This study measured identity style and identity status within military and academic populations (N = 286) to investigate whether low levels of identity commitment predict dissatisfaction in meeting basic psychological needs. Analysis of identity style and identity status subscales examined the reliability of traditional measures of identity in an atypical emerging adult population. Group comparisons based on participant characteristics (identity commitment, work experience, age, combat experience) explored differences between and within institutions. Results supported the reliability of traditional identity measures in a non-traditional population. A diffuse identity status and diffuse identity style both significantly predicted lower reported levels of psychological needs satisfaction across and within institutions (p < .001). Additionally, full-time college participants who were also affiliated with military service reported significantly higher levels of identity commitment p < .001, ηp2 = .10. Findings are discussed and potential identity related research directions examined.

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) represent a growing category of children who have special health care needs. Recent Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates suggest that 1 in 88 children in the United States have an ASD (CDC, 2012). Due to difficulty with communication, social skills, and restricted and/or repetitive behaviors that comprise current diagnostic criteria (APA, 2013), children with ASD require significant medical, mental health, and therapeutic supports that contribute to greater heath care utilization costs than persons without ASD (e.g., Shimabukuro, Grosse, & Rice, 2008). Therapies such as occupational, physical, and speech therapy are among recommended services provided to remediate functional or behavioral needs (Johnson & Myer, 2007). Studies investigating access to healthcare services such as diagnostic and genetic screening or primary care are frequently published in the literature; however, few studies examine access to needed therapy services. The purpose of this study was to examine population-based trends in therapy service access in children with ASD compared to children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and cerebral palsy (CP) using two waves of the National Survey for Children with Special Health Care Needs (NS-CSHCN). Additionally, this study aimed to identify predisposing, enabling, and need characteristics that predicted lack of access to therapy across the two cross-sectional points in time. Parent-reported contextual characteristics that potentially limited access to needed therapy services were compared between survey time periods (2005-06 and 2009-10). Results of this study suggest that children with ASD are significantly more likely to not receive needed therapy services than children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but are similar in their unmet need for therapy compared to children with cerebral palsy (CP). Significant predictors of an unmet need for therapy were having a current ASD diagnosis, age, uninsured status, greater functional limitation, and having a reported behavior problem. The only access problem that differentiated children from ASD from ADHD and CP was “difficulty finding a provider accepting insurance”. Implications of these results are discussed in the context of Andersen’s Behavioral Model of Health Service Use and recommendations for future research are presented.

This cross-sectional study examined differences in family needs (informational, social, financial, health, and household support), caregiver mental health (depression, satisfaction with life, vitality, social functioning, and emotional role limitations), and caregiver burden (personal life, guilt, and psychological) among caregivers of individuals with traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, and dementia from cities in Colombia and Mexico (N = 343). The study also examined the connections among family needs, caregiver mental health, and caregiver burden in the combined sample of caregivers of individuals with neurological conditions. Many significant differences were identified among groups, and implications are discussed. Family needs, caregiver mental health, and burden were all robustly associated with each other, with financial and social support needs, depression, and burden-personal life and guilt emerging as particularly important. Clinicians should focus on helping caregivers meet financial and social support needs in order to positively influence caregiver burden and mental health.

OBJECTIVE: This study explores psychological experiences that may influence service members’ self-concepts and future orientations. As stable, optimistic, future orientations have been associated with resilience to psychological distress and suicidality (Johnson, et al., 2011), it is worthwhile to explore how service members’ attitudes toward the future might be shaped in the context of intrapersonal and interpersonal experiences. METHOD: Data were collected from service members of the Virginia National Guard (N = 192) and included a Transportation unit, an Engineer unit, an Infantry unit and a group with no specific unit affiliation or substantive military experience. The study is a cross-sectional design that seeks support for the hypothesis that interpersonal and intrapersonal psychological needs differentially influence one’s future orienation. RESULTS: Analysis demonstrated that autonomy, competence and relatedness each play partial mediating roles with respect to the identity style-identity commitment relationship. Further analysis demonstrated that all three psychological needs also significantly predict identity commitment, but that the intrapersonal needs of autonomy and competence are stronger predictors than the interpersonal need, relatedness. The competing hypothesis that psychological needs balance would outperform the psychological needs variables as predictors of identity commitment was not confirmed. CONCLUSIONS: The data indicate that all three psychological needs variables are significantly influential (by degree and category) with regard to protective factors that involve identity-based processes and identity-based beliefs. Implications and areas for future research are discussed.

Purpose: This study examined differences in oral health status and dental treatment needs by HMO regions in Virginia. Methods: The Division of Dental Health (DDH), Virginia Department of Health (VDH), completed the 1999 Virginia Oral Health Needs Assessment (VSOHNA) with the cooperation of the Virginia Department of Education. The survey used a probability proportional to size (PPS) sample design in selecting school children from public schools in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Surface (DMFS/dfs) and tooth-level (DMFT/dft) data were collected as indicators of dental disease on all children. Child-level data was also recorded for each student consisting of age, race, gender, enrollment in a free and reduced lunch program, medical insurance status, dental insurance status, and history of dental visits. A descriptive and regression analysis was completed to examine the relationship between HMO regions and oral health status indicators. Results: The survey included more than 5,000 children in 200 schools and 52 school districts. The mean DMFT/dft levels were 1.47 (.33) and 1.7 (.03), respectively. The mean level of untreated decay (dt) for all schoolchildren was 0.66 (0.01). First graders had the highest levels of untreated disease at 0.71, while third graders had a mean of 0.66. The Central region of the state appeared to have the highest level of untreated decay. Conclusion: There were no significant differences in the percentage of "caries-free" children between the HMO regions. Untreated dental disease of Virginia schoolchildren varied according to the region in which they lived.

The thesis is focused on issues of motivation for learning of pupils at the end of primary school. The first part of the thesis elaborates theoretical solutations to the process of the motivation for learning of pupils at school. It explains the definition of motivation in the pedagogical and psychological point of view. The thesis also introduces internal and external factors which are considered to create the motivation for learning. For the support of the motivation a teacher has to know the age specifics of the children, orientation of their personality and their learning style. The crucial sources of the motivation for learning are cognitive needs, social needs and achievement needs which participate in individual motivation orientation of children. In the case the needs are not developed or satisfied they may happen to be frustrated and manifested as boredom or fear. The action research in the second part ot the thesis watch which methods the class teacher uses to actualizate and develop the needs of her pupils. The complementary research is made with other teachers of the pupils at this age and investigates the competence to react to the motivation requirements of their pupils. This research also finds the subjective reactions of these pupils. The results of the research proved that pupils...

This thesis deals with the functioning of the family in connection with the physiological and psychosocial development of children. It also describes the reasons why children are taken away from the family and the options of residential care. The first option is institutional care in orphanages and therefore we mention several organisations that offer projects to help these children in particular to have an easier entry to life after the completion of institutional care. The empirical part of this study analyses the background, the habits and also the preparation of young adults to leave the orphanage in two institutions: Primary school and Orphanage Přestavlky and Orphanage Klánovice. It includes personal life stories of several children not only from the two orphanages but also from children brought up in foster care. The main goal of this thesis was to find out whether the children brought up in orphanages have different vision of the future in comparison with children raised in foster care. The results of our open- ended interview survey are presented in the final part of this paper.

Title of the work : Motivation of the equitation Aim of the work: The goal of this work was to get to know the deep recognition of the motivation of people practising the equitation. We tried to find out not only what kind of people are interested in the equitation but also what are their reasons to take up this activity and finally an answer the question why it became their life philosophy forever. We can ask the question: " What is the real motivation of these people coming back every day to the stable to devote their entire energies to this physically and mentally demanded activity with a very uncertain result?" Methods of processing data : This work is based on the empirical methods of the scientific research as well as the content analysis of the relevant literature together with the officials Internet websites. I have chosen for my work the method of questionnaire investigation/examination/ combined with dialogues. The results were compiled in stats using Excel programme. Key words: Motivation, equitation, interests, needs, interspecies relationship Results: The results of exploration point out that the most important motivation for the horsemen being interviewed is the relationship with a horse, it means with a representative of the different animal species. Apart from this, another...

Consumption rooms for drug users are implemented as a tool of tertiary prevention by a number of European countries. These services are based on harm reduction philosophy. The objectives of these programs include minimizing health risks, overdose prevention, motivating users to change their lifestyle. Consumption room has also effect in reduction of negative effects associated with open drug scenes such as the drug consumption in public places. The thesis is about a need analysis of a theoretical application of a consumption room in the capital city Prague. After a theoretical introduction, which introduces the background of the project, the project objectives and examples of foreign practice presented in a literature, are presented the results of qualitative research. The aim of the research, conducted by the technique of semi-structured interview, is to answer the basic questions of needs and expectations of potential users, experts in the treatment and prevention of addiction and other persons who may be considered as involved from the perspective of discussion about consumption. Based on the indicators of the need for drug consumption rooms and based on respondents answers, installation of this low-threshold program appears to be as appropriate in capital city Prague. Respondents of the research...

The motivation behind the revival and development of roller derby may provide valuable insight to the structure of established sports regarding athlete engagement, drop-out, and well-being. To investigate the relationship of the cross-theoretical concepts, self-reported satisfaction and thwarting of basic psychological needs, and peer motivational climate of 255 high-level flat track roller derby athletes was examined in a cross-sectional design. Hierarchal regression analysis showed low effects of basic needs satisfaction on performance. Basic psychological need satisfaction and thwarting predicted 63% of the experienced task-involved motivational climate variance and 25% of ego-involved motivational climate. Relatedness proved strongest in predicting both types of peer motivational climates. In conclusion, the employed study method, limitations of the study, and recommendations for future research are discussed. / Motivationen bakom återuppväckandet och utvecklingen av roller derby kan bidra med värdefull insikt i etablerade idrotters struktur gällande idrottares engagemang, avhopp, och välmående. Studiens syfte var att undersöka relationen mellan tvär-teoretiska koncept. Med en tvärsnittsdesign undersöks självrapporterad upplevelse av tillfredsställda och nedtryckta psykologiska behov, samt motivationsklimat hos 255 högpresterande flat track roller derby idrottare. Hierarkisk regressionsanalys påvisade svag effekt av behovstillfredsställelse på prestation. Grundläggande psykologisk behovstillfredsställelse och nedtryck förklarade 63% av variansen i det uppgiftsorienterade motivationsklimatet, och 25% av det ego-orienterade motivationsklimatet. Samhörighet visade på störst förutsägbarhet på båda typerna av motivationsklimat. Avslutningsvis diskuteras studiens metod och begränsningar, samt förslag på framtida studier.