The lower Mount Rogers Formation (LMRF) is described by Rankin (1993) as a sequence of intercalated metabasalts and volcanogenic sediments with minor metarhyolite. We have chosen to examine the sequence of the LMRF units exposed along Elk Garden Ridge, a high shoulder between the summits of Whitetop Mountain and Mount Rogers in the Mount Rogers National Recreation Area in SW Virginia. This sequence represents an uplifted block of LMRF units enclosed by exposures of Whitetop and Wilburn metarhyolites. In the field, progressive lithologic changes can be observed walking up-section along Elk Garden ridge that are indicative of changes in lava compositions and eruptive environments. From the bottom of the section, massive basalts with distinctive 1-2 cm long swallowtail plagioclase phenocrysts grade into vesicular basalts, then into sheet flow basalts, followed by a thick sequence of aphyric and amygdaloidal pillow basalts. Further up section, eruptive products transition into rhyolitic ignimbrites and ash and lapilli tuffs. Boulders of cobble conglomerates near the middle of the sequence and sedimentary layers in between individual sheet flows suggest short periods of relative eruptive quiescence. The only unit broken out in the LMRF by Rankin (1993), Fees Rhyolite, is not observed in the field area, suggesting local differences in topography, eruptive products and eruptive styles across the outcrop area during the deposition of these eruptive products. Petrographically, the rocks reflect the regional greenschist facies metamorphic conditions with chlorite and epidote as primary metamorphic minerals, and unakite-like zones of mineralization. Relict plagioclase and pyroxene phenocrysts persist, as do primary igneous textures and structures. Compositionally, all of the rocks in the Elk Garden Ridge sequence are strongly enriched in alkali metals, with elevated Na2O and K2O contents, and high TiO2 in the basalts. Major and trace element systematics suggest that the chemical signatures of the metabasalts are primary controlled by shallow-level crystallization processes. The LMRF metabasalts share many compositional affinities with later (~570 Ma) rift-related basalts preserved in the Appalachians, suggesting that all of these lavas were formed by melting of a compositionally uniform mantle source, followed by shallow crystallization, despite being separated from one another by large stretches of time and space.

Continental slope channels, which serve as the primary conduits for sediment transport into the deep marine, occasionally become sites of sediment deposition with excellent reservoir potential. Increasingly reported in the literature are subsurface channel fills exhibiting shingled seismic reflectors that are interpreted to have formed by lateral channel migration. In lower Isaac Formation channels inclined strata are observed but at a lateral scale that is far below industry-seismic detection. Distinctively these flat-based channels are filled with coarse-grained sandstone that transitions abruptly and obliquely upwards into thin, fine grained turbidites. Like rivers, lateral accretion in Isaac channels is interpreted to be the result of the interaction of inertial and pressure forces, but in highly turbulent, highly density-stratified turbidity currents. This resulted in the formation of two superimposed secondary circulation cells that caused enhanced erosion on the outer bank and preferential deposition of coarse-grained sediment along the inner bank.

Ao sul da cidade de Corumbá, MS, ocorrem imponentes elevações topográficas constituídas por depósitos sedimentares neoproterozóicos do Grupo Jacadigo. Nessas montanhas, cujo conjunto é referido como Maciço do Urucum, assentam-se discordantemente sobre o embasamento rochas siliciclásticas da Formação Urucum com espessuras máximas da ordem de 200 a 300m. A seção continua com depósitos mistos de componentes siliciclásticos e GIFs (granular iron formations), por aproximadamente 100m, e com mais 300m de predomínio de BIFs (banded iron formations). Na periferia do Maciço do Urucum ocorrem rochas carbonáticas do Grupo Corumbá, principalmente das formações Bocaina e Tamengo. Foi esse o conjunto de rochas abordado no presente trabalho por estudos sedimentológicos e estratigráficos em escala de detalhe. A análise integrada de fácies e paleocorrentes permitiu interpretar os mecanismos tectônicos geradores de espaço de acomodação, a orientação da bacia sedimentar, a estruturação de seu preenchimento, implicações geotectônicas regionais e para modelos de deposição de formações ferríferas. Para o preenchimento da bacia, definida na presente dissertação como Bacia Jacadigo, foram interpretados 6 sistemas deposicionais: (I) sistemas de leques aluviais; (II) sistema lacustre; (III) sistema fluvial entrelaçado; (IV) sistema de corpo dágua principal; (V) sistema de fluxos gravitacionais subaquáticos; e (VI) sistema de plataforma carbonática. Esses sistemas foram classificados em 3 tratos tectônicos, sendo os 3 primeiros sistemas deposicionais, essencialmente siliciclásticos e continentais, referentes ao trato de iniciação do rift; os sistemas de corpo dágua principal e de fluxos gravitacionais associados correspondentes ao clímax do rift; e a plataforma carbonática referente ao pós-rift. Esse último caracterizado pela transição entre as formações Urucum e Bocaina, de modo que a classificação em tratos tectônicos reflete os significados geodinâmicos dos grupos Jacadigo e Corumbá. A distribuição espacial dos sistemas deposicionais e dos padrões de paleocorrentes levou à interpretação de uma orientação WNW-ESE para a zona de falhas mestras da Bacia Jacadigo. Essa interpretação implica na correlação do Grupo Jacadigo com a Faixa Chiquitos-Tucavaca e não com a Faixa Paraguai como proposto anteriormente. A distribuição das unidades neoproterozóicas no contexto geotectônico das faixas Chiquitos-Tucavaca e Paraguai levou a corroboração de um posicionamento adjacente da Bacia Jacadigo a uma junção tríplice supostamente soerguida por plumas mantélicas. Toda a sucessão do Grupo Jacadigo mais a sucessão do Morro do Puga, usualmente interpretadas como produtos de processos sedimentares sob influência glacial, foram interpretadas como resposta da sedimentação à tectônica na Bacia Jacadigo, sem necessariamente associação com processos glaciais. Foram distinguidos elementos estruturais da tectônica deformadora daqueles relativos à tectônica formadora do Grupo Jacadigo e sugerida uma conformação braquianticlinal das rochas aflorantes na área urbana de Corumbá, no Maciço do Urucum e nas áreas adjacentes. / At the south of Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul state, there are huge topographic elevations made of Jacadigo Groups neoproterozoic sedimentary deposits. Those mountains are known as Maciço do Urucum. The basal unit named Urucum Formation is composed by siliciclastic rocks with maximum thickness of 200 to 300m. The sucession continues with mixed GIF (granular iron formation) and siliciclastic deposits for approximately 100m, and more 300m of almost only BIFs (banded iron formations). In the surroundings of Maciço do Urucum there are carbonatic rocks from the Corumbá Group, mainly from Bocaina and Tamengo formations. This research presents detailed information about sedimentology and stratigraphy of the Maciço do Urucum area and surrounding rocks. The integrated facies and paleocurrents analysis produced the following interpretations: tectonic mechanisms responsible for accommodation spaces, sedimentary basin orientation, filling styles, regional geotectonic implication and iron formation depositional models. About the filling style, six depositional systems of the here named Jacadigo Basin were interpreted: (I) alluvial fan system; (II) lacustrine system; (III) fluvial braided system; (IV) main water body system; (V) subaquatic gravitational flow system; and (VI) carbonate platform system. Those systems were classified in three tectonic system tracts. The first three depositional systems are made of continental siliciclastics and refer to the rift initiation; the main water body and associated gravitational flow systems corresponds to the rift climax; and the carbonate platform to the post rift. The post rift is characterized by the transition between Urucum and Bocaina formations. This transition reflects the geodynamic significance of Jacadigo and Corumbá groups. The spatial distribution of the depositional systems and associated paleocurrent patterns indicated a WNW-ESE orientation to the master fault zone of Jacadigo Basin. This interpretation implies the correlation of Jacadigo Group and Chiquitos-Tucavaca Belt instead of Paraguai Belt, as proposed before. The neoproterozoic units distribution at the geotectonic context of Chiquitos-Tucavaca and Paraguai belts corroborated the adjacent position of Jacadigo Basin to a triple junction supposedly a plume generated uplift. Rocks of Jacadigo Group and Morro do Puga, usually interpreted as glacial deposits, are interpreted here as sedimentation response to tectonics with no necessary relation to glacial processes. Deformation and formation tectonic structural elements were distinguished and a braquianticlinal structure is suggested for the units in the Corumbá and Maciço do Urucum area.

Sur la Plate-forme Est Européenne (PEE), des sédiments silicoclastiques néoprotérozoïques ont livré une faune animale édiacarienne type dans le bassin de Podolya. Sa géologie montre un domaine marin littoral et indiquent que cette faune vivait dans la zone euphotique. Situé en bordure du Bouclier Ukrainien, le bassin est resté à l'abri des événements tectoniques et sa subsidence a été faible, ce qui explique l’absence de métamorphisme et de processus liés à la diagenèse d’enfouissement. Ces conditions ont permis la préservation des fossiles d’animaux et des minéraux argileux. Ainsi, quatre couches riches minéraux interstratifiés (IS) ont permis d’identifier des bentonites i.e. des produits pyroclastiques altérés. Les zircons de la bentonite la plus récente, qui coiffe les niveaux fossilifères, ont été datés (238U/206Pb) à 557-555 Ma ; le macrobiota édiacarien de Podolya est donc plus âgé. De plus, les variations de teneurs en kaolinite dans la pile sédimentaire indiquent que le continent Baltica voisin (actuelle PEE), source du détritisme, a connu une succession de climats tempéré-chaud-tempéré. En accord avec les données paléomagnétiques, Baltica a donc migré depuis les hautes vers les basses latitudes avant d’amorcer un mouvement rétrograde. Les strates fossiles pauvres en kaolinite peuvent être corrélées avec une position de Baltica en latitude élevée, près de la bordure nord de Rodinia et du continent Avalon.Nos résultats permettent de situer les fossiles édiacariens de l'Ukraine sur l'échelle biochronostratigraphique mondiale, et de mieux comprendre les relations spatio-temporelles du biote de Podolya par rapport aux autres macrofaunes situées à proximité de Baltica à cette époque. Les nouvelles données et les morphologies primitives des fossiles de Podolya – d’ordinaire uniquement comparées à celles de la Mer Blanche (Russie) pourraient expliquer la ressemblance phylogénique entre le biote édiacarien d’Ukraine et certains macrofossiles d'Avalon. / On the East European Platform (EEP), Neoproterozoic siliciclastic sediments have revealed a typical animal fauna of Ediacaran in the Podolya basin. The geological data are typical of marine tidal domain and suggest that this fauna lived under a water depth that did not exceed the euphotic zone. After this period, the basin, located on the edge of the Ukrainian Shield, has remained safe from tectonic events and its subsidence was low, which explain that these deposits are unmetamorphosed and unaffected by processes of burial diagenesis. These conditions allowed both the preservation of animal fossils and argillaceous minerals. Thus, four levels rich in IS mixed-layers could be identified as bentonites, altered pyroclastic products. Zircons of the youngest bentonite, which caps the fossiliferous levels, have been dated (238U/206Pb ratio) to 556±1 Ma, so Podolya's ediacaran macrobiota is of older age. Moreover, the variations of the kaolinite content in sedimentary pile indicates the neighboring mainland of the Baltica micro-continent (current EEP), source of the detritism, has been subjected to temperate-warm-temperate climate cycle. According to the paleomagnetic data, this shows that Baltica migrated from high to low latitudes and followed a retrograde motion. The kaolinite-poor fossil stratas can be correlated with high latitude position of Baltica, close to the northern border of Rodinia and of Avalon micro-continent. Our results make it possible to better situate the Ediacarian fossils of Ukraine in relation to the global biochronostratigraphic scale, but also to better understand the spatial and temporal relationships of Podolya’s ediacaran biota compared to other faunas located in the vicinity of Baltica at this time. The new data and primitive morphologies of Podolya's fossils – usually compared to the only fossils of White Sea (Russia) might explain why Ediacaran biota from Podolya Basin has more phylogenic resemblance to some Avalon’s macrofossils.

No presente trabalho buscou-se compor um quadro geológico-estrutural da Faixa Paraguai meridional e compreender as relações estratigráficas entre os litotipos da Formação Puga e grupos Cuiabá e Corumbá. Foram realizados trabalhos de reconhecimento geológico e perfis geológico-estruturais de detalhe, com análise estrutural e petrográfica, em conjunto com a integração de dados e mapas existentes, análise de imagens de satélite, fotos aéreas e modelos digitais de terreno. A Faixa Paraguai meridional evoluiu como um típico fold-andthrust belt. A evolução geológica do cinturão principia por processos de rifteamento, provavelmente no final do Criogeniano, evoluindo para mar restrito e margem passiva até o final do Ediacarano. A fase rifte é caracterizada pelas formações Puga e Cerradinho. A fase margem passiva está representada pelas formações Bocaina, Tamengo e Guaicurus. Propõe-se que o Grupo Cuiabá na área estudada seja constituído por depósitos marinhos profundos, turbidíticos distais depositados comitantemente aos sedimentos do Grupo Corumbá. O processo colisional responsável pela inversão da bacia com a deformação e metamorfismo associados ocorreu durante o Cambriano, com magmatismo pós-colisional no Cambriano Superior. O estilo estrutural torna-se progressivamente mais complexo de oeste para leste. São observadas até três fases de dobramento coaxiais sobrepostas com eixos subhorizontais de direção N-S. Associam-se a sistemas de falhas de empurrão com deslocamento da capa para oeste. As lineações de estiramento e indicadores cinemáticos observados sugerem que a convergência colisional em direção ao bloco Rio Apa que deu origem à faixa móvel não foi completamente frontal, existindo algum grau de obliquidade, com vetores de convergência em torno de WNWENE. Os micaxistos do Grupo Cuiabá mostram o estilo estrutural mais complexo, com três fases de dobramentos coaxiais e foliações tectônicas mais intensas. Haveria correlação temporal entre S3 gerada nos micaxistos, comumente referidos como Grupo Cuiabá, a leste com a foliação S2 gerada na porção central e a clivagem S1 gerada no limite da área cratônica a oeste, padrão que pode ser explicado pela migração do front deformacional de leste para oeste. É sugestivo que as principais falhas de empurrão coincidam com limites bacinais importantes, onde ocorrem variações de espessura e representatividades das formações basais. No processo de inversão da bacia provavelmente os empurrões reativaram as antigas falhas lístricas principais do estágio rifte. / This work aims to characterize the geological and structural context of the Southern Paraguay Folded Belt, and to understand the stratigraphic relationships between the Puga Formation, Corumbá and Cuiabá groups. Regional geological reconnaissance work and detailed geological-structural field sections were carried out, with petrographic and structural analysis, together with integration of existing data and maps and analysis of satellite images, aerial photos and digital terrain models. The southern Paraguay Belt is a typical fold-andthrust belt. Its geological evolution began with rifting (Puga and Cerradinho formations), probably at the end of Criogenian, and evolved to restricted sea and passive margin (Bocaina, Tamengo and Guaicurus formations) in the late Ediacaran. It is proposed that the Cuiabá Group in the study area consists of distal marine deposits coeval with the Corumbá Group. The collisional process responsible for basin inversion and associated deformation and metamorphism occurred in the Cambrian, with post-collisional magmatism in the Upper Cambrian. The structural style becomes increasingly complex from west to east. Up to three overprinted coaxial folding phases are observed with north / south upright axial planes dipping to east and axes plunging gently to North or South. A system of thrust faults is associated with displacement of the hangwall to the west. Down-dip to oblique and strike-slip stretching lineations are also observed, with kinematic indicators showing movement varying from inverse to sinistral. This suggests that the collisional convergence toward the Rio Apa block which generated the mobile belt was not strictly frontal, but had some degree of obliquity, with convergence vectors around SSW - ENE. The Cuiabá Group mica-schists show the most complex structural style with three superimposed coaxial fold phases and more intense tectonic foliations. It is proposed that there would be time correlation between the S3 foliation in the mica-schists in the easternmost area, with the S2 foliation in the central area and the S1 cleavage at the limit of the cratonic area to the west. This pattern can be explained by the westward migration of the deformational front. It is suggestive that the main thrusts coincide with major basin boundaries, where greater variations in thickness and expression of the basal formations occur. During the basin inversion the thrusts probably reactivated the former main listric faults of the rift stage.

Orientador: Lucas Veríssimo Warren / Resumo: Drásticas mudanças climáticas, tectônicas, geoquímicas e bioevolutivas ocorreram ao final da Era Neoproterozoica e seu registro pode ser encontrado em diversas sucessões sedimentares ao redor do mundo. Uma dessas sucessões é a Formação Sete Lagoas, unidade carbonática basal do Grupo Bambuí, aflorante tanto na porção central e sul do Cráton do São Francisco. Considerando a extensa área de afloramento e grande continuidade estratigráfica desta unidade na região de Januária (norte de MG), este trabalho teve como objetivo definir a evolução sedimentar e paleoambiental da Formação Sete Lagoas a partir de uma abordagem sedimentológica, estratigráfica e geoquímica integrada, buscando compreender, por exemplo, variações nas condições redox, modificações no ciclo do carbono, temperatura da água e produtividade orgânica primária. Na área estudada, cinco associações de fácies foram definidas, da base para o topo: capa dolomítica (AF1), associação de carbonatos de perimaré (AF2), rampa carbonática influenciada por sismos (AF3), cordão oolítico litorâneo (AF4) e planície de maré dominada por microbialitos (AF5). Devido sua singularidade e importância no registro, duas sucessões distintas foram estudadas detalhadamente: os precipitados de fundo oceânico pertencente à capa dolomítica e a brecha intraformacional (flat-pebble breccia) nas porções basal e intermediária da unidade, respectivamente. Os precipitados de fundo oceânico são representados por leques carbonáticos (pseudomorfos de arag... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Major climatic, tectonic, biogeochemical and evolutionary changes occurred during Late Neoproterozoic are recorded in several sedimentary successions around the world. One of these successions is the Sete Lagoas Formation, the basal unit of the Bambuí Group, present both in the southern and central part of São Francisco Craton. Because of excellent exposure and and great stratigraphic continuity of this unit, this study focused on the the sedimentary and paleoenvironmental evolution of the Sete Lagoas Formation near Januária area– MG in the central São Francisco Craton, based on a sedimentological, stratigraphic and geochemical approaches. Five facies associations were defined in the studied area: cap dolostone (FA1), peritidal carbonates (FA2), seismic-influenced carbonate ramp (FA3), oolitic belt (FA4) and tidal flat dominated by microbialites (FA5). Due to their importance in the rock record, two distinct intervals were studied in detail: the seafloor precipitates and the flat-pebble breccia from the lower and middle part of the unit, respecively. The seafloor precipitates are represented by carbonate fans (aragonite pseudomorphs), barite and authigenic apatitic cements. The latter was described here for the first time in a cap carbonate context, and this mineralogical association is interpreted as the result of iron reduction of sediments in conjunction with high alkalinity of the seawater. Since barite fans have been used to infer the Marinoan age of this cap carbonate, ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

The Neoproterozoic was a time of major change in Earth’s surficial history, including a major rise in atmospheric oxygen, the first appearance of complex metazoan life, and a series of worldwide glaciations. A particular interesting element of these so called “snowball Earth” glacial deposits is the presence of iron formation, a distinctive Precambrian rock type that is largely absent from the post-Paleoproterozoic record. Despite being relatively poorly studied with respect to their geochemistry and sedimentology, Neoproterozoic iron formations are used to support many models for the record of oxygen concentrations of the Earth. The classical example of Neoproterozoic iron formation is the Rapitan iron formation of northwestern Canada. This hematite-jasper iron formation is associated with glaciogenic turbidites and diamictites. Despite being the archetype, the Rapitan iron formation has not been studied in the context of recent ideas about the Neoproterozoic. In this thesis, the stratigraphy, geochemistry, and basin architecture of the Rapitan iron formation are reassessed. Using the REE+Y and the redox-sensitive elements Mo and U, it is shown that the Rapitan iron formation was deposited in a partially restricted basin from biogenically reduced iron under variable redox conditions. Elemental Re and Mo isotopes further show that although oxic and ferruginous conditions predominated during deposition of the iron formation, a transition towards a sulfidic water column locally terminated deposition. Finally, regional stratigraphy and geochemistry show that the iron formation was preferentially deposited in deep, newly formed basins that were protected from significant siliciclastic sedimentation. These basins were delimited by inferred crustal-scale faults trending roughly perpendicular to the axis of the rift basin, and allowed significant changes in thickness and sedimentological character over short distances along strike. These factors help build an overall geotectonic regime under which Neoproterozoic iron formations were deposited: young, deep rift basins that had undergone marine incursion, and were intermittently sealed by an ice shelf, allowing for the generation of an anoxic, iron-rich water column. The absence of the Eu anomaly and the heavy Mo isotopic signature indicate that the open ocean was fully oxygenated at the time of Rapitan iron formation deposition, as opposed to ferruginous as previously suggested.

One of the most important events in the history of life is the evolution of the complex, eukaryotic cell. The eukaryotes are complex organisms with membrane-bound intracellular structures, and they include a variety of both single-celled and multicellular organisms: plants, animals, fungi and various protists. The evolutionary origin of this group may be studied by direct evidence of past life: fossils. The oldest traces of eukaryotes have appeared by 2.4 billion years ago (Ga), and have additionally diversified in the period around 1.8 Ga. The Mesoproterozoic Era (1.6-1 Ga) is characterised by the first evidence of the appearance complex unicellular microfossils, as well as innovative morphologies, and the evolution of sexual reproduction and multicellularity. For a better understanding of the early eukaryotic evolution and diversification patterns, a part of this thesis has focused on the microfossil records from various time periods and geographic locations. Examination of microfossil morphology, cell wall microstructure and biochemical properties, reflect their intracellular complexity and function, and allow reconstructions of their life cycle, as well as observing the evolutionary pattern of change from Mesoproterozoic, to Cambrian-Ordovician transition. Several case studies included assemblages deriving from Mesoproterozoic, Neoproterozoic and early Paleozoic time intervals that show disparate morphotypes and innovative features indicative of algal clades. The Mesoproterozoic Ruyang Group in northern China has yielded a diverse microfossil assemblage that provides important clues about the diversification of different eukaryotic groups. Furthermore these microfossils contributed an additional evidence for the emergence of the crown group Eukarya by 1.7-1.4 Ga. In another part of this thesis, examination of wall microstructure and chemical properties via Raman spectroscopy has been used to assess the biological affinities of various Neoproterozoic problematic carbonaceous compression fossils. Studies on the early Phanerozoic (c. 545-485 Ma) assemblages from Estonia reconstructed patterns of the early radiations of phytoplankton and its evolutionary innovations. A continuing theme in this thesis has been using a combination of evidence of microfossils’ fine-scale morphology, ecology and chemical properties to determine their function in life, in addition to their systematic position. / Palaeobiology and diversification of Proterozoic-Cambrian photosynthetic eukaryotes

O Bloco São Gabriel, localizado na zona central do embasamento cristalino do Rio Grande Sul, apresenta extensos registros do Neoproterozóico do Ciclo Brasiliano, contidos em complexos ígneos e metamórficos. Esses complexos também guardam registros sedimentares, com sequências carbonáticas metamorfisadas, cuja evolução tectônica é pouco conhecida. Essas sequências são observadas na Formação Passo Feio (Caçapava do Sul), no Complexo Cambaí (Vila Nova do Sul) e no Complexo Metavulcano-sedimentar Coxilha do Batovi (São Gabriel). As rochas carbonáticas da Formação Passo Feio compreendem dolomita mármores impuros. As amostras do Complexo Cambaí são classificadas como calcita mármores impuros. Os mármores do Complexo Coxilha do Batovi compreendem litotipos calcíticos e cálcio-silicáticos, cuja assembleia mineral é composta predominantemente por calcita em alguns exemplares e por grafita em outros, com percentuais de até 10% de quartzo, demonstrando contribuição siliciclástica no protólito. Idades de zircões de rochas associadas com os mármores, de trabalhos anteriores, indicam um intervalo entre 770 – 700 Ma para a deposição dos carbonatos do Bloco São Gabriel. Os carbonatos da Formação Passo Feio sofreram dolomitização durante ou logo após a deposição, enquanto os carbonatos do Complexo Cambaí não foram afetados pela dolomitização. A geoquímica dos elementos traços e terras raras indica que os mármores analisados preservaram as assinaturas originais do protólito nos diferentes graus metamórficos: Coxiha do Batovi (grau baixo), Formação Passo Feio e Complexo Cambaí (grau médio). A análise integrada dos isotópicos de Sr, 13C e 18O da Formação Passo Feio e do Complexo Cambaí revelou a preservação de assinaturas isotópicas primárias. Na Formação Passo Feio essas assinaturas são: 0,7074 (Sr87/Sr86), -0,26‰ e 2,44‰ (δ13CPDB) e -5,68‰ (δ18OPDB). Quando comparadas com a variação desses isótopos na água do mar ao longo do Neoproterozóico, verifica-se que os mármores da Formação Passo Feio e do Complexo Cambaí estão situados no intervalo entre 740 e 730 Ma. O período sugerido para a deposição das rochas carbonáticas da Formação Passo Feio é de 770 a 730 Ma, e entre 740-730 para o Complexo Cambaí. / The São Gabriel Block, located in the central zone of the crystalline basement of Rio Grande do Sul has extensive Neoproterozoic records of the Brasiliano Cycle, contained in igneous and metamorphic complexes. These complexes also keep sedimentary records with metamorphosed carbonate sequences whose tectonic evolution is poorly understood. These sequences are found in Passo Feio Formation, located in Caçapava do Sul region, in Complex Cambaí, at Vila Nova do Sul region and in Coxilha do Batovi metavolcanosedimentary Complex, in the São Gabriel region. The Passo Feio Formation carbonate rocks consist of impure dolomite marbles. The Cambaí Complex samples are classified as impure calcite marbles. Coxilha do Batovi Complex samples include calcite and calc-silicate marbles whose mineral assemblage are composed predominantly of calcite in some samples and graphite in others, with quartz rates up to 10% showing the siliciclastic contribution to the protolith. Zircon ages of associated rocks from previous works indicate an interval between 770-700 Ma for carbonate deposition in S. Gabriel Block. The carbonates from Passo Feio Formation were affected by dolomitization process during or early after its deposition, while the carbonates from Cambaí Complex were not affected by dolomitization. Trace elements and REE geochemistry of marbles indicate preservation of original signature of carbonate protoliths along different metamorphic grades; Coxilha do Batovi (low grade), Passo Feio Formation and Cambaí Complex (medium grade). The integrated analysis of Sr isotope, 13C and 18O from Passo Feio Formation and Cambaí Complex revealed the preservation of primary isotopic signatures. The Passo Feio Formation signatures are: 0,7074 (Sr87/Sr86), -0,26‰ and 2,44‰ (δ13CPDB) and -5,68 (δ18OPDB). In Cambaí Complex, the primary signatures are: 0,7069 (Sr87/Sr86), 5,75 (δ13CPDB) and -11,64 (δ18OPDB). When compared with the variation of these isotopes in seawater along the Neoproterozoic it appears that Passo Feio Formation and Cambaí Complex are situated in the range between 740 and 730 Ma. Based on these data it is suggested that the São Gabriel Block depositional event occurred between 770-700 Ma. The period suggested for the carbonate rocks depositional event of Passo Feio Formation is between 770-730 Ma, and specifically between 740-730 for Cambaí Complex.

O Bloco São Gabriel, localizado na zona central do embasamento cristalino do Rio Grande Sul, apresenta extensos registros do Neoproterozóico do Ciclo Brasiliano, contidos em complexos ígneos e metamórficos. Esses complexos também guardam registros sedimentares, com sequências carbonáticas metamorfisadas, cuja evolução tectônica é pouco conhecida. Essas sequências são observadas na Formação Passo Feio (Caçapava do Sul), no Complexo Cambaí (Vila Nova do Sul) e no Complexo Metavulcano-sedimentar Coxilha do Batovi (São Gabriel). As rochas carbonáticas da Formação Passo Feio compreendem dolomita mármores impuros. As amostras do Complexo Cambaí são classificadas como calcita mármores impuros. Os mármores do Complexo Coxilha do Batovi compreendem litotipos calcíticos e cálcio-silicáticos, cuja assembleia mineral é composta predominantemente por calcita em alguns exemplares e por grafita em outros, com percentuais de até 10% de quartzo, demonstrando contribuição siliciclástica no protólito. Idades de zircões de rochas associadas com os mármores, de trabalhos anteriores, indicam um intervalo entre 770 – 700 Ma para a deposição dos carbonatos do Bloco São Gabriel. Os carbonatos da Formação Passo Feio sofreram dolomitização durante ou logo após a deposição, enquanto os carbonatos do Complexo Cambaí não foram afetados pela dolomitização. A geoquímica dos elementos traços e terras raras indica que os mármores analisados preservaram as assinaturas originais do protólito nos diferentes graus metamórficos: Coxiha do Batovi (grau baixo), Formação Passo Feio e Complexo Cambaí (grau médio). A análise integrada dos isotópicos de Sr, 13C e 18O da Formação Passo Feio e do Complexo Cambaí revelou a preservação de assinaturas isotópicas primárias. Na Formação Passo Feio essas assinaturas são: 0,7074 (Sr87/Sr86), -0,26‰ e 2,44‰ (δ13CPDB) e -5,68‰ (δ18OPDB). Quando comparadas com a variação desses isótopos na água do mar ao longo do Neoproterozóico, verifica-se que os mármores da Formação Passo Feio e do Complexo Cambaí estão situados no intervalo entre 740 e 730 Ma. O período sugerido para a deposição das rochas carbonáticas da Formação Passo Feio é de 770 a 730 Ma, e entre 740-730 para o Complexo Cambaí. / The São Gabriel Block, located in the central zone of the crystalline basement of Rio Grande do Sul has extensive Neoproterozoic records of the Brasiliano Cycle, contained in igneous and metamorphic complexes. These complexes also keep sedimentary records with metamorphosed carbonate sequences whose tectonic evolution is poorly understood. These sequences are found in Passo Feio Formation, located in Caçapava do Sul region, in Complex Cambaí, at Vila Nova do Sul region and in Coxilha do Batovi metavolcanosedimentary Complex, in the São Gabriel region. The Passo Feio Formation carbonate rocks consist of impure dolomite marbles. The Cambaí Complex samples are classified as impure calcite marbles. Coxilha do Batovi Complex samples include calcite and calc-silicate marbles whose mineral assemblage are composed predominantly of calcite in some samples and graphite in others, with quartz rates up to 10% showing the siliciclastic contribution to the protolith. Zircon ages of associated rocks from previous works indicate an interval between 770-700 Ma for carbonate deposition in S. Gabriel Block. The carbonates from Passo Feio Formation were affected by dolomitization process during or early after its deposition, while the carbonates from Cambaí Complex were not affected by dolomitization. Trace elements and REE geochemistry of marbles indicate preservation of original signature of carbonate protoliths along different metamorphic grades; Coxilha do Batovi (low grade), Passo Feio Formation and Cambaí Complex (medium grade). The integrated analysis of Sr isotope, 13C and 18O from Passo Feio Formation and Cambaí Complex revealed the preservation of primary isotopic signatures. The Passo Feio Formation signatures are: 0,7074 (Sr87/Sr86), -0,26‰ and 2,44‰ (δ13CPDB) and -5,68 (δ18OPDB). In Cambaí Complex, the primary signatures are: 0,7069 (Sr87/Sr86), 5,75 (δ13CPDB) and -11,64 (δ18OPDB). When compared with the variation of these isotopes in seawater along the Neoproterozoic it appears that Passo Feio Formation and Cambaí Complex are situated in the range between 740 and 730 Ma. Based on these data it is suggested that the São Gabriel Block depositional event occurred between 770-700 Ma. The period suggested for the carbonate rocks depositional event of Passo Feio Formation is between 770-730 Ma, and specifically between 740-730 for Cambaí Complex.