Maraging steels have got high strength and good toughness. Maraging steel MDN 250A grade is used for slat tracks on the leading edge of the wing of Light Combat Aircraft (LCA). This application requires high strength and good wear resistance. Required wear resistance for this application can be achieved by ion-nitriding (also called as Plasma nitriding or Glow discharge nitriding) process of case hardening. In conventional gas nitriding process the nitriding temperature is 500 – 550 0C, which is above the aging temperature of maraging steel. Ion-nitriding at temperatures lower than 480 0C is thought to be suitable for surface hardening for application of this material in slat tracks of the leading edge of the wing of LCA. Besides this ion-nitriding is stated to improve fatigue & wear resistance properties without significantly affecting other properties. Also this is a process where the thickness requirement is minimum for the wear properties accomplished. Further, no distortion, warpage and such other dimensional inhomogeneity problems are encountered. In ion-nitriding method glow discharge technology is used to introduce nascent (elemental) nitrogen to the surface of a metal part for subsequent diffusion into the material. The plasma assisted surface modification techniques offer a great flexibility and are capable in tailoring desirable chemical and structural surface properties independent of the bulk properties. It has other advantages like nil or very thin white layer after nitriding and there is no machining or grinding involved for complex parts after the process. The hardened surface layers become an integral part of the basic material without any significant reduction in the properties of base material. Aim of the present work is to study ion-nitriding process on Maraging steels, to carry out ion nitriding of Maraging steel MDN 250A grade at different temperatures and evaluation of properties. Presently, the ion-nitrided slat tracks have been cleared for limited usage instead of full expected life. Studies are also needed to understand the fatigue behavior upon nitriding. The main aspects considered in this study are, optimization of thickness of the ion-nitrided layer and properties required for aircraft applications like slat tracks on the leading edge of the wing where wear resistance, corrosion resistance, mechanical properties like tensile strength, impact strength and fatigue strength are important. To establish the variation in the basic properties of maraging steel (MDN 250A Grade) because of ion nitriding. Aging of Maraging steel is done at 480 ± 5 0C with very close temperature control. In industrial ion-nitriding furnaces the temperature control is of the order of ± 10 0C. As a part of this research work ion-nitriding at three different temperatures which are well below 480 0C were chosen. These temperatures are 435 0C, 450 0C and 465 0C and soaking time i.e., ion-nitriding duration is 10 hours. Microstructure is characterized using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and X-ray Diffraction. Properties evaluated include Hardness, Case depth, Tensile, Low Cycle Fatigue, Impact and Corrosion by Salt Spray. Optical microscopy and SEM examination don’t show change in core microstructure of the material after ion-nitriding. The iron compound formed in the hardened layer is Fe4N for all the three nitriding temperatures. Ion-nitrided specimens exhibit higher surface hardness and good case depth. Salt spray test results shows that there is animprovement in corrosion resistance after nitriding. The nitrided samples shown higher UTS and 0.2 % PS values than un nitrided ones, where as % Elongation and % Reduction in Area are lower for nitrided samples as compared to un nitrided samples. This can be attributed to the surface layer getting hardened because of ion nitriding. Impact strength of nitrided samples is lower compared to un nitrided samples. This is again due to the surface layer getting hardened because of ion nitriding. Low cycle fatigue properties obtained on ion-nitrided samples show improvement in the fatigue strength due to introduction of the residual compressive stresses. The mechanical properties satisfy the design requirements. Thus ion-nitriding of this Maraging steel (MDN 250A Grade) is suitable for parts which are subjected to constant wear and are complex in shape.

The saturation of the near surface layers of metals with different elements is a powerful tool to change their surface properties. In this work, structure and transport changes induced by incorporation of large amounts of nitrogen at moderate temperatures (∼370−430°C) in austenitic stainless steel are investigated. The structural study of the plasma nitrided ASS has been carried out using a combination of global (X-ray diffraction, nuclear reaction analysis) and local probe techniques (Mossbauer, X-ray absorption near edge structure, extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopies). It reveals that nitriding at moderate temperatures (∼400°C) results in the nitrided layer with Fe, Cr and Ni being in different local chemical environments: Cr in the CrN-like state, Fe in the Fe4N-like state, Ni in the metallic state. The results demonstrate that the incorporation of interstitial nitrogen destabilizes homogeneous distribution of the ASS constituents, which leads to the segregation of the elements into small zones rich in Cr and Ni and provide strong evidence that the decomposition is of a spinodal nature. These experimental findings contradict the widely accepted view that the phase formed during nitriding at moderate temperatures is a homogeneous supersaturated nitrogen solid solution. The nitrogen atomic transport study has been carried out by using ion beam nitriding of single-crystalline stainless steel, and the issues of the influence of the crystalline orientation, nitriding temperature, ion flux and ion energy are addressed. The diffusion coefficients have been extracted from the fitting of the nitrogen depth profiles by using the trapping-detrapping model. It is shown that the crystalline orientation plays a significant role in nitrogen diffusion: the penetration depth is largest, intermediate and lowest for the (001), (110) and (111) orientation, respectively. The pre-exponential factor D0 varies by two orders of magnitude depending on the orientation, while the activation energy E is similar (∼1.1 eV) for the (111) and (110) orientations and higher for the (001) orientation (∼1.4 eV). It is found that the nitrogen ion energy and the flux have the effect on the nitrogen transport in the bulk with higher energies (or fluxes) showing larger diffusion coefficients. The ion energy effect is more pronounced for the (001) than for the (111) orientation, while the flux effect is similar in both orientations. In addition, the diffusivity during post-nitriding thermal annealing without ion irradiation is found to be independent of the crystalline orientation. The observed radiation enhanced diffusion and anisotropy are discussed on the basis of nitrogen incorporation induced changes in the matrix structure (ASS decomposition and formation heterogeneous structure), ion bombardment induced effects (defects, localized vibrations) and correlated diffusion.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:06:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EtevaldoMV.pdf: 1261364 bytes, checksum: f1890a7da662c7e4523bd11ec6a3278a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-23 / In the research, steel samples tool AISI D2, treated thermally, in the conditions: relief of tension, when maximum, seasoned and seasoned was treated thermally in the temperature of revenimento and revenida had been nitrited in plasma with cathodic cage, in atmosphere of 80%N2:20%H2. One used pressure of 2,5 mbar, 400 and 480?C temperatures with treatment time of 3 and 4 hours, with the objective to evaluate its performance in pipes cut tool. It was compared that the performance of the same steel when only thermally treated, both with tension relief. It was evaluated its hardness. Microstructural aspects (the layer thickness, interface, graisn size, etc) and crystalline phases on the surface. Besides, it was verified accomplishment possibility of nitriding simultaneous to annealing treatment. The tempering samples had presented hardness levels of 600 HV, while in nitrited samples these values had been 1100 HV / Neste trabalho, amostras de a?o ferramenta AISI D2, tratadas termicamente, nas condi??es de recozida, de revenimento m?ximo e na condi??o de temperada e revenida foram nitretadas em plasma com gaiola cat?dica, em atmosfera de 80%N2:20%H2. Utilizou-se press?o de 2,5mbar, temperaturas de 400 e 480?C com tempo de tratamento de 3 e 4 horas, com o objetivo de avaliar o seu desempenho em ferramenta de corte. Comparou-se com o desempenho do mesmo a?o quando apenas tratado termicamente, ambos com al?vio de tens?o. Avaliou-se a dureza, aspectos microestruturais (espessura da camada, interface, etc) e fases cristalinas presentes na superf?cie. Al?m disso, verificou-se a possibilidade de realiza??o da nitreta??o simult?nea ao tratamento de revenido. As amostras temperadas e revenidas apresentaram n?veis de dureza de aproximadamente 600HV. Quando nitretadas a uma temperatura de 480?C durante 3h, que foram as melhores condi??es de tratamento, essas amostras apresentaram dureza superficial de 1100HV

La nitruration des aciers est un traitement thermochimique très utilisé dans l'aéronautique. Il est connu pour améliorer la tenue en fatigue des composants mécaniques. Il est basé sur la diffusion de l'azote en surface des pièces traitées. Des mécanismes complexes sont alors mis en jeu et provoquent la naissance de contraintes internes et de déformations dites "résiduelles" des pièces traitées. Suivant leur géométrie, les pièces peuvent se déformer de plusieurs millimètres, et être soumises à des contraintes internes de traction-compression importantes. L'objectif de ce travail est de proposer une modélisation multi-physiques du traitement de nitruration permettant de prédire, pour n'importe quelle géométrie de pièce, les contraintes résiduelles et les déformations qu'elles subiront lors du traitement. Ces informations, précieuses aux ingénieurs, permettront de mieux maîtriser, et donc d'optimiser les processus de dimensionnement et de fabrication des pièces nitrurées. / Nitriding of steel is a thermo-chemical treatment well known to improve the mechanical properties of the material. It is based on the diffusion of nitrogen into the surface of treated parts. Complex phenomena are then involved and generate residual stresses and distortions. Depending on their geometry, parts can be distorted up to several millimeters and be subject to significant internal tensile-compression stresses. The aim of this work is to provide a multi-physical model of the nitriding in order to predict, for any part geometry, their residual stresses and distortions after treatment. These informations, precious for engineers, will allow to optimize the design and the manufacturing processes of nitrided parts.

Submitted by SANDRO LOMBARDO null (sandro_lombardo@hotmail.com) on 2016-01-20T23:30:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Corr Final Tese Dout jan 2016 Jorge.pdf: 23312831 bytes, checksum: 6cc19a3de9b693fbea3cce727e0826ad (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Manzano de Almeida (smanzano@marilia.unesp.br) on 2016-01-21T13:06:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 lombardo_s_dr_guara.pdf: 23312831 bytes, checksum: 6cc19a3de9b693fbea3cce727e0826ad (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-21T13:06:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 lombardo_s_dr_guara.pdf: 23312831 bytes, checksum: 6cc19a3de9b693fbea3cce727e0826ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Os aços Maraging são aços de ultra-alta-resistência, tem composição à base de ferro ligado com cerca de 18% de níquel, com limite de esoamento entre 1.400 a 2.500 MPa. Possuem propriedades superiores, tais como a alta ductilidade, boa soldabilidade, tratamento térmico simples sem deformações, boa usinabilidade, alta resistência e resistência ao desgaste. A sua boa tenacidade permiti que suporte tensões repetidas de fadiga por maior tempo, comparado com outros aços de alta resistência. Para o presente trabalho, a partir de diversos testes de solda a laser, aplicação de tratamentos térmicos e tratamento superficial de nitretação a plasma, foram estudadas as propriedades mecânicas através de ensaios de tração, fadiga, impacto, dureza e rugosidade. Foram também analisadas, com auxílio do Microscópio Óptico, as características microstuturais da zona de fusão (ZF), zona térmica afetada (ZTA) pelo calor da solda e camada nitretada. Com o auxílio de um Microscópio Eletrônico de Varredura (MEV) analisou-se o mecanismo da fratura e foram realizadas análises por E.D.S. (Energia Dispersiva de Raios X). Foram realizados vários teste com tempos e temperaturas para se definir a melhor condição de envelhecimento, obteve-se a temperatura de 480°C por 3 horas como satisfatoria. A solda a laser mostrou-se eficaz para a união das chapas, com perda de resistência inferior a 10%, quando comparada com a resistência do aço maraging sem solda. As análises da superfície fraturada mostram que a ruptura dos corpos de prova soldados ocorrereu na região da zona fundida, e possui natureza dúctil, com a formação de dimples, para todas as condições de tratamento térmico, o processo de soldagem e nitretação a plasma não alteraram o tipo de fratura típica dos aços maraging. A vida em fadiga não foi prejudicada pela nitretação, porém, foi observado uma redução da vida em fadiga do material soldado comparado com o material sem solda. Os resultados indicam, que o tratamento térmico de envelhecimento elevou as propriedades mecânicas do aço maraging tanto do material soldado como do nitretetado a plasma, com valores de resistência de aproximadamente 2.000 MPa e alongamento em torno de 8%. / Maraging Steels are ultra-high-strength, that have their composition based on iron alloyed with approximately 18% Nickel, with yield strength between 1.400 to 2.400 MPa. They have superior properties, such as high ductility, good weldability, simple heat treatment without deformation, good machinability, high strength and wear resistance. Their hardness and resistance allow them to supports repeated stress of longer fatigue in comparison with other high strength steels. The maraging steel has a significant cost advantage due to the good workability, predictable and uniform retraction during heat treatment, making this steel be promising. For this work, from various laser welding tests, heat treatment and surface treatment of plasma nitriding, The mechanical properties were studied by means of testing: traction; fatigue; impact; hardness; and roughness. We also analyze, with the aid of optical microscope, the microstructural characteristics of the fusion zone (FZ), the heat affected zone (HAZ) due the welding and by nitrided layer. With the aid of SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) and EDS (Energy Dispersive Scanning), we analyzed the fractured mechanisms. Several tests were carried out with times and temperatures to determine the best aging condition and the chosen temperature was 480°C for 3 hours. The application of laser welding seems to be effective for joining the plates with loss in the yield strength or tensile strength less than 10%, compared with the strength of maraging steel without welding. The analyses of the fractured surface showed that the rupture of the welded samples occurred in the fused zone region and has ductile nature, with formation of dimples for all heat treatment conditions. The welding and plasma nitriding process have not modified the type of typical fracture of the maraging steel. The life in fatigue was not affected by nitrided, however, they observed a reduction in fatigue life of welded material, compared with no soldering material. The results showed that aging heat treatments increased the mechanical properties of maraging steel both welded and plasma nitrided material, whit strength values about 2.000 MPa and elongation nearly 8%.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T17:19:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andre Luiz Leite.pdf: 5779192 bytes, checksum: 04530876418d79bd340d3b48aad64e35 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The purpose of this study is to find out ways of coatings a SAE 10B30 steel with a TiO2 film, so it may have adhesion and may be known its wear resistance. In this study were investigated three kinds of coatings of TiO2, TiO2 with one on untreated steel, duplex and two treatments: TiO2 provided with nitriding in an atmosphere of 10% nitrogen, and TiO2 prior to nitriding in an atmosphere of 80% nitrogen, and the balance hydrogen gas, and were fixed temperature, pressure, and time of nitriding. The TiO2 film was deposited by triode magnetron reactive sputtering and the nitriding were made by plasma. The samples were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), microhardness and roughness. Adherence was evaluated by the Rockwell C indentation method described in the VDI 3824 guidelines, and the images of evaluating were obtained by optical microscopy. The wear and the friction coefficient were evaluated through tests in a tribometer type pin on disc and wear surfaces evaluated trough images obtained by SEM. Of all configurations evaluated, the TiO2 duplex coating with sub layer nitrided in an atmosphere of 10% nitrogen resulted in better adhesion, and worse adhesion was observed in the sample with TiO2 deposited on steel without prior nitriding, although this is satisfactory. It was observed that the wear resistance was higher for samples with nitriding in an atmosphere of 10% nitrogen and wear performance was worst in the sample without treatment. The results showed that the TiO2 film has no good wear resistance for none of theconditions tested, but for applications where many cycles or large distances sliding is not required, duplex TiO2 treatment with pretreatment nitrided in an atmosphere of 10 % nitrogen is the most effective, by ensuring better adherence and wear resistance over short distances, compared with the other conditions. / O objetivo deste trabalho é determinar condições para depositar um filme de TiO2 sobre um aço SAE 10B30, de modo que este tenha boa adesão e seja conhecida sua resistência ao desgaste. Neste trabalho foram investigados três tipos de recobrimentos de TiO2, uma com TiO2 sobre aço sem tratamento, e dois tratamentos dúplex: TiO2 com previa nitretação em atmosfera com 10% de nitrogênio e 90% de hidrogênio, e TiO2 com prévia nitretação em atmosfera com 80% de nitrogênio e 90% de hidrogênio, e foram fixadas a temperatura, pressão, e o tempo de nitretação. O filme de TiO2 foi depositado por tríodo magnetron sputtering reativo e as nitretações foram feitas a plasma. As amostras foram caracterizadas através de microscopia ótica, microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), microdureza e rugosidade. A adesão foi avaliada pelo método da identação Rockwell C descrito nas diretrizes da VDI 3824, e as imagens para avaliação foram obtidas através de microscopia ótica. O desgaste e coeficiente de atrito foram avaliados através de ensaios em um tribômetro do tipo pino sobre disco, e as superfícies de desgaste avaliadas através de imagens obtidas por MEV. De todas as configurações avaliadas, o recobrimento dúplex de TiO2 com subcamada nitretada em atmosfera com 10% de nitrogênio resultou na melhor adesão, e a pior adesão foi observada na amostra com TiO2 depositado sobre o aço sem prévia nitretação, embora esta ainda seja satisfatória. Foi observado que a resistência ao desgaste é maior para as amostras com nitretação em atmosfera com 10 % de nitrogênio, e o pior desempenho em desgaste foi da amostra sem tratamento. Os resultados mostram que em nenhuma das condições testadas o filme de TiO2 possui uma boa resistência ao desgaste, mas que para aplicações onde não se exigem muitos ciclos ou grandes distâncias de deslizamento, o tratamento dúplex de TiO2 com pré-tratamento nitretado em atmosfera com 10% de nitrogênio é o mais eficiente, por garantir a melhores adesão e resistência ao desgaste em pequenas distâncias, se comparado com as outras condições.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T17:19:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 0- Capa.pdf: 52849 bytes, checksum: 052f0059aa665dd6426fbaf7c75b0a07 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-12-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The objective of this dissertation is to study the friction focusing in the forces and energies needed to initiate the movement and keep it. The surfaces textures role is analyzed in roughness, r.m.s slope and fractal dimension of the surfaces profiles. This study showed that the surface profile r.m.s. slope is the main parameter to obtain the fraction coefficient figures. This study showed that it is essential to qualify the contact before to proceed with the quantitative calculation. The best parameter found to qualify the contact behavior is the Mikic plasticity index, which is compounded by the r.m.s. slope, the reduced elasticity modulus and the Vickers hardness of the materials in contact. It were prepared Ti6Al4V samples with three textures: sand blasting, shoot pinning and polished in order to verify the role of the textures regarding friction. A half of the samples were treated via plasma carbonitriding where surfaces free of micro cracks and with a relevant gain on the surface hardness were obtained. All the textures combinations were tested regarding their friction coefficients before and after the treatment. The treated samples shown similar or lightly high friction coefficients than the non treated samples, however after the friction test it was noticed that the treated samples presented less wear than the non treated samples. / O objetivo desta dissertação é estudar o atrito com foco nas forças e energias necessárias para iniciar o movimento e mantê-lo. A influência das texturas das superfícies em contato no coeficiente de atrito é analisada em rugosidade, inclinação média e dimensão fractal dos perfis das superfícies. O estudo mostrou que a inclinação média dos perfis das superfícies é o principal parâmetro relacionado ao coeficiente de atrito. O estudo mostra que é essencial qualificar o contato antes de proceder aos cálculos do coeficiente de atrito. O parâmetro que se mostrou eficiente para qualificar o regime de deformação do contato é o índice de plasticidade de Mikic, o qual é formado pela inclinação média e duas propriedades dos materiais: módulo de elasticidade reduzido e as durezas Vickers. Foram preparadas amostras de Ti6Al4V com texturas polidas, jateadas e jateadas com esferas de aço (shoot pinning) para verificar a influência da geometria das superfícies em contato no coeficiente de atrito. Metade das amostras foram carbonitretadas por plasma onde se obteve superfícies sem trincas e com ganho significativo na dureza de superfície. Todas as combinações de textura foram testadas em relação ao coeficiente de atrito antes e depois do tratamento. As amostras tratadas apresentaram coeficiente de atrito similar ou ligeiramente maior que as não tratadas, porém após os testes observou-se que as amostras tratadas apresentaram menor desgaste.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T17:19:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Resumo - Arcesio.pdf: 51440 bytes, checksum: 8ef4fe0ed322b239b5daaf2be79baeb7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Samples of AISI 304 stainless steel were surface treated with plasma of continuous current, at different times and cycles. The treatment conditions of the first set of samples treated for 20 hours were 400°C, an atmosphere of 44% Ar + 66% H2 for ion bombarding cycles and 75% N2 + 25% H2 for nitriding cycles and pressure 2,0 Torr. For treatments performed for 90 minutes, the following conditions were used: temperature 400°C, 25% Ar + 75% H2 ion bombarding cycles, 25% N2 + 75% H2 for non ion bombarding (nitriding) cycles and pressure of 3.0 Torr. The samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy and x-ray diffraction. In the samples treated for 20 hours hardness was measured using a microhardness tester, for samples treated for 90 minutes, nanoindentation test was used to measure hardness and modulus of elasticity. The diffraction results showed that there precipitation of chromium nitrides and iron in all treated samples and the increase in the number of cycles of ion bombarding facilitates the decomposition of austenite expanded nitrides of chromium and iron. The alternating cycles of ion bombarding and nitriding creates interfaces in the interior of nitrided layer. The samples treated without ion bombarding cycles have higher hardness values than the samples with ion bombarding cycles. / Amostras de aço inoxidável AISI 304 foram tratadas superficialmente utilizando plasma de corrente contínua em diferentes tempos e ciclos. As condições a que foi submetido o primeiro conjunto de amostras, tratadas durante 20 horas, foram: temperatura de 400°C, atmosfera de 44% Ar + 66% H2 para os ciclos bombardeamento iônico e 75% N2 + 25% H2 para os ciclos de bombardeamento iônico nitretante (nitretação) e pressão de 2,0 torr. Para os tratamentos realizados durante 90 minutos, utilizou-se as seguintes condições: temperatura de 400°C, 25% Ar + 75% H2 para os ciclos bombardeamento iônico, 25% N2 + 75% H2 para os ciclos de nitretação e pressão de 3,0 Torr. As amostras foram caracterizadas utilizando microscopia eletrônica de varredura, microscopia ótica e difração de raio-x. Nas amostras tratadas por 20 horas, a dureza foi medida utilizando um microdurômetro e para as amostras tratadas por 90 minutos, utilizou-se nanoindentação instrumentada para medida da dureza e do módulo de elasticidade. Os resultados de difração mostraram que houve a precipitação de nitretos de cromo e ferro em todas as amostras tratadas e que o aumento no número de ciclos de bombardeamento iônico favorece a decomposição da austenita expandida em nitretos de cromo e ferro. A alternância entre ciclos de bombardeamento iônico e nitretação cria interfaces no interior da camada nitretada. As amostras tratadas sem ciclos de bombardeamento iônico possuem valores de dureza mais elevados que as amostras com ciclos de bombardeamento iônico.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T17:19:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1 Capa Elisangela.pdf: 88134 bytes, checksum: 928630a2b7c7c224aabda5bd1bfe3ecc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In this work, termochemical nitriding treatments (plasma nitriding, gas nitriding and solid nitriding) were performed in tool steels (AISI H13, AISI P20 and N-8550), with the objective to compare and evaluate the tribological performance and the acquired properties on these three processes and prove the solid nitriding efficiency. Wear tests were conducted in a convencional pin-on-disk apparatus, we obtained the friction coefficient and the amount of wear, with the use of a profiling equipment. The samples were transversally cut after the wear test, and then analysed through microhardness and scanning electron microscopy to verify the formation of nitriding typical layers (white layer and diffusion layer). X- Ray Difratometry proved the presence of the fases Fe4N - _´ and Fe2,3N _. The results showed that solid nitriding presented good performance, promoting the formation of a nitriding layer with compatible microhardness when compared with the other processes and the best results of wear. The higher disadvantage faced was the irregularity in the thickness of the formed layer. / Neste trabalho, tratamentos termoquímicos de nitretação (nitretação a plasma, nitretação gasosa e nitretação sólida) foram aplicados em aços ferramenta (AISI H13, AISI P20 e N-8550), com o objetivo de comparar e avaliar o desempenho tribológico e as propriedades adquiridas nos três processos e comprovar a eficiência da nitretação sólida. Testes de desgaste foram conduzidos em equipamento convencional de pino sobre disco, foram levantados o coeficiente de atrito e o volume de desgaste, esta avaliada com o auxílio de um perfilômetro. As amostras foram cortadas tranversalmente após o teste de desgaste, sendo posteriormente analisadas através de microdureza e microscopia eletrônica de varredura, para verificar a formação das camadas típicas de nitretação (camada branca e de difusão). Difratometrias de Raios X comprovaram a presença das fases Fe4N - _´ e Fe2,3N - _. Os resultados mostraram que a nitretação sólida apresentou boa performance, proporcionando a formação de uma camada nitretada com microdureza compatível à obtida nos outros processos e os melhores resultados de desgaste. A maior desvantagem encontrada foi a irregularidade da espessura da camada formada.

O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo do efeito do hidrogênio, a influência da temperatura e do tempo no processo de pós-oxidação por plasma pulsado na liga ferrosa AISI 1045 previamente nitretada a plasma. O estudo das fases cristalinas presentes no sistema foi realizado pela técnica de difração de raios X (DRX). O método de refinamento por Rietveld foi utilizado para quantificar o conteúdo de fases presentes. A estrutura eletrônica da superfície oxidada foi estudada por espectroscopia de fotoelétron induzidos por raios X (XPS). A morfologia e espessura da camada do óxido foram avaliadas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e microscopia de força atômica (AFM). As propriedades mecânicas foram estudadas mediante ensaios de nanoindentação. Ensaios de névoa salina foram executados com o intuito de estudar a resistência à corrosão acelerada do sistema tratado. O hidrogênio controla a formação das fases oxidadas (hematita (α-Fe2O3) e magnetita (Fe3O4)). Uma concentração de 25% de H2 na mistura gasosa oxidante proporciona uma camada de óxido livre de hematita. Por um lado, a espessura do óxido segue um comportamento exponencial tipo Arrhenius em função da temperatura de tratamento típico de um processo termicamente induzido, com uma energia de ativação de 68±5 kJ/mol. Por outro lado, a espessura de óxido segue um comportamento tipo-parabólico com o tempo de tratamento típico de um processo de reação-difusão. Baixas temperaturas e curtos tempos de processo proporcionam camadas de óxidos mais homogêneas, compactas e com maior dureza. Os ensaios de corrosão mostraram que superfícies sem estruturas globulares, mais compactas e com poros fechados possuem uma maior resistência à corrosão, porém ainda não atende a especificação mínima para possível substituição do cromo duro em ligas ferrosas. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-06-03T20:03:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Ane Cheila Rovani.pdf: 4107903 bytes, checksum: b0c996d1f4f11b450359612f22128b77 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-03T20:03:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Ane Cheila Rovani.pdf: 4107903 bytes, checksum: b0c996d1f4f11b450359612f22128b77 (MD5) / This work shows the hydrogen effect and the influence of processing temperature and time in the post-oxidation treatment by pulsed plasma on nitrided AISI 1045 ferrous alloy. The crystalline structure was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The Rietveld refinement method was used in order to quantify the present phases in the system. The electronic structure of the oxide layer was studied by X-ray photoemission electron spectroscopy (XPS). The morphology and oxide layer thickness were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The mechanical properties were studied by nanoindentation tests. In an effort to know the corrosion resistance of our systems, salt spray tests were executed. Hydrogen controls the formation of oxide phases (hematite (α-Fe2O3) and magnetite (Fe3O4)). A 25 % H2 concentration in the oxidation gas mixture leads to obtain a hematite-free oxide layer. On one hand, the oxide layer thickness follows an exponential Arrhenius-like behavior with processing temperature which is characteristic of a thermally induced-process with activation energy of 68±5kJ/mol. On the other hand, the oxide layer thickness follows a parabolic-like behavior with processing time which is characteristic of the reaction-diffusion process. Lower temperatures and shorter times of processing render more homogenous and compacts oxide layers with higher hardness. Although, corrosion tests show that surfaces without globular structures, more compacts and with closed-pores have higher corrosion resistances, our system does not attend the minimal specification in order to substitute hard chromium in ferrous alloys.