Quality control and quality assurance of pavements is today primarily based on core samples. Air void content and pavement thickness are parameters that are evaluated. However, no parameter connected to the stiffness is evaluated. There is a need for fast and reliable test methods that are truly non-destructive in order to achieve an effective quality control and quality assurance of pavements. This licentiate thesis presents surface wave testing using air-coupled microphones as receivers. The measurements presented in this work are performed in order to move towards non-contact measurements of material stiffness. The non-contact measurements are compared to conventional accelerometer measurements in order to compare the noncontact measurements to a “reference test”. The two appended papers are focused on evaluating one parameter in each paper. In the first paper all equipment needed to perform non-contact measurements are mounted on a trolley in order to enable measurements while rolling the trolley forward. It is shown that rolling measurements can provide rapid and reliable measurements of the Rayleigh wave velocity over large areas. However, the measurements are shown to be sensitive to misalignments between the microphone array and the measured surface. An uneven surface can thus cause major errors in the calculated results. The second paper presents an alternative method to evaluate the thickness resonance frequency of a concrete plate. It is demonstrated how the established Impact Echo method can give erroneous results when aircoupled microphones are used as receivers. Instead a method based on backward wave propagation is introduced. It is demonstrated how waves with negative phase velocities can be identified in a narrow frequency span close to the thickness resonance. / <p>QC 20141128</p>

currently operational non-destructive testing methods for pavements have many drawbacks that need improvement. This thesis investigates the possibility of utilizing the normal incidence reflection coefficient of acoustic waves in characterizing and studying of porous granular materials. The reflection coefficient of acoustic waves carries information about the physical parameters of materials. The fouling process in ballast layer and the compaction progress in sand and road base layers are the main focus of this study. Simplified fluid equivalent models are used to characterize and study the granular porous layers. The Delany- Bazley and Johnson- Allard models which require few non-acoustical material parameters are used in this analysis. A one dimensional problem which involves a porous layer backed by an infinite impedance surface has been solved in Matlab. The results from the two models have been compared and parametric studies of non-acoustical parameters have been also done. The study concludes the possibility of a new non-contact non –destructive testing method for unbound granular layers which utilize the reflection coefficient of acoustic waves.

Le projet ASTRID, réacteur nucléaire français de 4ème génération refroidi au sodium, est en cours de développement par le CEA. Dans ce projet, le développement de techniques de surveillance est identifié comme un problème majeur pour augmenter la sécurité du réacteur. L'utilisation de techniques de mesure par ultrasons est considérée comme un puissant outil d'inspection en raison de l'opacité du sodium liquide.A l'intérieur d'un circuit de refroidissement, l'hétérogénéité du milieu se produit du fait de l'état d'écoulement complexe, et les effets de cette hétérogénéité sur la propagation des ondes acoustiques ne sont pas négligeables. Ainsi, il est nécessaire d'effectuer des expériences de vérification, sachant que de telles expériences peuvent être des expériences à grande échelle. C'est pourquoi les méthodes de simulation numérique sont essentielles. L'objectif de l'étude de ma thèse est à appliquer la technique numérique des éléments spectraux, qui peut modéliser nos objets d'étude de manière plus précise que les méthodes de simulation plus classiques. Nous étudierons d'abord le potentiel de développement de la thermométrie ultrasonique similaire à celui d'un réacteur rapide refroidi au sodium avec simulation 2D. Un processus aléatoire Gaussien aura appliqué pour générer une fluctuation de la température.Afin d'étudier l'hétérogénéité en 3D et des champs de température plus réalistes dans le milieu, nous effectuerons une seconde étude numérique. Pour représenter l'hétérogénéité du sodium liquide, nous appliquerons un champ de température 4D (3D spatiale et 1D temporelle) calculé par modélisation numérique en dynamique des fluides avec LES réalisée par CEA STMF. / The ASTRID project, a french sodium-cooled nuclear reactor of 4th generation, is currently under development by the french alternative energies and atomic energy center (CEA). In this project, development of monitoring techniques is identified as an important issue to improve the plant safety. The use of ultrasonic measurement techniques is regarded as a powerful inspection tool due to the opacity of liquid sodium. Inside a cooling circuit, heterogeneity of the medium occurs because of a complex flow state, and then the effects of this heterogeneity on acoustic wave propagation are not negligible. Thus, it is necessary to carry out verification experiments, and such kind of experiments using liquid sodium may be large-scale. This is a reason why numerical simulation methods are essential. The objective of the study in the thesis is to apply a 3D spectral-element method, that we will show to be suitable to our targets more accurately than more classical numerical simulation methods.We will first study the development potential of ultrasonic thermometry in a liquid fluctuating sodium environment similar to that present in a sodium-cooled fast reactor with 2D simulation. Gaussian random process will be applied to generate fluctuations of temperature. To investigate 3D heterogeneity and more realistic temperature fields in the medium, in a second part of the thesis we will carry out a numerical study for 3D models of the reactor core. To represent the heterogeneity of liquid sodium, a four-dimensional temperature field (three spatial and one temporal dimension) calculated by computational fluid dynamics based on a large-eddy simulation performed by CEA STMF will be applied.

This diploma thesis focuses on diagnostics of bridge structures. First part of this diploma thesis will focus on theoretical knowledge about bridge structures and common diagnostic techniques suited for examining material priperties of samples taken from structure. Second part of this thesis will focus on practical use of experiments used in diagnostic branch. I will be doing visual observation of concrete structure followed by experiments on core samples. End of thesis will be evaluating structure from global perspective and will deliver specific sugestions for renovation.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第18261号 / 工博第3853号 / 新制||工||1591(附属図書館) / 31119 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科建築学専攻 / (主査)教授 林 康裕, 教授 吹田 啓一郎, 教授 神吉 紀世子 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第20025号 / 情博第620号 / 新制||情||108(附属図書館) / 33121 / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科社会情報学専攻 / (主査)教授 守屋 和幸, 教授 松田 哲也, 教授 廣岡 博之 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DGAM

As the use of engineered wood products as such as cross-laminated timber (CLT) evolves in United States, it’s imperative to understand its behavior under different circumstances as well as to explore new possible streams for product’s application. In that matter, it was proposed that a research study would be developed to evaluate the performance of CLT panels focusing on strength and stiffness properties. To accomplish this goal, three main objectives were traced: 1) To complete preliminary test on traditional lumber in order to observe notched wood failure behavior focusing on strength, ductility, and failure mode; 2) To perform mechanical testing and non-destructive evaluation on 3-ply CLT control panels in order to compare design calculation methods and efficiency of NDE on CLT; and 3) To perform mechanical testing on notched 3-ply CLT samples to evaluate the influence of notches and stitching reinforcement on panels. Based on these objectives, this dissertation features five main sections: 1) General Introduction, 2) Technical note: Ductility and brittleness in small clear notched S-P-F beams, 3) Evaluation of the modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture of cross-laminated timber with longitudinal vibration NDE techniques, 4) Case study of 3-ply commercial southern pine CLT mechanical properties and design values, and 5) Effect of notching on 3-ply southern pine cross-laminated timber panels stiffness and strength.

This study aimed to investigate, analyze, and illuminate the perception and experiences of elite male handball players on toxic leadership in sports. The sport handball was chosen as a study object with a phenomenological approach. 9 individual interviews were conducted with 9 different elite male handball players who play in 9 different clubs in Handbollsligan, the top male division in Sweden. The chosen leadership theory was the toxic triangle theory, which entails that there need to be three different dimensions to toxic leadership: the destructive leader, the susceptible followers, and the conducive environment.  The results show that players have experienced toxic leadership. Three different aspects of toxic leadership were found and analyzed in this study. Firstly, destructive leaders exhibit abusive behavior, striving for personal power and manipulating other people within the organization. Secondly, players/followers who obey and conform to the leaders’ actions, experience negative emotions like anxiety, worry, and loss of self-esteem. Thirdly, the conducive environment that enables the leader’s destructive behavior has been discovered to be isolated, had a lack of communication, and was under the total rule of the destructive leader. In summary, this foretells the experiences of elite male handball players with toxic leadership.

Bakgrund: Psykisk ohälsa och självskadebeteenden ökar i samhället och är ett oroväckande folkhälsoproblem. Självskadebeteende utgörs av allt från ett icke-suicidalt självskadebeteende till avsiktliga självskador som kan resultera i suicid. Självskadebeteenden kan vara en följd av psykiskt och känslomässigt lidande. Akutsjuksköterskan har en central och betydelsefull roll i mötet, när patienter med självskadebeteenden söker vård på somatisk akutmottagning. Syftetvar att beskriva faktorer som påverkar akutsjuksköterskors möte av patienter med självskadebeteenden på somatisk akutmottagning. Metod: Studien utgörs av en litteraturstudiemed systematisk metod. Föreliggande studie resulterade i 17 vetenskapliga artiklar och bearbetades utifrån en integrerad analys. Resultat: I resultatet framkom två huvudkategoriersom beskrev positiva och negativa faktorer som påverkade mötet av patienter med självskadebeteenden. De underkategorier som visades ha den främsta påverkan i akutsjuksköterskans möte med patienter med ett självskadebeteende var utbildning, erfarenhet och personcentrad vård. Akutsjuksköterskor som hade erfarenhet, kunskap och utbildninghade en större acceptans och helhetsperspektiv i mötet, vilket minskade negativa attityder till patienter med självskadebeteenden. Slutsats: En förutsättning för att se patienten bakom ett självskadebeteende på en somatisk akutmottagning och utifrån det kunna arbeta personcentrerat var att specialistsjuksköterskor inom akutsjukvård får utbildning kring självskadebeteenden. Specialistsjuksköterskan bör ha ett helhetsperspektiv i bemötandet och omvårdnaden av patienten för att främja hälsa och minska lidande hos denna sårbara patientgrupp. / Background: Mental illness and self-harm are increasing in society and are a worrying public health problem. Self-harm ranges from non-suicidal self-harm to intentional self-harm that can result in suicide. Self-harm can be a consequence of psychological and emotional suffering. The emergency nurse has a central and important role in the meeting when patients with self-harm seek treatment in a somatic emergency department. The aim was to describe factors that affect the meeting of patients with self-harm in somatic emergency departments.Method: The study consists of a literature study with a systematic method. The present study resulted in 17 scientific articles and was processed based on an integrated analysis. Results: The results revealed two main categories that described positive and negative factors that influenced the meeting of patients with self-harm behaviors. The subcategories that were shown to have the main impact in the emergency nurse's encounter with patients with selfharm were education, experience, and person-centered care. Emergency nurses who had experience, knowledge and training had a greater acceptance and holistic perspective in the meeting, which reduced negative attitudes towards patients with self-harm behaviors. Conclusion: A prerequisite for seeing the patient behind self-harm in a somatic emergency department and from that being able to work person-centered was that specialist nurses in emergency care receive training on self-harm behaviors. The specialist nurse should have a holistic approach to the treatment and care of the patient in order to promote health and reduce the suffering of this vulnerable patient group.

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