The research objective was: to determine (a) the extent of the present involvement of neonatal intensive care nurses in technology assessment, (b) their perceptions of the technologies with which they worked, and (c) their perceptions of requirements for improvements in the technology assessment process. Nurses and senior staff (nursing s.u perv.i sors, NICU consultants and training officers) ln the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) of five hospitals in London were included in the study sample. They completed questions regarding new medical technologies in general and NICU technologies in particular. Nurses and senior does not prepare Further, in some training regarding staff believed that nurses' training them adequately for new technologies. instances, nurses had not received a new technology prior to using it. Neither nurses nor senior staff were fully aware of formal processes for technology assessment in their hospitals, but did identify informal processes. While a small minority of the nurses had been directly involved in decisions regarding the new technologies, more than half had made recommendations. The nurses considered their level of involvement unsatisfactory, and believed (as did the senior staff) that their hospital could improve its procedures for purchasing, introducing and using new technologies. Most of the nurses who were planning to remain in neonatal intensive care were dissatisfied with their involvement and with their hospital's methods for adopting new technologies. One-third of the nurses and most of the senior staff identified examples of nurses' having contributed to the development and adaptation of new equipment and procedures, either formally or informally. The impacts considered most significant by nurse participants were: job stress, increased ethical, legal or social concerns, and decreased reliance on clinical judgment or skills of nurses.

Introdução: A internação em unidade neonatal está intimamente ligada à mortalidade neonatal e compartilham muitas causas e determinantes. Apesar de inúmeros estudos sobre os fatores de risco para mortalidade neonatal, pesquisas sobre os determinantes da internação dos recém-nascidos em unidade neonatal logo após o nascimento são iniciativas recentes. Objetivos: Analisar os fatores determinantes da internação de neonatos nas primeiras 24 horas de vida em uma unidade neonatal da região Oeste do município de São Paulo. Método: Tratou-se de um estudo retrospectivo, do tipo caso-controle não pareado, realizado em uma maternidade municipal. A amostra foi composta por 205 casos e 205 controles, no período de 01 de janeiro de 2016 a 31 de dezembro de 2017. Para verificar a associação entre a variável dependente internação na unidade neonatal nas primeiras 24 horas de vida e as variáveis independentes, foram realizadas análises bivariadas com cálculo de Odds Ratio (OR), com nível de significância de 5%, e intervalo de confiança 95%, por meio de testes qui-quadrado ou testes exatos (teste da razão de verossimilhanças ou teste exato de Fisher). As variáveis com valor de p<0,20 foram analisadas pelo modelo de regressão logística múltipla hierarquizada. No entanto, fizeram parte do modelo final apenas as variáveis com significância estatística. Resultados: as variáveis que permaneceram no modelo final associadas à internação nas primeiras 24 horas de vida em unidade neonatal de uma maternidade da região Oeste do município de São Paulo, por ordem decrescente de associação ao desfecho foram: índice de apgar no 1º <7 (OR=227,56; IC95% 35,49 - 1458,66), idade gestacional < 37 semanas (OR= 31,66; IC95% 7,47-134,121), não ter realizado consulta de pré-natal (OR=21,224; IC95% 1,65 - 271,91), peso ao nascer <2500g (OR=9,88; IC95% 2,01 - 48,57), uso de drogas ilícitas durante a gestação (OR= 5,31; IC95% 1,18 - 23,87), presença de líquido amniótico com mecônio (OR= 2,69; IC95% 1,25 - 7,54), tempo decorrido entre admissão e parto > 24 horas (OR= 2,68; IC95% 1,08 - 6,63),. A variável raça/cor da pele da mãe não branca apresentou-se como um fator protetor, com uma chance de internação de recém-nascidos nas primeiras 24 horas de vida em unidade neonatal 69% menor que os recém-nascidos de mães brancas.(OR=0,314; IC95% 0,157 -0,627; p=0,001).Conclusão: Comportamentos maternos de risco e problemas no acompanhamento pré-natal, e de assistência ao trabalho de parto e parto podem desencadear situações que aumentam a demanda por internação em unidade neonatal nas primeiras 24 horas de vida. Os achados deste estudo corroboram a importância de se investigar fatores associados à internação em unidade neonatal logo após o nascimento, pois possibilita identificar grupos expostos a diferentes conjuntos de fatores e detectar distintas necessidades de saúde, fornecendo subsídios para ações direcionadas aos recém-nascidos graves ou potencialmente graves, e a consequente redução dos óbitos neonatais. / Introduction: Neonatal unit hospitalization is closely linked to neonatal mortality and shares many causes and determinants. Despite numerous studies on risk factors for neonatal mortality, researches on the determinants in neonatal hospital admission to the neonatal unit right after birth are recent. Studying those aspects makes it possible to identify groups exposed to different sets of circumstances and to detect different health needs, providing resources for actions directed towards the serious or potentially serious ill newborns, and therefore reducing neonatal deaths. Objectives: To assess the determinants of neonatal hospitalization in the first 24 hours of life in a neonatal unit in the Western region of the city of São Paulo. Method: This was a retrospective, unpaired case-control study carried out in a municipal maternity hospital in the western region of the city of São Paulo (SP). The sample consisted of 205 cases and 205 controls. The criteria to be considered as a case was to be born alive by hospital delivery and admitted in a Neonatal Unit (Neonatal ICU or Regular Neonatal Intermediate Care Unit) during the first 24 hours of life, from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2017. The controls are the babies that were born alive in the same period of cases and who were referred together with their mothers to the joint maternal accommodation unit. Twin neonates, anencephalic, home-delivered babies who were later admitted in the hospital, and newborns whose medical records were in external file, being unavailable for analysis. In order to assess the association between the dependent variable \"hospitalization in the neonatal unit in the first 24 hours of life\" and the independent variables, bivariate analyzes were performed as Odds Ratio (OR), with significance level of 5%, and a confidence interval of 95%, by Chi-square tests or exact tests (likelihood ratio test or Fisher\'s exact test). The variables that presented a p value <0.20 were analyzed by the hierarchical multiple logistic regression model. However, only the statistically significant variables were part of the final model. Results: Independently of the other characteristics evaluated, the variables that remained in the final model associated to the hospitalization in the first 24 hours of life in a neonatal unit of a maternity hospital in the western region of the city of São Paulo, in decreasing order of association to the outcome were: first minute Apgar Score < 7 (OR=227,56; IC95% 35,49 - 1458,66), gestational age <37 weeks (OR= 31,66; IC95% 7,47-134,121), absence of a prenatal visit appointment (OR=21,224; IC95% 1,65 - 271,91), birth weight <2500g (OR=9,88; IC95% 2,01 - 48,57), use of illicit drugs during the pregnancy (OR= 5,31; IC95% 1,18 - 23,87), presence of amniotic fluid with meconium(OR= 2,69; IC95% 1,25 - 7,54), time elapsed between admission and delivery > 24 hours (OR= 2,68; IC95% 1,08 - 6,63). The race / color variable of the non-white mother presented as a protective factor, with a chance of hospitalization of newborns in the first 24 hours of life in a neonatal unit 69% lower than the newborns of white mothers. Conclusion: Maternal risk behaviors and problems in prenatal care, assistance to labor and delivery may trigger situations that increase the demand for hospitalization in neonatal unit in the first 24 hours of life. The findings of this study corroborate the importance of investigating factors associated with hospitalization in a neonatal unit shortly after birth, as it allows the identification of groups exposed to different sets of factors and the detection of different health needs, providing resources for actions aiming the serious ill newborns or potentially seriously ill newborns, and consequent reduction of neonatal deaths.

Introdução: A dor neonatal merece atenção diferenciada pelos profissionais de saúde, uma vez que os recém-nascidos (RNs) não se expressam verbalmente. A grande dificuldade existente para avaliar e tratar a dor em RNs internados em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN) continua sendo uma preocupação para profissionais e pesquisadores da área. Nesse sentido, essa pesquisa tem como pergunta: Como se dão as práticas de avaliação e tratamento da dor em RNs internados em UTINs de Curitiba (PR) e Região Metropolitana? Objetivo geral: Descrever o conhecimento e as práticas de manejo da dor do RN, empregadas por enfermeiros que atuam em UTINs. Objetivos específicos: Verificar o conhecimento dos enfermeiros sobre o manejo da dor de RNs internados; caracterizar as estratégias não farmacológicas e farmacológicas adotadas pelos enfermeiros para o controle da dor de RNs internados; verificar a forma de registro da avaliação e do tratamento da dor realizada pelos enfermeiros. Metodologia: Estudo transversal realizado em seis hospitais de Curitiba (PR) e Região Metropolitana que possuem UTIN com atendimento pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), a amostra do estudo foi constituída por 51 enfermeiros. A coleta de dados se deu por meio de questionários contendo informações a respeito da caracterização das unidades, um questionário referente ao perfil dos enfermeiros, formação, atuação e qualificação profissional e outro sobre conhecimentos e práticas do manejo da dor neonatal. A análise dos dados ocorreu pelo Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS versão 21.0) e o nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: A maioria dos enfermeiros era mulheres com idade entre 20 e 30 anos e tempo de formação de 1 a 5 anos. Os profissionais responsáveis pela avaliação da dor do RN eram em sua maioria enfermeiros (84,3%), seguidos por técnicos (62,7%) e auxiliares de enfermagem (11,8%). A maioria dos enfermeiros concordou que os RNs são capazes de sentir dor, porém 34,7% afirmaram nunca utilizar escalas para avaliar a dor do RN. 98% dos enfermeiros concordaram que é importante registrar a dor no prontuário do RN, sendo a evolução e anotação de enfermagem os locais mais mencionados em que ocorre o registro. As medidas não farmacológicas para alívio da dor neonatal assinaladas pelos enfermeiros foram: glicose oral, sucção não nutritiva, posicionamento, ninho, diminuição de estímulos auditivos, método canguru, toque, diminuição de estímulos visuais, contenção, aleitamento materno, massagem e musicoterapia. O Paracetamol e o Fentanil foram as medidas farmacológicas mais assinaladas pelos enfermeiros, seguidos pela Morfina, Codeína, Midazolam, Hidrato de Cloral e Lidocaína. Conclusões: Os enfermeiros conhecem as medidas farmacológicas e não farmacológicas para alivio da dor neonatal, porém a prática difere dos conhecimentos apresentados por não utilizarem estas medidas para alívio da dor em RNs. / Introduction: The neonatal pain needs special attention by health professionals, because newborns dont verbalize. The large difficulty to assess and treat pain in newborns admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) is a big concern for professionals and researchers. For this reason, this research has the question: What are the evaluation practices and treatment of pain in newborns admitted to NICUs in Curitiba (PR) and metropolitan area? General aim: To describe the knowledge and practices about newborns pain relief employed by nurses that work in NICUs. Specifics aims: To verify the knowledge of nurses on the management of hospitalized newborns pain, to characterize the pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies used by nurses to control hospitalized newborns pain and identify the ways of registration of the evaluation and treatment of pain held by nurses. Methodology: Cross-sectional study that occurred in six hospitals in Curitiba, Paraná State and metropolitan area that have NICU with care by the Unified Health System. The study sample consisted of 51 nurses. The data collection was through questionnaires containing information about the characterization of the units, a questionnaire relating to the profile of nurses, education, experience and professional qualifications and another questionnaire about knowledge and practices of management of neonatal pain. Analysis of the data was the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS - version 21.0) and the significance level was 5%. Results: The majority of nurses are women, the ages are between 20 and 30 years and 1-5 years of graduation. The professionals responsible for newborns pain assessment are mostly nurses (84.3%), followed by technicians (62.7%) and nursing assistant (11.8%). Most of the nurses agree that newborns are capable of feeling pain, but 34.7% reported never using scales to assess newborns pain. 98% of the nurses agree that is important to register the pain on newborn s chart record, being the evolution and nursing note the most mentioned places where the registration takes place. The non-pharmacological measures to relieve neonatal pain marked by nurses were: oral glucose, non-nutritive sucking, positioning, nest, decreased auditory stimuli, kangaroo method, touch, decreased visual stimuli, containment, breastfeeding, massage and music therapy. Paracetamol and Fentanyl were the pharmacological measures more marked by nurses, followed by Morphine, Codeine, Midazolam, Chloral Hydrate and Lidocaine. Conclusions: The nurses know the pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures to relief neonatal pain, but the practice differs from the knowledge shown because they do not use these measures to relief pain in newborns.

Introdução: A dor neonatal merece atenção diferenciada pelos profissionais de saúde, uma vez que os recém-nascidos (RNs) não se expressam verbalmente. A grande dificuldade existente para avaliar e tratar a dor em RNs internados em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN) continua sendo uma preocupação para profissionais e pesquisadores da área. Nesse sentido, essa pesquisa tem como pergunta: Como se dão as práticas de avaliação e tratamento da dor em RNs internados em UTINs de Curitiba (PR) e Região Metropolitana? Objetivo geral: Descrever o conhecimento e as práticas de manejo da dor do RN, empregadas por enfermeiros que atuam em UTINs. Objetivos específicos: Verificar o conhecimento dos enfermeiros sobre o manejo da dor de RNs internados; caracterizar as estratégias não farmacológicas e farmacológicas adotadas pelos enfermeiros para o controle da dor de RNs internados; verificar a forma de registro da avaliação e do tratamento da dor realizada pelos enfermeiros. Metodologia: Estudo transversal realizado em seis hospitais de Curitiba (PR) e Região Metropolitana que possuem UTIN com atendimento pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), a amostra do estudo foi constituída por 51 enfermeiros. A coleta de dados se deu por meio de questionários contendo informações a respeito da caracterização das unidades, um questionário referente ao perfil dos enfermeiros, formação, atuação e qualificação profissional e outro sobre conhecimentos e práticas do manejo da dor neonatal. A análise dos dados ocorreu pelo Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS versão 21.0) e o nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: A maioria dos enfermeiros era mulheres com idade entre 20 e 30 anos e tempo de formação de 1 a 5 anos. Os profissionais responsáveis pela avaliação da dor do RN eram em sua maioria enfermeiros (84,3%), seguidos por técnicos (62,7%) e auxiliares de enfermagem (11,8%). A maioria dos enfermeiros concordou que os RNs são capazes de sentir dor, porém 34,7% afirmaram nunca utilizar escalas para avaliar a dor do RN. 98% dos enfermeiros concordaram que é importante registrar a dor no prontuário do RN, sendo a evolução e anotação de enfermagem os locais mais mencionados em que ocorre o registro. As medidas não farmacológicas para alívio da dor neonatal assinaladas pelos enfermeiros foram: glicose oral, sucção não nutritiva, posicionamento, ninho, diminuição de estímulos auditivos, método canguru, toque, diminuição de estímulos visuais, contenção, aleitamento materno, massagem e musicoterapia. O Paracetamol e o Fentanil foram as medidas farmacológicas mais assinaladas pelos enfermeiros, seguidos pela Morfina, Codeína, Midazolam, Hidrato de Cloral e Lidocaína. Conclusões: Os enfermeiros conhecem as medidas farmacológicas e não farmacológicas para alivio da dor neonatal, porém a prática difere dos conhecimentos apresentados por não utilizarem estas medidas para alívio da dor em RNs. / Introduction: The neonatal pain needs special attention by health professionals, because newborns dont verbalize. The large difficulty to assess and treat pain in newborns admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) is a big concern for professionals and researchers. For this reason, this research has the question: What are the evaluation practices and treatment of pain in newborns admitted to NICUs in Curitiba (PR) and metropolitan area? General aim: To describe the knowledge and practices about newborns pain relief employed by nurses that work in NICUs. Specifics aims: To verify the knowledge of nurses on the management of hospitalized newborns pain, to characterize the pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies used by nurses to control hospitalized newborns pain and identify the ways of registration of the evaluation and treatment of pain held by nurses. Methodology: Cross-sectional study that occurred in six hospitals in Curitiba, Paraná State and metropolitan area that have NICU with care by the Unified Health System. The study sample consisted of 51 nurses. The data collection was through questionnaires containing information about the characterization of the units, a questionnaire relating to the profile of nurses, education, experience and professional qualifications and another questionnaire about knowledge and practices of management of neonatal pain. Analysis of the data was the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS - version 21.0) and the significance level was 5%. Results: The majority of nurses are women, the ages are between 20 and 30 years and 1-5 years of graduation. The professionals responsible for newborns pain assessment are mostly nurses (84.3%), followed by technicians (62.7%) and nursing assistant (11.8%). Most of the nurses agree that newborns are capable of feeling pain, but 34.7% reported never using scales to assess newborns pain. 98% of the nurses agree that is important to register the pain on newborn s chart record, being the evolution and nursing note the most mentioned places where the registration takes place. The non-pharmacological measures to relieve neonatal pain marked by nurses were: oral glucose, non-nutritive sucking, positioning, nest, decreased auditory stimuli, kangaroo method, touch, decreased visual stimuli, containment, breastfeeding, massage and music therapy. Paracetamol and Fentanyl were the pharmacological measures more marked by nurses, followed by Morphine, Codeine, Midazolam, Chloral Hydrate and Lidocaine. Conclusions: The nurses know the pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures to relief neonatal pain, but the practice differs from the knowledge shown because they do not use these measures to relief pain in newborns.

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2015-11-03T18:31:56Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ana Paula Mundim - 2013.pdf: 2936836 bytes, checksum: ce10b29e43ad1349b92d3241f9a48cdd (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2015-11-03T18:33:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ana Paula Mundim - 2013.pdf: 2936836 bytes, checksum: ce10b29e43ad1349b92d3241f9a48cdd (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-03T18:33:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ana Paula Mundim - 2013.pdf: 2936836 bytes, checksum: ce10b29e43ad1349b92d3241f9a48cdd (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-08 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / Hospitalization at Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) is commonly related to many invasive and painful procedures. It has been reported that painful experiences in infancy can be associated with pain perception in the future. Little is known about the relation between the history of NICU care and children’s pain behavior during the dental exam. This study aimed to compare the occurrence of pain during the dental exam of children with/out history of previous admission to a NICU. This case-control study enrolled 42 children, 5.7±0.4 years-old, 24 girls, with (n=21) and without (n=21) history of NICU care, exploring other medical/dental features potentially related to this association. Children’s pain perception was evaluated by the Brazilian versions of two scales: the observational measure “Faces, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) Pain Assessment Tool”, and the self-report Faces Pain Scale–Revised (FPS-R)”. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Chi-square (likelihood ratio) and Mann-Whitney tests. Findings showed that 5 children (23.8%) with history of NICU care showed pain during the dental exam (FLACC≥1), compared to none from the control group (P=0.006). Most of the 42 children (90.0%) did not perceived pain during the dental exam (FPS-R), with no difference between case and control groups (P=0.238). NICU children had more hospitalization later in childhood (81.0%) than the control group (25.0%, P<0.001). Groups did not differ regarding chronic diseases (P=0.141). History of dental pain, dental treatment experience and negative behavior at the dentist did not differ between the 5 children with FLACC≥1 and the others (P>0.05). It was concluded that children with history of NICU care present more pain during dental exam than those who did not have this experience. / O comportamento infantil pode ser influenciado por diversos fatores, como experiências médicas traumáticas. A internação em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN) é necessária para algumas crianças prematuras e pode ser caracterizada por numerosos procedimentos invasivos e dolorosos. Evidências ressaltam que os temores da infância podem ser exacerbados na vida futura; as experiências dolorosas no início da vida podem ser fatores associados ao comportamento. Poucos estudos buscaram relacionar o comportamento no consultório odontológico de crianças ao histórico de hospitalização emUTIN. Esta pesquisa de abordagem quantitativa, observacional transversal, caso-controle, analisou o comportamento durante exame odontológico, de 42 crianças de 5 a 6 anos de idade com e sem história de cuidados intensivos neonatais, aspectos relacionados ao nascimento e saúde bucal. A coleta de dados envolveu exame odontológico e avaliação do comportamento, utilizando-se versão brasileira das escalas Faces, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) eFaces Pain Scale – Revised(FPS-R). Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva e teste Qui-quadrado (razão de verossimilhança). Cárie dentária estava presente em 73,8%% da amostra Os resultados evidenciaram que 90% das crianças não mostraram sinais de dor durante o exame odontológico, segundo a escala FPS-R. Cinco crianças (23,8%) com história pregressa de internação em UTIN demonstraram dor durante o exame odontológico (escore FLACC≥1) (p-valor=0,006). Houve associação estatisticamente significante entre dor no exame odontológico e internação em UTIN.

Thesis (MCur)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Burnout is one of the challenges that nurses are faced with in their stressful and rapidly changing work environment. The vulnerability of nurses to burnout remains a major concern which affects both the individual and institution. Knowledge about burnout and associated risk factors which influence the development of burnout is vital for early recognition and intervention. The research question which guided this study was: “What are the factors influencing the degree of burnout experienced by nurses working in neonatal intensive care units?” The objectives included determining which physical, psychological, social and occupational factors influenced the degree of burnout experienced by nurses. A descriptive, explorative research design with a quantitative approach was applied. The target population consisted of (n=105) permanent nursing staff members working in the neonatal units of two different hospitals. A convenience sampling method was used. Participants (n=102) who gave voluntary consent to participate was included in the study. Validity and reliability was supported through the use of a validated questionnaire, Maslach Burnout Inventory – General Survey including a section based on demographical information and a section based on physical, psychosocial, social and occupational factors. Validity of the questionnaire was supported by the use of a research methodologist, nurse expert and a statistician in the particular field. A pilot study was done to test the feasibility of the study and to test the questionnaire for any errors and ambiguities. Ethics approval was obtained from Stellenbosch University and permission from the Heads of the hospitals where the study was conducted. The data was analyzed with the assistance of a statistician and these are presented in histograms, tables and frequencies. The relationship between response variables and nominal input variables was analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Various statistical tests were applied to determine statistical associations between variables such as the Spearman test, using a 95% confidence interval. Results have shown that participants experienced an average level of emotional exhaustion, a high level of professional efficacy and a low level of cynicism. Further analyses have shown that there is a statistical significant difference between emotional exhaustion and the rank of the participant (p=<0.01), highest qualification (p=0.05) and a high workload (p=0.01). Furthermore a statistical significant difference was found between professional efficacy and rank of participants (p=<0.01). In addition a statistical significant difference was found between cynicism and the number of years participants were in the profession (p=0.05). Multiple factors were determined in this study that influences the degree of burnout nurses experience. The majority of participants (n=56/55%) experienced decreased job satisfaction and accomplishment, (n=52/51%) of participants experienced that their workload is too much for them and (n=63/62%) participants received no recognition for their work. Recommendations are based on preventative measures, because preventing burnout is easier and more cost-effective than resolving burnout once it has occurred. In conclusion, the prevention strategies, early recognition of work stress and appropriate interventions are crucial in addressing the problem of burnout. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Uitbranding is een van die uitdagings waarmee verpleegsters te kampe het in hulle stresvolle en vinnig veranderende werkomgewing. Die kwesbaarheid van verpleegsters vir uitbranding bly ’n kritieke bekommernis wat beide die individu en die inrigting affekteer. Kennis omtrent uitbranding en verwante risiko faktore wat die ontwikkeling van uitbranding beïnvloed, is deurslaggewend vir vroeë opsporing en intervensie. Die navorsingsvraag wat hierdie studie gelei het, is: “Wat is die faktore wat die mate van uitbranding beïnvloed wat deur verpleegsters ondervind word wat in neonatale intensiewe sorgeenhede werk?” Die doelwitte wat ingesluit is, is om te bepaal watter fisiese, sielkundige, maatskaplike en beroepsfaktore die mate van uitbranding wat deur verpleegsters ervaar word, beïnvloed. ’n Beskrywende, ondersoekende navorsingsontwerp met ’n kwantitatiewe benadering is toegepas. Die teikengroep het bestaan uit (n=105) permanente verpleegpersoneel wat in die neonatale eenhede van twee verskillende hospitale werk. ’n Gerieflikheidsteekproef metode is gebruik. Deelnemers (n=102) wat vrywillige toestemming gegee het om deel te neem, is ingesluit in die navorsingstudie. Geldigheid en betroubaarheid is ondersteun deur die gebruik van ’n geldige vraelys van “Maslach Burnout Inventory – General Survey”, asook ’n afdeling gebaseer op demografiese inligting en ’n afdeling gebaseer op fisiese, sielkundige, maatskaplike en beroepsfaktore. Geldigheid van die vraelys is ondersteun deur ’n navorsingsmetodoloog, ’n verpleegspesialis en ’n statistikus op die navorsingsgebied. ’n Loodsondersoek is gedoen om die haalbaarheid van die studie te toets en om die vraelys te toets vir enige foute en dubbelsinnighede. Etiese goedkeuring is verkry van die Universiteit van Stellenbosch en goedkeuring van die Hoofde van die hospitale waar die studie uitgevoer is. Die data is geanaliseer met die hulp van ’n statistikus en is aangebied in histogramtafels en frekwensies. Die verwantskap tussen responsveranderlikes en nominale insetveranderlikes is geanaliseer deur gebruik te maak van die analise van variansie (ANOVA). Verskeie statistiese toetse is toegepas om statistiese assosiasies tussen veranderlikes te bepaal, soos deur van die Spearmantoets gebruik te maak, met ’n 95% betroubaarheidsinterval. Resultate het bewys dat deelnemers ’n gemiddelde vlak van emosionele uitputting, ’n hoë vlak van professionele effektiwiteit en ’n lae vlak van sinisme ervaar. Verdere analise het bewys dat daar ’n statistiese beduidende verskil tussen emosionele uitputting en die rang van die deelnemers (p=<0.01) is, hoogste kwalifikasie (p=0.05) en ’n hoë werklading (p=0.01). Verder is ’n statistiese beduidende verskil gevind tussen professionele effektiwiteit en rang van deelnemers (p=<0.01). Saam hiermee is ’n statistiese beduidende verskil gevind tussen siniesheid en die aantal jare wat deelnemers in die beroep is (p=0.05). Voorts, is veelvuldige faktore bepaal in hierdie studie wat die mate van uitbranding beïnvloed wat verpleegsters ervaar. Die meeste van die deelnemers (n=56/55%) het ’n afname in werksbevrediging en -verrigting ervaar, (n=52/51%) deelnemers het ervaar dat hul werklading te veel is vir hulle en (n=63/62%) deelnemers het geen erkenning vir hulle werk ontvang nie. Aanbevelings is gebaseer op voorkomende maatreëls, want om uitbranding te voorkom, is makliker en meer koste-effektief as om uitbranding te probeer oplos as dit alreeds begin het. Ten slotte, die voorkomende strategieë, vroeë identifisering van werkstres en geskikte intervensies is deurslaggewend om die probleem van uitbranding aan te spreek.

Orientador: Elenice Deffune / Resumo: Introdução: As transfusões de concentrados de hemácias (CHs) são frequentes em recém-nascidos (RNs) apesar do aumento do tempo para clampeamento de cordão umbilical ao nascer, da redução no volume de sangue coletado para exames laboratoriais e da adesão aos protocolos restritivos de sua indicação. Diversas correlações já foram descritas entre transfusões e piores desfechos perinatais. Casuística e métodos: Estudo analítico, observacional, transversal do tipo coorte realizado na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, com análise de prontuários de 170 recém-nascidos menores de 1500g ao nascimento admitidos durante os anos de 2015 e 2016, divididos em grupos transfundido (Tf) e não transfundido (NTf). Calculadas diferença de proporções e frequências simples e relativa; para comparação entre os grupos foi usado o teste t-student e em caso assimétrico foi utilizado o modelo de distribuição gama. Resultados: No grupo Tf, a média de peso foi 966,8 (±242,2) gramas e de idade gestacional 27,70 (±2,63) semanas, no grupo NTf, estes valores foram 1214,5 (±263,8) g e 30,37 (±3,07) semanas. Houve cerca de 1,2 transfusões por paciente. Valores médios de hemoglobina das primeiras 72h de 16,65g/d e de peso de nascimento de 1184g, não se associaram a transfusões. Houve correlação entre sepse, HPIV, SDR, DBP, ECN, permanência na UTIN e óbito com transfusões de CHs. Conclusão: Menores peso de nascimento e idade gestacional asso... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Introduction: Red blood cell transfusions (RBCTs) are common in newborns (NBs) despite the increased time for umbilical cord clamping at birth, reduced blood volume collected for laboratory tests and adherence to protocols restricting their indication. Several correlations have already been described between transfusions and worse perinatal outcomes. Patients and methods: An analytical, observational, cross-sectional, cohort study performed at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of the Clinical Hospital of the Botucatu Medical School, with an analysis of medical records of 170 newborns less than 1,500 g at birth admitted during the years 2015 and 2016, divided into transfused (Tf) and non-transfused (NTf) groups. Calculated difference of proportions and simple and relative frequencies; the t-student test was used for comparison between the groups, and in the case of asymmetric, the gamma distribution model was used. Results: In the Tf group, the mean weight was 966.8 (± 242.2) grams and the gestational age was 27.70 (± 2.63) weeks. In the NTf group, these values were 1214.5 (± 263, 8) grams and 30.37 (± 3.07) weeks. There were about 1.2 transfusions per patient. Mean values of hemoglobin of the first 72h of 16.65g / d and birth weight of 1184g were not associated with transfusions. There was a correlation between sepsis, IVH, RDS, BPD, NEC, NICU stay and death with RBC transfusions. Conclusion: Lower birth weight and gestational age are associated with RBC transfusions. A... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Submitted by Aelson Maciera (aelsoncm@terra.com.br) on 2017-08-03T20:15:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissBSLM.pdf: 1262447 bytes, checksum: 16f2126a991766505e8b685aca6576bf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-08T19:42:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissBSLM.pdf: 1262447 bytes, checksum: 16f2126a991766505e8b685aca6576bf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-08T19:42:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissBSLM.pdf: 1262447 bytes, checksum: 16f2126a991766505e8b685aca6576bf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-08T19:48:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissBSLM.pdf: 1262447 bytes, checksum: 16f2126a991766505e8b685aca6576bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-21 / Não recebi financiamento / Premature infants are usually referred to a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and experience their initial development in this context. This environment has assistive technology that can assure its survival, but, paradoxically, it is also characterized as inhospitable, due to the effects of interventions performed there and the high sensorial load incompatible with the self-regulation capacity of those children. The nurse is directly related to care and is a mandatory requirement in the care context of the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, it plays a fundamental role in the provision of qualified, humanized and integral care to the critical newborn and must consider the Developmental Care in their care practice. The present qualitative study aimed to analyze how the nurses incorporate in their care practice the Developmental Care to the preterm newborn hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. The Symbolic Interactionism was listed as theoretical reference and Bardin Content Analysis was listed as methodological reference. The data gathering took place in a city in the interior of São Paulo, through non-participant observation, documentary research in medical records and semi-structured interviews. The triangulation of the findings was performed as the strategy for data analysis for qualitative research. Eleven nurses from the Neonatal Intensive Care Units of this city were subjects of this study. Data analysis resulted in the construction of five thematic categories: Developmental Care and Care Management; Developmental Care and Family; Developmental Care and Environment of the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit; Developmental Care and Pain; And Developmental Care and Skin. The nurses in this study have knowledge about most of the aspects involved in Developmental Care, recognize the same as relevant to a quality and safe practice for the critical newborn and his family and wish to broaden their presence in care practice. However, there are inconsistencies between the verbalized and the executed, as well as insufficiency in the record of its performance in relation to Developmental Care. It is concluded that Permanent Education emerges as a possible interventional resource to qualify and achieve transformations of care, to stimulate reflections about the practice of the Developmental Care in addition to strengthen the use of Nursing Care Systematization, aiming to contribute for an individualized and humanized care that meets the needs of the subjects. / Os recém-nascidos prematuros são usualmente encaminhados a uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal e vivenciam seu desenvolvimento inicial neste contexto. Este ambiente detém tecnologia assistencial que pode assegurar a sua sobrevivência, mas, paradoxalmente, também está caracterizado como inóspito, em decorrência dos efeitos de intervenções ali executadas e da elevada carga sensorial incompatível com a capacidade de autorregulação dessas crianças. O enfermeiro está diretamente ligado à assistência e é requisito obrigatório, no quadro assistencial de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal, ele tem papel fundamental na oferta de um cuidado qualificado, humanizado e integral ao recém-nascido crítico e precisa considerar o cuidado desenvolvimental em sua prática assistencial. O presente estudo qualitativo objetivou analisar como os enfermeiros incorporam em sua prática assistencial o cuidado desenvolvimental ao recém-nascido pré-termo hospitalizado, na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. Elencaram-se como referencial teórico o Interacionismo Simbólico e como referencial metodológico a Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. A coleta de dados ocorreu em um município do interior paulista, através da observação não participante, pesquisa documental em prontuários e entrevista semiestruturada. Como estratégia de análise de dados para pesquisa qualitativa, foi realizada a triangulação dos achados. Foram sujeitos deste estudo 11 enfermeiros das Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal desse município. A análise dos dados resultou na construção de cinco categorias temáticas: Cuidado Desenvolvimental e Gestão do Cuidado; Cuidado Desenvolvimental e Família; Cuidado Desenvolvimental e Ambiente da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal; Cuidado Desenvolvimental e Dor; e Cuidado Desenvolvimental e Pele. Os enfermeiros deste estudo detêm conhecimentos sobre grande parte dos aspectos implicados no Cuidado Desenvolvimental, reconhecem o mesmo como relevante a uma prática de qualidade e segura ao recém-nascido crítico e sua família e desejam ampliar sua presença na prática assistencial. Contudo, há incongruências entre o verbalizado e o executado, assim como incipiências importantes no registro de sua atuação, no que se relaciona ao Cuidado Desenvolvimental. Conclui-se que a Educação Permanente desponta como recurso interventivo possível para qualificar e alcançar transformações da assistência, para avivar reflexões sobre a prática no que se relaciona ao Cuidado Desenvolvimental além de potencializar o uso da Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem, com vistas as suas contribuições para um cuidado individualizado, humano e que atenda às necessidades dos sujeitos.

This research aimed to evaluate the influence of the prematurity on maternal emotional in mothers of premature newborn admitted to a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. The first study, exploratory and quantitative cross-sectional, about the incidence of clinical symptoms of depression and anxiety in mothers of premature newborn during hospitalization in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and the association of these symptoms with the expectations and maternal feelings. Consisted of an evaluation by the BDI and BAI inventories and a questionnaire of closed questions, in a sample of 36 mothers. The second study, exploratory and qualitative about the expectations and the maternal feelings regarding the motherhood and in relation to the prematurity of their babies and its possible consequences. It was made from a semi-structured interview in three selected sample of the first study mothers. The results showed that 42 % of the participants had depression and 48 % anxiety, and that both the symptoms were present in 64 % of them, being associated to the mothers who were not primiparous and some expectations and maternal feelings. It was also found that, despite not planning pregnancy, the desire of the mothers by their baby was present, as well as the importance of the physical and scopic contact with their babies. It was observed that the bond between the team and the mother includes contradictions and that the family and social expectations regarding the baby resonates as a maternal failure. Therefore, the prematurity seems to influence the maternal emotional, can lead to emotional consequences such as depression, anxiety, impotence, inadequacy and guilt, beyond the frustration of many desires and fantasies. Thus, it is important that mothers have a psychological support so that the emotional consequences can be minimized and do not prejudice the mother-baby relationship. / Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da prematuridade no emocional materno em mães dos recém-nascidos prematuros internados em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. O primeiro estudo, exploratório e quantitativo do tipo transversal, sobre a incidência de sintomas clínicos de depressão e ansiedade em mães de recém-nascidos prematuros durante a internação em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal e a associação desses sintomas com as expectativas e os sentimentos maternos. Constituiu-se de uma avaliação através dos Inventários de BDI e BAI e de um questionário de perguntas fechadas, em uma amostra de 36 mães. O segundo estudo, exploratório e qualitativo sobre as expectativas e os sentimentos maternos a respeito da maternidade e em relação à prematuridade de seus bebês e suas possíveis consequências. Foi realizado a partir de uma entrevista semiestruturada em três mães selecionadas da amostra do primeiro estudo. Os resultados demonstraram que 42% das participantes apresentaram depressão e 48% ansiedade, sendo que ambos os sintomas estiveram presentes em 64% delas, estando associados às mães que não eram primíparas e a algumas expectativas e sentimentos maternos. Também se verificou que, apesar do não planejamento da gravidez, o desejo das mães pelo filho esteve presente, assim como a importância do contato físico e escópico com seus bebês. Foi observado que o laço entre a equipe e a mãe inclui contradições e que a expectativa familiar e social em relação ao bebê repercute como uma falha materna. Portanto, a prematuridade parece influenciar no emocional materno, podendo acarretar consequências emocionais como depressão, ansiedade, sentimento de impotência, de inadequação e de culpa, além da frustração de muitos desejos e fantasias. Assim, é importante que as mães tenham um suporte psicológico para que as consequências emocionais possam ser minimizadas e não prejudiquem a relação mãe- bebê.

The objective was to understanding the meaning of nursing care to mothers in maintenance of lactation which the newborn has admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. It is a qualitative research, of phenomenological approach, based on theoretical-philosophical-methodological of Martin Heidegger. It was developed by phenomenological interview with 10 nursing professionals of the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a University Hospital in Southern Brazil, in the period from April to August 2013. In comprehensive analysis, the nursing professional when explaining care to mothers in maintaining lactation reveals that helps the mother in milking, passing what she has to do. Acknowledges that breast milk is the best thing we have, having to prioritize the suckling. Reveals that doesn't take care of the mother, because the priority is to take care of the baby. After experienced motherhood, handles different. With time and experience, learning and improving their knowledge. In interpretative analysis, be-nursing-professional unveils its care every day, in which remained mostly on inauthentic mode of occupation, imprisoned for a talk about the benefits of breastfeeding and busy in helping the mother to maintain lactation, performing the care in the form of dominating substitutive solicitude. However, the be-professional-nursing when recalling their experiences, unveils its historicity developing care in liberating solicitude. So, unveiling the everyday mothers care for maintenance of lactation allows reflection of nursing professionals in order to reconcile the subjective dimension and clinical care, considering the needs of people involved in the process of breastfeeding, in order to support this practice. / Objetivou-se compreender o significado do cuidado de enfermagem às mães em manutenção da lactação que têm o recém-nascido internado em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. Trata-se de uma investigação qualitativa, de abordagem fenomenológica, pautada no referencial teórico-filosófico-metodológico de Martin Heidegger. Desenvolvida mediante entrevista fenomenológica com 10 profissionais de enfermagem da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal de um hospital universitário do Sul do Brasil, no período de abril a agosto de 2013. Na análise compreensiva, o profissional de enfermagem, ao significar o cuidado às mães em manutenção da lactação, revela que ajuda a mãe a ordenhar, passando o que ela tem que fazer. Reconhece que o leite materno é a melhor coisa que tem, devendo priorizar o aleitamento. Revela que não cuida da mãe, pois a prioridade é cuidar do bebê. Depois que vivenciou a maternidade, cuida diferente. Com o tempo e experiência, aprende e aprimora o seu conhecimento. Na análise interpretativa, o ser-profissional-de-enfermagem desvela seu cotidiano de cuidado, no qual se manteve na maior parte no modo inautêntico da ocupação, aprisionado a um falatório a respeito dos benefícios do aleitamento materno e ocupado em ajudar a mãe a manter a lactação, realizando o cuidado na forma de solicitude substitutiva dominadora. Porém, o ser-profissional-de-enfermagem, ao recordar as suas vivências, desvela sua historicidade desenvolvendo o cuidado no modo de solicitude libertadora. Assim, desvelar o cotidiano de cuidado às mães para a manutenção da lactação possibilitará a reflexão dos profissionais de enfermagem a fim de conciliar as dimensões subjetiva e clínica do cuidado, considerando as necessidades das pessoas envolvidas no processo de aleitamento materno, com vistas a apoiar esta prática.