Diss. (sammanfattning) Karlstad : Karlstads universitet, 2008. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (PhD.(Immunology)--Faculty of Health Sciences)-University of Pretoria, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (doctoral)--Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 1988. / Extra t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (doctoral)--Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 1988. / Extra t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 2006. / Embargoed. Vita. Bibliography: 117-136.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Virginia, 2008. / In title: [A] is subscript upper case A; [B] is subscript upper case B. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online through Digital Dissertations.

Οι λοιμώξεις από διάφορους παθογόνους μικροοργανισμούς αποτελούν σημαντική αιτία νοσηρότητας και θνησιμότητας κατά τη διάρκεια της περιγεννητικής περιόδου. Η αυξημένη ευαισθησία των νεογνών σε βακτηριακές λοιμώξεις έχει αποδοθεί σε ανωριμότητα της έμφυτης ανοσίας. Θεωρείται ότι ένας από τους μηχανισμούς που ευθύνεται είναι η μειωμένη φαγοκυτταρική λειτουργία των ουδετερόφιλων και μονοκυττάρων. Ο σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης ήταν να διερευνήσουμε την φαγοκυτταρική ικανότητα των νεογνικών ουδετερόφιλων και μονοκυττάρων στο αίμα του ομφάλιου λώρου και στο περιφερικό αίμα 3 ημέρες μετά τη γέννηση. Μέθοδος: Διερευνήσαμε την φαγοκυτταρική ικανότητα των ουδετερόφιλων και μονοκυττάρων σε μια ομάδα 42 νεογνών. Η in vitro φαγοκυτταρική δραστηριότητα υπολογίστηκε με βάση το Phagotest kit (Opregen Pharma, Heidelberg, Γερμανία) χρησιμοποιώντας κυτταρομετρία ροής, η οποία εκτιμά την πρόσληψη E. Coli από τα φαγοκύτταρα, στον ομφάλιο λώρο και στο περιφερικό αίμα την τρίτη μέρα ζωής. Τυχαία επιλεγμένοι 15 ξένοι υγιείς ενήλικες συμπεριελήφθησαν στη μελέτη και αποτέλεσαν την ομάδα ελέγχου-controls. Αποτελέσματα: Η φαγοκυτταρική ικανότητα των ουδετερόφιλων στο αίμα του ομφάλιου λώρου ήταν σημαντικά μειωμένη σε σύγκριση με εκείνη των ενηλίκων. Την 3η μεταγεννητική ημέρα η φαγοκυτταρική ικανότητα των ουδετερόφιλων είχε αυξηθεί σε σύγκριση με εκείνη στο αίμα του ομφάλιου λώρου και δεν διαφέρει σημαντικά από εκείνη των ενηλίκων. Η φαγοκυτταρική ικανότητα των μονοκυττάρων δεν διέφερε από αυτή των ενηλίκων, τόσο κατά τη γέννηση όσο και την τρίτη μεταγεννητική μέρα. Συμπέρασμα: Η μελέτη μας έδειξε ότι η πρόσληψη του E. Coli από τα φαγοκύτταρα είναι μειωμένη στα νεογνά (πρόωρα και τελειόμηνα) στη γέννηση, σε σύγκριση με τους ενήλικες. Αυτή η ατέλεια είναι παροδική, καθώς την 3η ημέρα μετά τη γέννησή η φαγοκυτταρική ικανότητα των νεογνών φτάνει στα επίπεδα των ενηλίκων. / Infections by a variety of pathogens are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality during perinatal period. The susceptibility of neonates to bacterial infections has been attributed to immaturity of innate immunity. It is considered that one of the impaired mechanisms is the phagocytic function of neutrophils and monocytes. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the phagocytic ability of neonates at birth and the third postnatal day. Methods: The phagocytic ability of neutrophils and monocytes of 42 neonates was determined using the Phagotest flow cytometry method, that assesses the intake of E. Coli by phagocytes, in cord blood and in peripheral blood 3 days after birth. Fifteen healthy adults were included in the study as controls. Results: The phagocytic ability of neutrophils in the cord blood of neonates was significantly reduced compared to adults. The 3rd postnatal day the reduction of phagocytic ability of neutrophils was no longer significant compared to adults. The phagocytic ability of monocytes did not show any difference from that of adults either at birth or the 3rd postnatal day. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the intake of E. Coli by phagocytes is impaired at birth in both preterm and full term neonates compared to adults. This defect is transient, with the phagocytic ability in neonates reaching that of the adults 3 days after birth.

O neutrófilo é a célula predominante no sangue circulante e medeia as primeiras respostas da imunidade inata contra infecções, graças a sua capacidade de fagocitar e destruir patógenos. A mieloperoxidase (MPO) é a proteína mais abundante do neutrófilo e a sua potente atividade microbicida está relacionada à sua participação na geração de moléculas oxidantes capazes de degradar uma ampla variedade de estruturas biológicas. Contudo, à MPO também tem sido atribuído um papel deletério nos processos inflamatórios por mediar danos ao endotélio e amplificar a inflamação. A liberação da MPO do neutrófilo diretamente sobre o endotélio depende da interação célula-célula mediada pela integrina CD11b/CD18 (também conhecida como receptor do complemento tipo 3, CR3) expressa nos neutrófilos e pela molécula de adesão intercelular-1 (ICAM-1) no endotélio, sugerindo um papel importante para o CR3 em mediar o dano tecidual em condições inflamatórias crônicas. A cadeia CD11b (?M) do CR3 é codificada pelo gene ITGAM (Integrin Alpha M) e um polimorfismo devido à troca de um único nucleotídeo, G328A, resulta na substituição de uma arginina por uma histidina na posição 77 no domínio extracelular da molécula CD11b, levando à existência de duas variantes polimórficas (R77 e 77H). Este polimorfismo recebe o número de referência rs1143679. A variante 77H está associada à suscetibilidade ao lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES), mas o comprometimento funcional desta variante ainda não é compreendido. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se o polimorfismo da cadeia CD11b influencia o burst oxidativo dependente de MPO em neutrófilos humanos de indivíduos saudáveis. Os genótipos foram determinados por reação em cadeia da polimerase para identificação das variantes alélicas; os neutrófilos foram estimulados com zimosan opsonizado com soro humano normal; a expressão do CR3 foi avaliada por citometria de fluxo com anticorpo monoclonal específico; a avaliação da atividade da enzima MPO foi realizada através da quantificação indireta de seu produto, o ácido hipocloroso, pelo método da taurina-cloramina; o burst oxidativo foi medido por quimioluminescência (QL) dependente de luminol e de lucigenina. Não houve diferença estatística na atividade da MPO entre os grupos, contudo a presença da variante 77H nos neutrófilos mostrou uma menor liberação de MPO quando comparada aquela de neutrófilos com a variante R77. Esta diminuição da liberação da MPO não foi relacionada à diferença de expressão do CR3, uma vez que a análise da expressão do CR3 nos neutrófilos não mostrou diferenças entre os grupos. Nenhuma diferença foi observada na medida de QL. Levando-se em consideração as funções imunomodulatórias da MPO, dependentes e independentes da sua atividade catalítica, nas interações entre neutrófilo e endotélio mediadas pelo CR3, nosso resultado mostra a necessidade de investigar se pequenas diferenças entre a liberação de MPO por neutrófilos, expressando a variante 77H da cadeia CD11b, pode explicar a associação deste polimorfismo com a suscetibilidade ao LES e/ou outras doenças. / The neutrophils are the predominant cells in the circulating blood and mediates the first responses of innate immunity against infections, thanks to their ability to phagocyte and destroy pathogens. The myeloperoxidase (MPO) is the most abundant protein in the neutrophils and its potent microbicidal activity is related to its participation in the generation of oxidant molecules capable of degrading a wide variety of biological structures. However, the MPO has also been attributed a deleterious role in mediating inflammatory processes at endothelial damage and amplifying inflammation. The release of MPO from neutrophils depends directly on the endothelial cell-cell interaction mediated by the integrin CD11b / CD18 (also known as the complement receptor type 3, CR3) expressed in neutrophils and the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in the endothelium, suggesting an important role for CR3 in mediating tissue damage in chronic inflammatory conditions. The CD11b chain (?M) of CR3 is encoded by the gene ITGAM (Integrin Alpha M) and a polymorphism due to the exchange of a single nucleotide, G328A, results in the substitution of an arginine by a histidine at position 77 in the extracellular domain of the CD11b molecule, leading to the existence of two polymorphic variants (R77 and 77H). This polymorphism receives the reference numeral rs1143679. The 77H variant is associated with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but the functional impairment of this variant is not yet understood. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the polymorphism of the CD11b chain influences the oxidative burst dependent MPO in human neutrophils from healthy individuals. The genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction to identify the allelic variants; neutrophils were stimulated with opsonized zymosan with normal human serum; of CR3 expression was assessed by flow cytometry with specific monoclonal antibody; evaluating the MPO enzyme activity was performed by indirect measurement of your product, hypochlorous acid, the method of taurine-chloramine; The oxidative burst was measured by chemiluminescence (Q) dependent luminol and lucigenin. There was no statistical difference in MPO activity between the groups, but the presence of the 77H variant in neutrophils showed a lower release of MPO compared that of neutrophils with the R77 variant. This reduction of MPO release was not related to the difference CR3 expression, since the analysis of CR3 expression on neutrophils showed no differences between groups. No difference was observed in the extent of QL. Taking into account the immunomodulatory functions of MPO-dependent and independent of its catalytic activity, interactions between neutrophils and the endothelium mediated CR3, our result shows the need to investigate whether small differences between the MPO release by neutrophils, expressing the variant 77H of the CD11b chain, may explain the association of this polymorphism with susceptibility to SLE and / or other diseases.

Le cancer du poumon est la première cause de mortalité par cancer en France et dans le monde. Aujourd'hui, en France, la survie cinq ans après un diagnostic de cancer du poumon est de seulement 14%, ce qui en fait l'un des cancers les plus difficiles à soigner. La médecine personnalisée, notamment l’immunothérapie, est désormais l’approche privilégiée pour les cancers du poumon aux stades métastatiques. Au sein d’une tumeur, les cellules cancéreuses sont entourées par un microenvironnement inflammatoire riche en polymorphonucléaires neutrophiles (PMN). Alors qu’il est établi que la présence répétée de PMN est associée au développement des carcinomes, la contribution de l'interaction intratumorale des PMN avec les cellules cancéreuses dans la progression tumorale n’est pas claire. Pour cela nos objectifs ont été de : 1) décrypter les moyens de communication engagés entre les neutrophiles et les cellules tumorales (miARNs et microvésicules) et 2) la régulation de ces acteurs dans les cellules réceptrices, 3) démontrer leur rôle dans la progression et la dissémination tumorale. La plasticité tumorale et l’invasion font parties des caractéristiques les plus importantes de la progression du cancer. Ces travaux nous ont permis d’identifier un nouveau mécanisme d'acquisition transitoire du phénotype invasif via le transfert de miARNs extracellulaires dans les cellules tumorales. Nous avons pu observer que le miR-223-3p extracellulaire est transféré des PMN aux cellules tumorales pulmonaires via des exosomes. / Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality in France and worldwide. Today in France, the overall five-year survival rate after diagnosis is only 14%, making it one of the most challenging cancers to treat. Personalized medicine is now the preferred approach for lung cancer for metastatic stage, including so-called immunotherapy. Within a tumor, cancer cells are surrounded by an inflammatory microenvironment rich in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). While it is established that the presence of PMN is associated with the development of carcinomas, the contribution of intratumoral PMN and their interaction with cancer cells in tumor progression is unclear. To explore these hypotheses, objectives of our study were: 1) to decrypt the communication between neutrophils and tumor cells (miRNAs and microvesicles) and 2) the regulation of these actors in the recipient cells, 3) to demonstrate their role in tumor progression and dissemination. Tumor plasticity and invasion are part of the most important features of cancer progression. This work has allowed us to identify a new mechanism of transient acquisition of phenotype by transfer of extracellular miRNA (ex-miRNA) into cancer cells with and, importantly, by letting the ex-miRNA decay. We observed that the ex-miR-223-3p is transferred from PMN to lung tumor cells via exosomes. This transfer is functional, as demonstrated by the occurrence of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) associated with an invasive phenotype and inhibition of one of its targets, FOXO1 transcription factor.

Two murine models of acute inflammation, namely thioglycollate-induced peritonitis and carrageenan-induced paw edema, were optimized using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin and corticosteroid dexamethasone. During the optimization phase, the presence of neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, eosinophils, B cells and T cells in the peritoneal cavity at various time points after injection of thioglycollate medium was assessed via multicolor flow cytometry. Moreover, two different thioglycollate media (suppliers BD and Sigma-Aldrich) were compared for their ability to induce an inflammatory response. The optimization of thioglycollate-induced peritonitis and carrageenan-induced paw edema was followed by the evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of Ixodes ricinus cystatins G1 and G9 in both mouse models.