Integravus vaikus su negalia į bendrojo lavinimo mokyklas, mokytojui, ugdančiam šiuos vaikus, iškyla nemažai rūpesčių. Tapo aktualu ištirti mokytojo padėjėjo veiklą ir apibūdinti mokytojo padėjėjo vaidmenis bendrojo lavinimo mokykloje. Siekiant spęsti šią problemą buvo iškeltas toks tyrimo tikslas: atskleisti svarbiausius mokytojo padėjėjo vaidmenis, kuriant palankias mokymosi sąlygas mokiniams, turintiems specialiųjų ugdymosi poreikių, bendrojo lavinimo mokykloje. Šiam tikslui pasiekti buvo suformuluota keletas uždavinių: išanalizuoti specialiosios pagalbos teorinius pagrindus; atskleisti bendrojo lavinimo mokyklų mokytojų ir mokinių tėvų lūkesčius mokytojo padėjėjo pagalbai; įvertinti bendrojo lavinimo mokykloje dirbančių mokytojų padėjėjų atliekamų vaidmenų kryptingumą, nustatyti mokytojo padėjėjo veiklos ryšius su kitais ugdymo proceso dalyviais, pateikti siūlymų dėl mokytojų padėjėjų rengimo. Empirinis tyrimas atskleidė visuomenės lūkesčius: mokytojo padėjėjas turėtų būti kiekvienoje klasėje, turėtų turėti specialųjį pedagoginį – psichologinį išsilavinimą ir turėtų padėti mokiniams turintiems specialiųjų poreikių bendradarbiauti su mokytojais, padėti mokytojui ir mokiniui atlikti pateiktas užduotis, judėti mokykloje, orientuotis aplinkoje. Tyrimo metu gauti rezultatai rodo, kad mokytojo padėjėjas atlieka tokius vaidmenis: pagalbininko mokytojui, pagalbininko mokiniui, tarpininko tarp mokinio ir mokytojo, prižiūrėtojo, draugo. Siekdami įvertinti jų kryptingumą, ištyrėme... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / As the disabled children have been integrated in comprehensive schools their teachers encounter many problems. Therefore, analysis of assistant teacher functions and description of his/her roles in a comprehensive school has become relevant. To resolve the issue the following aim of the research was put: to reveal basic roles of assistant teacher in creating favourable learning environment for children with specific education needs in comprehensive schools. To achieve the said aim several tasks have been formulated: to analyze theoretical bases of specific assistance; to reveal expectations of comprehensive school teachers and schoolchildren parents in regard of assistant teacher functions; to evaluate functional singleness of roles of assistant teachers working in comprehensive schools; to ascertain relations of assistant teacher activity with activities of other participants of educational process and to give suggestions on training assistant teachers. The empirical study carried out has disclosed social expectations: an assistant teacher should be in each and every class, he/she must have specific pedagogical and psychological education, help children with specific needs to cooperate with teachers, help teachers and children do their tasks, move across a school and orient in the environment. Results of the study show an assistant teacher has the following roles: he/she is an assistant to a teacher, an assistant to a child, an intermediate between a child and a teacher, a... [to full text]

Visuomenėje jaunimo agresyvumas didėja. Nors mokslinėje literatūroje plačiai išnagrinėta paauglių agresyvaus elgesio problema, tačiau beveik nėra tyrimų apie paauglių, turinčių specialiųjų ugdymosi poreikių, agresijos apraiškas specialiojoje mokykloje. Įvairūs pasaulio mokslininkai paauglių agresyvaus elgesio priežastis sieja su biologinėmis, socialinėmis, asmenybės ir psichologinėmis priežastimis Šio tyrimo tikslas ir buvo – išsiaiškinti galimas paauglių agresijos specialiojoje mokykloje formas ir priežastis. Kelti uždaviniai – 1. Išanalizuoti agresijos aiškinimo teorijas. 2. Išsiaiškinti paauglių agresyvaus elgesio sąsajas su psichologinės raidos ypatumais 3. Apibūdinti paauglių, turinčių specialiųjų ugdymosi poreikių, negalės ir agresyvaus elgesio ryšį. 4. Nustatyti paauglių agresijos apraiškų kilmę ir veiksnius,įtakojančius jų agresyvų elgesį specialiojoje mokykloje. Tyrimas atliktas 3 specialiosiose mokyklose. Naudoti tyrimo metodai –anoniminės anketos ir pusiau struktūruotas interviu. 50 pedagogų ir kitų specialistų apibūdino 110 specialiųjų mokyklų paauglių. Trys specialieji pedagogai interviu metodu patikslino gautą anketomis informaciją. Nustatyta, kad specialiosiose mokyklose pasitaiko agresijos apraiškų, tačiau jos nėra dažnos. Dažniausiai reiškiasi verbalinė agresija ( keiksmai, pravardžiavimai, erzinimas), mažiausiai fizinė. Negalė nedaro didelės įtakos paauglių agresyvumo apraiškoms specialiojoje mokykloje. Agresyvų elgesį gali įtakoti paauglystės raidos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Aggressiveness of youngsters has been growing in the society. Scientific literature has deeply and widely analyzed the problem of teenagers‘ aggression. However, there are almost no studies on aggression signs in special schools of teenagers having special upbringing needs. Various global scientists relate reasons for teenagers‘ aggression with biological, sociological, personal and psychological problems. The purpose of this study is to explore potential teenagers‘ aggression forms and causes in special schools. The goals are the following: 1. To analyze the theory of aggressiveness. 2. To explore the connections between teenagers’ aggressiveness and psychological development issues. 3. To define the connections between disabilities and aggressiveness of teenagers with special upbringing needs. 4. To determine th origins of aggression manifestations and factors influencing pupils‘ behavior in special schools. The study was carried out in 3 special schools. The methods used for the study – anonymous questionnaires and in-depth interviews. 50 teachers and other specialists described 110 teenagers from special schools. Three teachers helped to revise the information from questionnaires through in-depth interview. It was found that there are aggression sings in special schools, but they are not frequent. The most frequent is verbal aggression (swear-words, passages, raillery), less frequent is physical aggression. Disability has no influence on signs of aggression in special... [to full text]

Bakalauro darbe analizuojami VIII klasių nedidelių specialiųjų ugdymosi poreikių turinčių mokinių, besimokančių bendrojo lavinimo mokykloje, matematikos gebėjimai bei raštingumas. Suformuluota hipotezė, jog tikėtina, kad nedidelių specialiųjų ugdymosi poreikių turinčių mokinių, besimokančių bendrojo lavinimo mokykloje, matematiniai gebėjimai atitinka Nacionalinio mokinių pasiekimų tyrimo testų vertinimo instrukcijoje aprašytą patenkinamą pasiekimų lygmenį. Tyrime dalyvavo 40 VIII klasių nedidelių specialiųjų ugdymosi poreikių turintys mokiniai, besimokantys bendrojo lavinimo mokyklose. Kontrolinio matematikos testo metodu tirta, kaip nedidelių specialiųjų ugdymosi poreikių turintys mokiniai geba pritaikyti turimas matematikos žinias, spręsdami uždavinius ir kokie yra jų gebėjimai. Tyrimu nustatyta, kad VIII klasės nedidelių specialiųjų ugdymosi poreikių turinčių mokinių žinios ir gebėjimai atitinka matematikos programoje nurodytus minimalius reikalavimus, tačiau šios žinios nėra tvirtos, mokiniai ne visada gebėjo jas taikyti praktinėje veikloje sprendžiant uždavinius. Todėl beveik visose užduotyse buvo daroma klaidų. Išanalizavus tyrimo rezultatus pastebėta, kad geriausiai moksleiviams sekėsi atlikti geometrijos turinio srities uždavinius, spręsti aritmetines eilutes bei kitus lengvesnio pobūdžio veiksmus, kuriuose buvo pateikti atsakymo variantai. Kiek sunkiau mokiniams sekėsi atlikti tuos uždavinius, kuriuose reikėjo skaičius kelti laipsniu, rasti pradinę prekės kainą ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Mathematic and mathematical literacy are very important parts of personality and of all society. There are things which make an influence on human daily life, work and others. These things are important in education too because schoolchildren have to know that these subjects are necessary not only now but it will be need in the future too. The bachelor work deals with schoolchildren of 8th classes and who have small special educational needs. The purpose of investigation was to explore mathematical abilities of children with small special educational needs. It is hypothesized, that probably children’s with small special educational needs who learn in comprehensive school mathematical abilities adequate achievement level of satisfactory which was written in National schoolchildren achievement, in instruction of investigation’s evaluation tests. Forty schoolchildren with small educational needs of 8th classes participated in this investigation. The respondents were selected from Šiauliai, Skuodas, Kupiškis comprehensive schools. They had to work a sums which were taken from National schoolchildren achievements investigation in 2007. The results of investigation showed that schoolchildren with small special educational needs don’t have enough information of mathematic, so their mathematical abilities are not good too. Some results of worksheet were comparable with normal schoolchildren of the same age. Results of these people were better because they were done less mistakes... [to full text]

Darbe atlikta teorinė pedagogo kompetencijos sampratos; pedagogo kompetencijos analizė jos rengimo kontekste; bendrojo lavinimo mokyklų SUP turinčių mokinių ugdymosi poreikių tenkinimo analizė. Anketinės apklausos metodu buvo atliktas tyrimas, kurio tikslas - atskleisti pedagogų kompetencijų struktūrą ir plėtojimo galimybes, ugdant specialiųjų ugdymosi poreikių turinčius vaikus. Atlikta statistinė duomenų analizė. Tyrime dalyvavo 203 Marijampolės apskrities pedagogai, dirbantys su specialiųjų ugdymosi poreikių turinčiais mokiniais. Empirinėje dalyje nagrinėjama pedagogo kompetencijos ypatumai, dirbant su specialiųjų ugdymosi poreikių turinčiais vaikais; pedagogų nuostatos į specialiųjų ugdymosi poreikių turinčių vaikų ugdymą ir profesinį tobulėjimą šioje srityje. Svarbiausios empirinio tyrimo išvados: 1. Pastarųjų metų pasikeitimai visos Lietuvos gyvenime diktuoja ir naujus reikalavimus pedagogo kompetencijai. Pedagogų nuomone, nepakanka, kad tobulėtų žinios, mokėjimai ir įgūdžiai, reikia, kad jis pats gebėtų keistis: nuo orientacijos į teorines žinias į vyksmą ir veikimą darant poveikį, kartu mokantis ir kuriant. 2. Apibendrinant tyrimo duomenis galima teigti, kad apklaustųjų pedagogų nuomone, mokyklose kol kas nepakankama ugdymo kokybė, švietimo įstaigų aplinka nėra palanki mokymuisi nei fizine nei psichologine prasme. Švietimo finansavimo modeliai kol kas negarantuoja visiško specialiojo ugdymo paslaugų suteikimo kokybės, ypač bendrojo lavinimo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Thesis includes theoretical analysis of educator‘s competence definition; analysis of educator‘s competence in the context of its training; analysis of meeting the requirements of educational needs of pupils with special needs at secondary school. Questionnaire survey method was used in the research with the aim to reveal the structure and development potential of teacher’s competencies in teaching children with special educational needs. There was done the statistical analysis of the data. The study involved 203 teachers in Marijampole County who work with children with special educational needs. Empirical chapter includes the discussions about characteristics of teacher competence; teachers‘ attitudes towards education of children with special educational needs and teachers‘ professional developement in this area. The main conclusions of the research: 1. Summary of the problems of teacher training highlights the fact that current changes in the life of the whole Lithuania bring new requirements for teacher competence. In their opinion, there is not enough to gain knowledge and to develope abilities and skills; teacher must be able to change from the orientation to theoretical knowledge into practical aktivities that affect the child and develope the ability to learn and to create. 2. Summary of the data of the research, according to the opinion of teachers who participated in the survey, shows the lack of education quality; the educational... [to full text]

Prostatacancer är en av de mest vanliga cancersjukdomarna globalt sett och den vanligaste cancerformen i Sverige. Om männen när de får diagnosen är i en relation med någon kan även denna person påverkas av detta. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka dessa partners erfarenhet av att leva med en man med prostatacancer. En litteraturöversikt baserad på kvalitativt material utfördes. Femton artiklar analyserades och åtta kategorier kunde identifieras: rsn, Anhörigvårdare, Information, Stöd, Sexualitet och Intimitet, Team, Kommunikation och Vardagen. Resultatet visade att kvinnor ofta tar på sig rollen som anhörigvårdare och att de visade ett behov av ytterligare information och stöd. Det sexuella samlivet var även något som kvinnorna ansåg påverkades som en följd av impotensen mannen drabbades av efter behandling. Vissa kvinnor beskrev hur de bemötte cancern tillsammans med sin man som en enhet. En bra kommunikation mellan kvinnorna och deras män uppfattades av vissa kvinnor som viktigt. Många kvinnor beskrev hur deras liv förändrades att de använde sig av olika strategier för att klara av vardagen. När kvinnor antar rollen som anhörigvårdare är det viktigt för dem att de från sjukvården får rätt typ av information och stöd i rätt tidpunkt för att för att kunna förbereda sig för och hantera denna roll. Sjukvården behöver därför utveckla riktlinjer så att kvinnornas behov inkluderas i vårdprocesserna kring mannen. / Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers globally and the most common cancer in Sweden. If the men when diagnosed are in a relationship with someone, this person may be affected by this. The purpose of this study was to examine the partner's experience of living with a man with prostate cancer. A literature review based on qualitative material was carried out. Fifteen articles were analyzed and eight categories were identified: Changed outlook on life, Caregiver, Information, Support, Sexuality and Intimacy, Team, Communication, and Daily Life. The results showed that women often take on the role of caregivers and that they showed a need for additional information and support. According to women, the impotence the men suffered from after treatment had an impact on their sex-life. Although the women prioritized that their husbands were still alive instead of a functional sex-life many felt that their sex-life had been affected in a negative sense. Some women described how they responded to the cancer with her husband as a unit. Good communication between women and their husbands were perceived by some women as important. Many women described how their life changed and that they used various strategies to cope with everyday life. When women assume the role of caregivers it's important for them to have the right kind of information at the right time given to them by health care providers, this in order to be able to prepare for and respond to the role as a caregiver. Health services therefore need to develop guidelines to ensure that the needs of women are included in the care processes of the men.

People born 1940-1949 will be more demanding regarding help from the elder care than previous generations. The explanation often proposed is that people born in the 1940’s grew up after the Second World War when cultural changes took place in society. The aim of this qualitative study was to describe the social needs of people born in the 1940’s today, in order to make cautious assumptions about what type of social needs elder care is likely to face in the future, when the older people becomes in need of elder care. A hermeneutic interpretation was made of the interviews with four older people born in the 1940’s who are not in need of elder care at the moment, and one social care assistant. The results showed that people born in the 1940’s want to maintain their current interests and activities in the future. Demands from the 1940’s generation concerning request for help from elder care, will according to this study and previous research, increase, especially concerning social needs and relationships. The conclusion is that the 1940’s generation will have bigger demands on getting various social needs satisfied, but how those needs will be met by the elder care, is still an open question for the future. / Fyrtiotalisterna kommer att ställa mer krav angående hjälp från äldreomsorgen än vad tidigare generationer gjort och förklaringen sägs vara att fyrtiotalisterna växte upp efter kriget då ett kulturellt skifte förändrade samhället. Syftet med denna studie var att redogöra för vilka sociala behov fyrtiotalister har i dagsläget för att göra försiktiga antaganden om vilka sociala behov som äldreomsorgen kan tänkas möta i framtiden, när fyrtiotalisterna blir i behov av äldreomsorg. Intervjuer med fyra fyrtiotalister som idag inte har något behov av äldreomsorg och en biståndshandläggare låg till grund för studien och analysen genomfördes utifrån ett hermeneutiskt perspektiv. Resultatet visade att fyrtiotalisterna vill bevara sina nuvarande intressen och aktiviteter i framtiden. Kraven från fyrtiotalisterna kommer enligt denna studie och tidigare forskning att öka jämfört med tidigare generationer, speciellt när det rör sociala behov och relationer. Slutsatsen är att fyrtiotalisterna kommer ställa mer krav på att få olika sociala behov tillgodosedda, men hur dessa behov senare kommer att tillgodoses av äldreomsorgen är en öppen fråga för framtiden.

The study presented here is about how to make the special needs user who has a profound intellectual disability and additional disabilities more involved in their implementation plan. Based on a life story interview the study aims at analyzing perceptions of procedures to enhance special needs users’ influence. The method used in this study was a qualitative research approach as an overall approach in order to use a narrative method where life history is the method. The focus has been to study a part of an individual life history - a specific domain in the life of the interviewee’s working career. The results demonstrate that the staff needs to have the knowledge of how to observe, what to observe and how to highlight the impact of consciousness in the interaction between involved participants. The result also shows that staff attitudes affect special needs user’s participation in the implementation plan. It is shown in the results that it is of importance that staff has the knowledge regarding observation as a method and an approach that provides the special needs user with opportunities to experience meaningfulness and to find everyday life comprehensible and manageable.

Darbo objektas: paauglių motyvacijos sportuoti ir sporto poreikių tenkinimo ryšiai. Tyrimo problema. Sportuoti skatinančių veiksnių problema yra aktuali, nes vis dažniau mokslininkai kelia tokius klausimus: kokia motyvacijos sportinei veiklai struktūra, kaip skatinti vaikų ir paauglių motyvaciją, koks jų poreikis sportuoti. Ugdymo turinys taip pat yra svarbus veiksnys, lemiantis mokinių motyvaciją. Ryšys tarp sportinio ugdymo turinio įvairovės ir vaikų motyvacijos sportuoti dažniau nagrinėjamas formaliojo švietimo požiūriu, o neformaliojo - dažniau nusakomas teoriškai, nei grindžiamas konkrečiais empiriniais tyrimais. Mokytojams ir treneriams taip pat yra labai svarbu įvertinti paauglių demografinius veiksmus, nes jie labai svarbūs, nepriklausomai nuo to, kur paauglys sportuoja. Nežinant motyvacijos ypatumų, sunku būtų kryptingai spręsti paauglių sveikos gyvensenos ir užimtumo laisvalaikiu problemas, rengti juos varžyboms. Tyrimo tikslas - įvertinti paauglių (12-14 metų) motyvacijos sportuoti bei sporto poreikių tenkinimo ryšius Šilutės rajono savivaldybės bendrojo ugdymo ir sporto mokyklose. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti paauglių (12-14 metų), besimokančių Šilutės rajono savivaldybės bendrojo ugdymo ir sporto mokyklose, motyvacijos sportuoti skirtumus; 2. Įvertinti paauglių (12-14 metų), besimokančių Šilutės rajono savivaldybės bendrojo ugdymo ir sporto mokyklose, sporto poreikių tenkinimo skirtumus; 3. Išanalizuoti paauglių (12-14 metų), besimokančių Šilutės rajono... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Work object: relations of teenagers’ sports motivation and satisfaction of sport needs. Problem of the study. The problem of the factors enhancing exercising is relevant as more often scientists raise the following questions: what is the structure of sports activity, how to encourage the motivation of children and teenagers, what is their need to exercise. Educational content is also a very important factor, determining the students’ motivation. The relation between the variety of sport educational content and children’s motivation to exercise is often analysed in regard to formal education, and informal education is more often outlined theoretically than based on specific empirical studies. It is also very important for teachers and trainers to assess the teenagers’ demographic actions as they are very important independent of the fact about where the teenager exercises. Not knowing the peculiarities of motivation, it would be difficult to single-mindedly solve the problems of teenagers’ healthy lifestyle and occupation in their free-time, to prepare them for competitions. Objective of the study – to assess the relations of teenagers’ (12-14 years-old) sports motivation and satisfaction of sport needs in comprehensive and sport schools of Šilutė region municipality. The tasks of the study: 1. To determine the differences of sports motivation of the teenagers (12-14 years-old), studying at comprehensive and sport schools in Šilutė region municipality; 2. To evaluate the... [to full text]

Many homeless youth come from foster homes, group homes, and other forms of substitute care. For young people in the child welfare system, elopement represents a major problem as it places them at risk for a number of troubling outcomes. Three studies were undertaken examining elopement among young people living in substitute care in Canada and the United States. The first study explored strengths and needs in a sample of 5,011 children and youth housed in a variety of substitute care settings including foster homes, group homes, residential treatment centres, emergency shelters, and juvenile justice facilities. Results indicated that needs, but not strengths, predicted running among children, while both needs and strengths predicted running among adolescents. Problems with school attendance, substance abuse, and delinquency also predicted running among both children and adolescents, with the exception of young children, for whom substance abuse was not a significant predictor. The second study explored the relationship between trauma, strengths, and elopement in a sample of 2,296 adolescents living in substitute care. Sexual abuse, physical abuse, school violence, and traumatic grief/separation were found to predict elopement. In addition, family violence and community violence predicted running among younger but not older adolescents. Educational strengths predicted a lower risk of running away for all adolescents, while well-being and relationship permanence predicted a lower risk of running among younger and older adolescents, respectively. The impact of strengths on the relationship between trauma and elopement was evaluated, with results suggesting that elopement was not predicted by an interaction between strengths and trauma. The third study was qualitative in nature and explored the perspectives of youth who had run away from substitute care at least once in their lifetime. Youth provided information about their experiences as well as suggestions designed to reduce the prevalence of running away among youth in substitute care. Findings for all three studies were discussed in relation to the literature with implications for research and prevention.

Language is the most common and crucial element newspapers apply to express meaning. Language is a system of linguistic signs combined by rules to create meaning. Newspapers use language, among other or sign systems (e.g. photographs, graphics, content and layout) to communicate. These systems support each other and perform as a unit to reflect a newspaper's character and function. South Africa has a diversity in language, culture, background and literacy levels and the media's target audiences differ significantly. The ways in which these systems are thus applied, diverge to satisfy the various needs of audiences. These needs include being informed, entertained, aesthetically pleased, emotionally involved and mobilized (persuaded). Audiences also seek a reflection of their values, views and cultures in the media. / Thesis (M.A. (Communication Studies))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.