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Kontaktlösa betalningar med smarta telefoner / Contactless payments with smartphonesKornberg Valentine, Philip, Alkuheli, Zaid January 2021 (has links)
Företaget Hajenterprise vill göra en forskning inom kommunikation för att hantera kontaktlösa betalningar för att kunna ta betalt kontaktlöst med hjälp av mobilen. Idag används bankkort för att betala för de flesta saker. Nya betalningssätt har rört sig mot kontaktlösa köp med hjälp av smarta telefoner och NFC-teknologier. Smarta telefoner har börjat användas mer och mer i kontaktlösa köp mot point of sale (POS) terminaler. Skulle det då gå att kunna ta bort POS-terminaler och använda smarta telefoner som POS-terminaler? För att besvara detta behövdes tester utföras för att se ifall en smart telefon skulle kunna läsa ett bankkort och behandla bankkortets information. Bankkort kunde läsas av de smarta telefonerna men informationen från bankkortet kunde inte användas av den smarta telefonen för att genomföra en betalning. Detta var eftersom beroende på telefon, öppnades Samsung, Google eller Apple pay. En smart telefon kunde alltså ta emot information från ett bankkort men telefonen kunde inte använda den information för att utföra en betalning på en terminal. Utöver forskningen av olika betalningssätt, skapades en applikation där betalning skulle kunna utföras från en mobil till en annan mobil. Detta skulle ske med hjälp av Near Field Communication (NFC) och blockchain, eftersom Hajenterprise vill ha en prototyp-applikation som skulle kunna betala och ta betalt över NFC mot deras blockchain. JavaScript användes för att skapa en react native applikation som kunde fungera på både Android och iOS. Detta lade grunden så att Hajenterprise kunde använda sitt blockchain-api för mobila betalningar. / The company Hajenterprise wanted to research the area of contactless payments to see if it’s possible to Pay contactless with a mobile phone. Today bank cards are used to pay for most things. New payment methods have moved toward contactless purchases using smart phones and NFC-technologies. Smart phones have begun to be used more and more in contactless purchases at point of sale (POS) terminals. The possibility to remove POS-terminals and use smartphones instead as POS-terminals could make it easier and faster to pay. To test this, several tests were needed to see if a smartphone could read a bank card and process the card's information. Bank cards could be read by the smartphone but the information from the bank card could not be used by the smartphone to make a payment. This was because depending on the phone, Samsung, Google or Apple Pay was opened. Thus, a smart phone could receive information from a card but the phone could not use that information to make a payment at a terminal. In addition, an application was created where one could make payments from one mobile to another mobile. This would be done using Near Field Communication (NFC) and blockchain, as Hajenterprise wanted a prototype-application that could pay and charge over NFC against their blockchain. JavaScript was used to create a react native application that could work on both Android and iOS. This laid the foundation for Hajenterprise to use its blockchain API for mobile payments.
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Communicating with a Smart Pillbox via Near Field Communication (NFC) : A Mobile Application for Healthcare ProfessionalsAl-qaysi, Ibrahim January 2018 (has links)
The lack of medication adherence leads to an incremental risk of diseases which can be a major burden on the individual, healthcare system, and society. Hence, healthcare professionals have a central role and should manage, guide, educate, and make their patient more involved in their treatment and thereby promoting a better medication adherence. Medication adherence is a great challenge for many patients with chronic conditions, elderly patient, or patient prescribed to long-term medication. The rapid development and deployment of mobile phones in the healthcare industry has an important role to play in this area and has led to the development of new phone features and applications that can help both caregivers and patients with managing and monitoring medication intakes. This development and support of mobile phones and applications have created and improved doctor-patient interaction. Today, there is no easy way for healthcare professionals to monitor and help patients with their medication intakes. A solution to this problem is to develop a mobile application that communicates with a smart pillbox via near field communication (NFC) to monitor, manage, and improve patient’s medication intakes in an easy and accessible manner. Using NFC as a communication technology allows data to be wirelessly transferred from phone to pillbox and vice versa. This solution will help healthcare professionals to create better treatment conditions and fewer side effects for their patients. These patients will be more knowledgeable and motivated to take greater responsibility in following doctor’s instructions, thereby improving their treatment process. The application is tested and evaluated during every iteration phase of the development process. These tests have been conducted by allowing healthcare professionals to test the application and provide feedback on their experience when using the app. Conducting these tests have helped with generating new ideas, features, and functionalities, but also helped to improve the user interface to make the application as user-friendly as possible. / Bristen på medicinering följsamhet leder till en ökad risk för sjukdomar som kan vara en stor belastning för individen, vårdsystemet och samhället. Hälsooch sjukvårdspersonal har därför en central roll och bör hantera, vägleda, utbilda och göra patienten mer delaktig i behandlingen och därigenom främja en bättre medicinering följsamhet. Medicinering följsamhet är en stor utmaning för många patienter med kroniska tillstånd, äldre patient eller patient som är ordinerad för långvarig medicinering. Den snabba utvecklingen och användningen av mobiltelefoner inom vårdindustrin har en viktig roll att spela i detta område och har lett till utvecklingen av nya funktioner och applikationer som kan hjälpa både vårdgivare och patienter med att hantera och övervaka medicinsk intag. Denna utveckling och support av mobiltelefoner och applikationer har skapat och förbättrat interaktion mellan läkare och patient. Idag finns det inget enkelt sätt för sjukvårdspersonal att övervaka och hjälpa patienter med sina medicinintag. En lösning på detta problem är att utveckla en mobilapplikation som kommer att kommunicera med en smart pillbox via nära fältkommunikation (eng. Near Field Communication, NFC) för att övervaka, hantera och förbättra patientens medicinintag på ett enkelt och tillgängligt sätt. Med hjälp av NFC som kommunikationsteknik kommer data att överföras trådlöst från telefon till pillerdosa och vice versa. Denna lösning kommer att hjälpa vårdpersonal att skapa bättre behandlingsförhållanden och färre biverkningar för sina patienter. Dessa patienter kommer i sin tur att vara mer kunniga och motiverade att ta större ansvar i efterföljande läkares instruktioner och därigenom förbättra deras behandlingsprocess. Applikationen har testat och utvärderat under varje iteration av utvecklingsprocessen. Dessa tester har utförts genom att låta vårdpersonal testa applikationen och ge feedback på hur dem upplevar applikationen. Dessa tester hjälper till att skapa nya idéer, funktioner och funktioner som bör ingå i den slutliga applikationen, men också bidra till att förbättra användargränssnittet för att göra ansökan så användarvänlig som möjligt.
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Using Near-Field Communication (NFC) to Improve Messaging Privacy on Android OS / Using Near-Field Communication (NFC) to Improve Messaging Privacy on Android OSKarmazín, Jaromír January 2016 (has links)
V této práci vytváříme jednoduchý systém pro rychlou textovou komunikaci (IM), který využívá technologii Near-Field Communication (NFC) ke zlepšení bezpečnosti a soukromí. V první části zkoumáme samotnou technologii NFC. Poté se věnujeme možnostem NFC v operačním systému Android pro chytrá mobilní zařízení a také existujícím aplikacím, které tyto možnosti využívají. Rovněž zkoumáme nejmodernější přístup k bezpečnému IM, zejména Signal Protocol a jeho open-source implementaci pro Android. Dále pak navrhujeme IM systém, který používá Signal Protocol pro šifrování zpráv a NFC pro výměnu kryptografického materiálu, aniž by vyžadoval použití telefonních čísel nebo důvěryhodnou třetí stranu. Nakonec předkládáme vzorovou implementaci klientské i serverové aplikace a zhodnocení vlastností tohoto systému z hlediska soukromí a bezpečí.
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Contactless Mobile Payments entering Europe : The contactless mobile payment ecosystem and potential on the European marketAndrén Meiton, Emelie, Lagström, Marie January 2011 (has links)
Abstract Contactless mobile payments are a payment method done with a mobile phone and a contactless technology. Instead of paying with cash, a payment card or a cheque, a user can tap its mobile phone onto a terminal to pay. Across the globe, several markets have been embracing the need for new payment methods. In Asia, contactless mobile payments have been used since 2004. In some of the African countries, due to an insufficient banking industry, mobile payments have been the only electronic payment method. However, in Europe contactless mobile payments are still in their initial phase. The benefits of contactless mobile payments are that they are easier to use, faster and more secure. However, there are some implications. Firstly, the lack of standardisations regarding how the technology will work has led to an undefined ecosystem consisting of many stakeholders with different motives. Secondly, in order for contactless mobile payments to break significant ground the users need to change their existing payment methods and habits. This is a time consuming process, which will require consistency and patience. The research purpose of this thesis has been to define the contactless mobile payment ecosystem with its future potential on the European market. The research paradigm has been of an interpretive nature where the researchers’ interpretations on the information have been in focus. In order to answer the research purpose, an action research has been conducted, including an analysis the of Porter’s Five Forces model applied on the current contactless mobile payment ecosystem with its various stakeholders, the attendance at the annual NFC Congress in Austria as well as an experimental case study on Google. 3The findings of the action research have resulted in new definition of the current contactless mobile payment stakeholder ecosystem. In this new definition of the ecosystem, the user has been defined as the strongest force, hence has been placed in the centre encircled by mobile network operators, banks, merchants and transit authorities. In the ecosystem handset manufactures, operating system providers, technology vendors, cash handling organisations, card networks, POS terminal manufactures and governmental bodies have also been represented. The vision of the case study on Google has been to present a market entry strategy for how Google could enter the European market of contactless mobile payments. The research resulted in a proposition that Google would enter the market in the following order; the UK, France, Turkey, Russia, Germany, Spain and Italy. The conclusions of the research have been that contactless mobile payments will cut across an entire ecosystem, but that the ecosystem at the moment is not fully defined. To achieve a competitive position, a stakeholder has to deliver an outstanding user experience that is interoperable within the whole European market. Keywords: Contactless mobile payments, near field communication (NFC), mobile payment ecosystem, payment ecosystem, Google, Android
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Mobile ID in physical access control applicationsSimonetti, Jose Eduardo 10 November 2016 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2016-11-10 / Today there exist a myriad of different types of physical access control systems (PACS) that use a smart card or mobile device as a key. The mobile device enabled smart locks, as they are often referred to, operate using either Wi-Fi or Bluetooth. This thesis has explored the use of a third emerging wireless technology called Near Field Communication (NFC) available in mobile devices such as smartphones. Near Field Communication (NFC) technology is a relatively new technology that is on the rise and is included in almost every new mobile device. By leveraging Near Field Communication (NFC) enabled mobile devices, a highly secure access control system can be achieved and developed taking advantage of the computational power of smartphones in comparison to traditional methods the business implications are huge, Several different authentication and encryption protocols, mobile operating systems and Near Field Communication (NFC) modes of operation where analyzed and evaluated. After considerations technical considerations the Secure Remote Password authentication protocol on top of Near Field Communication (NFC) card emulation (CE) scheme with the client application running on smartphones operating system (OS) was selected. This thesis shows that Near Field Communication (NFC) enables a mobile device to act as a key in a secure access control system (PACS) and as the user base for NFC grows larger so will the likelihood that we will come to see more of these types of systems in business and organizations.
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Vers un environnement logiciel générique et ouvert pour le développement d'applications NFC sécurisées / Towards a generic and open software environment for the development of Secure NFC applicationsLesas, Anne-Marie 14 September 2017 (has links)
Dans le domaine des transactions et du paiement électronique avec une carte à puce, le standard de communication en champ proche « Near Field Communication » (NFC) s’est imposé comme la technologie des transactions sans contact mobiles sécurisées pour le paiement, le contrôle d’accès, ou l’authentification. Les services sans contact mobiles sécurisés sont basés sur le mode émulation de carte du standard NFC qui implique une composante matérielle à accès restreint de type carte à puce appelée « Secure Element » (SE) dans laquelle sont stockées les données confidentielles et les fonctions sensibles. Malgré les efforts de standardisation de l'écosystème, les modèles proposés pour la mise en œuvre du SE sont complexes et souffrent du manque de généricité, à la fois pour offrir des mécanismes d’abstraction, pour le développement d’applications de haut niveau, et pour la mise en œuvre et la vérification des contraintes de sécurité des applications.L’objectif de la thèse est de concevoir et réaliser un environnement logiciel basé sur un modèle générique compatible avec les standards établis et peu sensible aux évolutions technologiques. Cet environnement devrait permettre à des non-experts de développer des applications multiplateformes, multimodes, multi-facteurs de forme, qui s’interfacent avec le SE dans un smartphone NFC. / In the field of electronic transactions and payment with a smart card, the Near Field Communication (NFC) standard has stood out against other candidate technologies for secure mobile contactless transactions for payment, access control, or authentication. Secure mobile contactless services are based on the card emulation mode of the NFC standard which involves a smart card type component with restricted access called "Secure Element" (SE) in which sensitive data and sensitive functions are securely stored and run. Despite considerable standardization efforts around the SE ecosystem, the proposed models for the implementation of SE are complex and suffer from the lack of genericity, both to offer abstraction mechanisms, for the development of high-level applications, and for the implementation and verification of applications security constraints.The objective of the thesis is to design and realize a software environment based on a generic model that complies with established standards and which is not very sensitive to technological evolutions. This environment should enable non-experts to develop multi-platform, multi-mode, multi-factor SE-based applications running into the NFC smartphone.
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Jämförande analys av kontaktlösa betalningar med bankkort och smarttelefon ur ett säkerhetsperspektiv / Comparative analysis of contactless payment with cards and smartphones from a security perspectiveHolmberg Tvingstedt, Tove January 2022 (has links)
Att betala med kort är idag standardiserat, men något som också är väldigt vanligt är att betala kontaktlöst. Detta kan göras både med ett kontaktlöst kort eller med en smarttelefon. Teknologin som möjliggör detta är närfältskommunikation. Examensarbetet undersöker hur säkerheten i dessa betalningsmetoder är uppbyggd, vad det finns för säkerhetsproblem samt hur användningen kan se ut i framtiden. Den primära frågeställningen var att undersöka om det är lika säkert eller till och med säkrare att använda en smarttelefon för kontaktlösa betalningar jämfört med ett kontaktlöst kort. För att undersöka detta, gjordes en omfattande litteraturstudie och en enkätundersökning. Resultatet av examensarbetet visade på att det fanns olika typer av hot och sårbarheter som exempelvis avlyssning, modifikation och korruption av data, reläattacker, skadlig applikation och programvara, svag autentisering och manipulation av applikationer. Det fanns även flertalet aspekter som påverkade hur väl dessa hot kunde utföras, bland annat tokenisering, kryptering men även det korta avståndet som krävs och social ingenjörskonst. Det upptäcktes även att attackytan skiljde sig mellan metoderna. Smarttelefonen hade flertalet hot och sårbarheter som ofta baseras på att det finns ett användargränssnitt, att enheten har ett annat användningsområde, och exempelvis skadlig programvara och ”rootade” enheter. När en enhet är ”rootad” betyder det att användaren får en annan typ av åtkomstkontroll. Enkätundersökningen visade att ungefär hälften av deltagarna kan tänka sig använda smarttelefonen i framtiden för att utföra kontaktlösa betalningar. / To pay with a card is standardized today, but something that is also very common is to pay contactless. This is possible to do with a contactless card or with a smartphone. The technology that makes this possible is Near Field Communication. This thesis examines how the security in these payment methods is structured, which security issues exists but also how the use may look in the future. The thesis also includes to investigate if it is as safe or even safer to use a smartphone for contactless payments compared to a contactless card. To investigate this, an extensive literature study and a questionnaire survey was conducted. The results of the thesis showed that there were different types of threats and vulnerabilities such as eavesdropping, data modification, data corruption, relay-attacks but also malicious application and software, weak authentication, and manipulation of applications. However, there were also several aspects that affected how well these threats could be carried out, including tokenization, encryption but also the short distance required and social engineering. It was also discovered that the attack surface differed between the two methods. The smartphone had several threats and vulnerabilities many of them existed since there is a user interface, and that the device is used in other ways. For example, malware and “rooted” devices, when a device is “rooted” it means that the user gets another type of access control for the device. The survey showed that about half of the participants may be willing to use a smartphone in the future to make contactless payments.
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Mobile Reisebegleitung mit NFC-UnterstützungPfanstiel, Jörn, Keller, Christine, Funke, Alexandra, Heinig, Tristan, Schlegel, Thomas January 2012 (has links)
Die zunehmende Nutzung [1] persönlicher mobiler Geräte durch immer mehr Fahrgäste des öffentlichen Personenverkehrs (ÖPV) begünstigt die Entwicklung neuer Applikationen, die den allgegenwärtigen Zugriff auf domänenspezifische Inhalte und Echtzeitdaten über variable Schnittstellen und Informationskanäle realisieren. Near Field Communication (NFC) gilt in diesem Zusammenhang als eine vielversprechende Technologie, die neben kontaktloser Datenübertragung auch Bezahlvorgänge direkt über das mobile Endgerät ermöglicht. Mit Blick auf die unterschiedlichen Einsatzmöglichkeiten von NFC in der mobilen Reisebegleitung wird in diesem Beitrag eine ikonografische Klassifikation für die visualisierte Analyse von Anwendungsszenarien vorgestellt, welche zur Planung ubiquitärer Applikationen im ÖPV eingesetzt werden kann.
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