim of these meetings is defined based on the patient's need for care. The purpose of the study was to produce new knowledge about cooperative team meetings in psychiatric care. The results can be used to develop psychiatric care and the processes of learning and studying to nurse. The study approach was narrative, and it was focused on narratives in the cooperative team storytelling process. The data consisted of 11 videotaped cooperative team meeting in two acute psychiatric wards. The participants in each case consisted of a voluntary patient, his/her significant others, primary physicians, nurses and other experts. The research was a process. The spoken narratives in cooperative team meetings were approached using the methods of "Categorical-Content" reading and dialogue analysis based on a narrative approach. The unspoken narratives were unfolded using the QRS NVivo computer program and the "Holistic-Content" reading method. In the first phase, the silent narrative "shame" was found. In the second phase, the narratives "active" and "passive participation" based on cooperative care were found. In the third phase, the spoken and unspoken combined narrative "Shared-rhythm cooperation" was found. According to the results, the cooperative team meeting consisted of unspoken narratives. The cooperative team meeting was based on cooperative care if the participants defined and shared the topic of discussion and had eye contact and the authoritarian participant gave space for expression. The cooperative team meetings required open-ended and reasonable questions by the health care professionals. Furthermore, the interpretation was to be based on the patient's or the significant other's narratives and the meanings the events had had for them. The participants were able to introduce their narratives to the storytelling process if they had enough time. Shared understanding was possible if all participants' narratives were in interaction with each other. The cooperative team meeting was expert-initiative, if the storytelling was based on the professionals' narratives. The expert-initiative storytelling consisted of control, monologue, unreadable faces and immobility. The main goal was to elicit information of the patient, and the role of the patient and his/her significant others was to be a passive recipient. / Tiivistelmä Tutkimuksessa kuvataan psykiatrisen yhteistyöneuvottelun keskustelussa rakentuvia kertomuksia. Yhteistyöneuvottelu perustuu yhteistoiminnallisen hoidon lähtökohtiin, jossa valta ja vastuu ovat jaettu siihen osallistuvien kesken. Siten yhteistyöneuvottelu on psykiatrisen potilaan, hänen määrittelemiensä läheisten ja hänen hoitoonsa osallistuvien asiantuntijoiden potilaan tilanteeseen perustuva tapaaminen. Tutkimuksessa on tuotettu uutta tietoa yhteistoiminnallisesta yhteistyöneuvottelusta psykiatrisessa hoidossa. Tulosten perustella voidaan kehittää hoitotyön käytäntöä ja koulutusta. Tutkimuksen lähestymistapa oli narratiivinen ja tutkimuksen kohteena oli yhteistyöneuvottelun kertomistilanteessa rakentuvat kertomukset. Tutkimusaineisto muodostui 11 videoidusta yhteistyöneuvottelusta kahdelta psykiatriselta akuuttiosastolta. Näihin yhteistyöneuvotteluihin osallistuvat olivat vapaaehtoisia potilaita, hänen nimeämiään läheisiä, lääkäreitä, hoitajia ja muita asiantuntijoita. Tutkimus eteni prosessina. Yhteistyöneuvottelun sanallisia kertomuksia rakennettiin narratiivisella "Categorical-Content" - ja dialogianalyysi lukutavoilla. Sanattomia kertomuksia rakennettiin QRS NVivo-tietokoneohjelmalla ja " Holistic-Content"- lukutavalla. Prosessin ensimmäisessä vaiheessa löydettiin yhteistyöneuvottelun kertomaton kertomus "häpeä". Prosessin toisessa vaiheessa rakentui yhteistoiminnallisuutta kuvaavat "aktiivinen-" ja "passiivinen osallistuja"- kertomukset. Kolmannessa vaiheessa rakentui sanallisen ja sanattoman kertomisen yhdistävä "jaettu rytminen yhteistyö"-kertomus. Tulosten mukaan psykiatrinen yhteistyöneuvottelu sisälsi kertomatonta kertomusta. Psykiatrinen yhteistyöneuvottelu oli yhteistoiminnallista, jos siihen osallistujat määrittelivät ja jakoivat yhteisen kertomisen kohteen, osallistujilla oli katsekontakti ja auktoriteetti antoi tasapuolisesti tilaa kaikille osallistujille. Yhteistoiminnallisuus edellytti asiantuntijoilta avoimia ja perusteltuja kysymyksiä. Lisäksi se edellytti, että asiantuntija vahvisti kertomisen seurauksena syntyvän tulkinnan potilaalta. Yhteistoiminnallinen hoito edellytti myös aikaa, jotta kaikki voivat tuoda näkökulmansa yhteisen kertomuksen rakentamiseen. Jaettu ymmärrys potilaan tilanteesta mahdollistui, jos kaikkien osallistujien kertomukset olivat vuorovaikutuksessa keskenään. Psykiatrinen yhteistyöneuvottelu oli asiantuntijalähtöistä, jos yhteistyöneuvottelun sisältöä rakennettiin asiantuntijoiden kertomuksista ja asiantuntijat pitäytyivät omissa kertomuksissaan. Asiantuntijalähtöinen kertominen sisälsi kontrollointia, monologia, ilmeettömyyttä ja eleettömyyttä. Asiantuntijalähtöisen kertomuksen pääpaino oli tietojen keruussa, tällöin potilaan ja hänen läheisensä tehtävänä oli tiedon antaminen.

Psychotherapists in full-time, long-term private practice face a variety of occupational demands. They usually maintain private practices for long periods of their lives often under difficult circumstances and emotional pressures and have come to sustain their practices. From literature it is revealed that various demands, as well as benefits and successes are part and parcel of working in private practice full-time. These various factors can have an impact on the well-being of psychotherapists. Apart from the literature review, the personal experience of the researcher, a psychotherapist in full-time private practice, also contributed to ideas and hypotheses about the study. From a position of exploration and further enquiry, the researcher was interested to explore the experiences of psychotherapists in full-time private practice from a fortigenic perspective. A second objective was to determine if this study could contribute to the development of the theoretical assumptions of positive psychology. The research is grounded in the theoretical perspective of positive psychology and fortigenesis. Both these fields are relatively new in psychology and seem to still be forging a niche within the discipline. This perspective was deliberately chosen due to the applicability to the exploration of strengths and vigour, with regards to the maintenance of the professional context of the psychotherapist. The qualitative research process is presented in a narrative approach by means of narrative synthesis and synergy. The findings of the research conversations are presented in the form of a literary short story. Suggestions are made about the fortigenic qualities of psychotherapists essential for maintaining their work in full-time private practice. It’s applicability and usefulness is discussed. Furthermore, suggestions are made with regards to the field of positive psychology and the way forward for this sub-discipline. Ideas relating to narrative research and qualitative research are also discussed. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Psychology / unrestricted