Cette thèse engagée à partir des enjeux de la transformation du paysage international de l’éducation supérieure et ses implications au niveau local et national de l’organisation des universités. Basé dans une approche néo-rationaliste des interactions entre acteurs et les systèmes d’enseignement supérieure, le concept gigogne d’arènes académiques et les processus de couplage/découplage, l’analyse se focalise sur le cas d’étude du développement, implantation et ajustement d’un dispositif de calcul des services d’enseignant-chercheur. La méthodologie est basée sur une observation participante de longue durée, l’action-recherche et la méthode d’étude de cas. L’analyse quantitative relative à la transformation de la structure et de la performance des enseignants-chercheurs avec les accomplissements de l’université est combinée avec l’analyse qualitative de données collectées par des entretiens individuels et de groupes conduits avec des enseignants-chercheurs, des membres de la direction de l’université ainsi qu’avec des experts de l’enseignement supérieur malaisien et international. Les analyses conduites démontrent – au niveau de l’organisation universitaire – la capacité de négociation des académiques et du management par rapport à leurs rôles et conditions d’avancement de carrière est central dans l’instrumentation du dispositif de calcul des services. Au niveau national, les analyses soulignent la complémentarité entre institutions d’éducation supérieure privées et publiques. Au niveau international, les analyses soulignent la capacité d’ajustement du système universitaire et des politiques malaisiennes relatives à l’enseignement supérieur et à la recherche pour la régulation de leurs positions dans l’arène académique internationale. / This thesis is based on issues concerning the changing landscape of higher education globally and its implication at the local and national levels of the organization of universities. Drawn from the neo-rationalism perspective on the interactions between actors and higher education systems, the ‘gigogne’ concept of the academic arenas and coupling / decoupling processes, the analysis focuses on the case study of the development, implementation and adjustment of academic workload model. The methodology applied is based on long-term participant observation, action research and case study approaches. It is mixing quantitative analysis of the transformation of the academics’ performance and structure with the university’s achievement. On the other hand, this quantitative approach is complimented with the qualitative analysis of data gathered through formal interviews and focus groups, conducted with academics, senior management of the university and as well as experts of the higher education system in Malaysia and globally.Conclusions from the findings demonstrate – at the organizational level of the university - the capability of negotiation of the academics and senior management with regards to their roles and conditions of career advancement is central in the instrumentation of the academic workload system. At the national level, it highlights the complementary action between public and private higher education institutions. At the international level, it stresses on the capability of adjustment of the university organization system and the Malaysian higher education policy to redefine itself in regulating its position at the arenas of international bodies in higher education.

<p>This essay aims to study how national tests in the ninth grade are being viewed upon in the Swedish school system. What are the affected people’s thoughts regarding its field of application? For further information about this matter, three different sub studies have taken place. In the first sub study, literature from The Swedish National Agency for Education (SNAE) has been studied and compared to other researches. In the second sub study, pupils who took part in the national tests during the previous year answered a survey about their experiences working with the tests. The third sub study includes interviews with 12 teachers who all work with national tests in the ninth grade. These teachers were asked questions about their experiences working with the national tests. Results from the three sub studies are discussed thoroughly and are being brought together through a neo-rationalistic perspective in the discussion part of the essay. The major conclusion made is that there is a difference between the guidelines given by SNAE and how the affected people within the schools look upon the test system.</p>

This essay aims to study how national tests in the ninth grade are being viewed upon in the Swedish school system. What are the affected people’s thoughts regarding its field of application? For further information about this matter, three different sub studies have taken place. In the first sub study, literature from The Swedish National Agency for Education (SNAE) has been studied and compared to other researches. In the second sub study, pupils who took part in the national tests during the previous year answered a survey about their experiences working with the tests. The third sub study includes interviews with 12 teachers who all work with national tests in the ninth grade. These teachers were asked questions about their experiences working with the national tests. Results from the three sub studies are discussed thoroughly and are being brought together through a neo-rationalistic perspective in the discussion part of the essay. The major conclusion made is that there is a difference between the guidelines given by SNAE and how the affected people within the schools look upon the test system.

Waking up in a world where everyone carries a miniature supercomputer, interaction designers find themselves in their forerunners dreams. Faced with the reality of planetary-scale we have to confront the task of articulating approaches responsive this accidental ubiquity of computation. This thesis attempts such a formulation by defining computation as a strange material, a plasticity shaped equally by its technical properties and the mode of production by which is its continuously re-produced. The definition is applied through a methodology of excursions — participatory explorations into two seemingly disparate sites of computation, connected in they ways they manifest a labor of care. First, we visit the social infrastructures that constitute the Linux kernel, examining strangle entanglements of programming and care in the world's largest design process. This is followed by a tour into the thorny lands of artificial intelligence, situated in the smart replies of LinkedIn. Here, we investigate the fluctuating border between the artificial and the human with participants performing AI, formulating new Turing tests in the process. These excursions afford an understanding of computation as fundamentally re-produced through interaction, a strange kind of affective work the understanding of which is crucial if we ambition to disarm the critical accidents of our present future.