Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-05-08T17:28:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 IZABELA VANESSA DE ALMEIDA MELO - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGCC 2015..pdf: 3198472 bytes, checksum: 824f30587ab3b750011a08d2e5d6019a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-08T17:28:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IZABELA VANESSA DE ALMEIDA MELO - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGCC 2015..pdf: 3198472 bytes, checksum: 824f30587ab3b750011a08d2e5d6019a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-10 / Desde os anos 90 a comunidade científica desempenha esforços para estudar e evoluir aspectos relacionados à Arquitetura de Software, aumentando seu volume de publicação a partir de 1999. O aumento significativo das publicações nos últimos anos demonstra a importância e preocupação que a academia tem com relação a essa área. Porém, a partir da troca de experiência entre pesquisadores e profissionais da área, percebe-se que a indústria não parece conhecer/utilizar o que é proposto pela academia. O contexto teórico sobre arquitetura de software, documentação arquitetural e verificação de conformidade arquitetural já é conhecido no meio acadêmico. Porém, qual é o contexto deles dentro da indústria? Como os profissionais definem o termo "arquitetura desoftware"? Como os profissionais realizam (se realizam) a documentação arquitetural? Como realizam (se realizam) a verificação de conformidade arquitetural? O que eles pensam sobre ferramentas de apoio à verificação de conformidade arquitetural? Para responder essas questões, realizamos um estudo qualitativo dividido em 3 etapas. Primeiro, aplicamos um survey exploratório com o objetivo de entender o ambiente prático para ter uma noção sobre o contexto em foco. Enviamos o questionário para 149 profissionais e 4 grupos de discussão, obtendo uma taxa de resposta de 24,1%. Na segunda etapa entrevistamos 14 profissionais voluntários que responderam o survey exploratório (taxa de resposta de 40%). O objetivo desta etapa foi nos aprofundarmos no contexto em foco. Por fim, nossa última etapa consistiu de um survey confirmatório. Enviamos o questionário para os usuários do GitHub que possuem endereços de e-mail visíveis e tem mais de 100 seguidores (obtivemos uma taxa de resposta de 7,74%). Como resultados principais, observamos que não há uma única definição para o termo "arquitetura de software", dependendo de fatores desde a experiência do profissional até a empresa em que trabalham. Além disso, existem documentações arquiteturais, mas, a sua maioria não é rigorosa, formal e não é atualizada. Nem todos realizam verificação de conformidade arquitetural, e, quando realizam, normalmente é feita de forma manual. Os principais motivos para a não documentação e/ou verificação são falta de tempo ou falta de necessidade. Porfim, as ferramentas de apoio à verificação de conformidade arquitetural não são muito utilizadas e/ou conhecidas. / Since the 90’s a big effort has been applied in the academy to study and evolve aspects related to Software Architecture, increasing the amount of publications from 1999 to the present-day. The significant rise in the number of publications in the last few years shows how much importance and concern academia gives to this particular area. However, after discussing what has been experienced by researchers and professionals of this area, it is possible to notice that the industry does not know/use what is proposed in the academy. The theoretical context about software architecture, architectural documentation and architectural conformance checking is already known. However, what about the practical/industrial context? How do the professionals define “software architecture”? How do they document (if they do) the architecture? How do they perform (if they do) architectural conformance checking? What do they think about support tools for architectural conformance checking? Aiming to answer these questions, we performed a 3-step qualitative study. Firstly, we applied an exploratory survey with the goal of understanding the practical environment and having a better notion about the context of our study. We sent the survey to 149 professionals and 4 discussion groups, getting 24.1% of response rate. In the second phase we interviewed 14 volunteered professionals who responded the exploratory survey (response rate of 40%). In this phase we wanted to deeply understand the context of your study. Finally, the last phase consisted of a confirmatory survey which goal was to confirm our findings. We sent the survey to GitHub users with public e-mails and more than 100 followers, getting 7.74% of response rate. As main results we observed that there is not a single definition of“software architecture” and that it depends on several factors, as the professional’s experience and the company in which he/she works. The architecture is sometimes documented but, most of the time, the documentation is incomplete, informal and outdated. In many cases, architectural conformance checking is not performed or it is performed manually. The main reasons for not documenting or verifying the architecture are lack of time and/or need. Finally, the support tools for architectural conformance checking are not often used and not well known.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:58:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RodrigoMS_DISSERT.pdf: 4460162 bytes, checksum: 823c9d3e0475b4431fb15b4de861b51b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-30 / In the State of Rio Grande do Norte potteries are distributed in several counties in the four meso, which are: West Potiguar, Center Potiguar, Agreste Potiguar and East Portiguar. The ceramics, mostly, are responsible for products used in construction as bricks, tiles and white brick and wood used as fuel. This paper had a primary focus in the region of Serid?. The furnaces in this region, used to manufacture bricks are configured Caieira and Valt, in most of them using principles rustic, usually operated in an empirical way, using principles of control rather primitive, predominantly visual control. The focus of this study was to analyze the differences in the thermophysical, mechanical and geometric characteristics of bricks produced by Caieira and vault furnaces, using the NBR 15720 and the evaluation of energy efficiency in both furnaces. Thermophysical characteristics were analyzed through tests to determine the water absorption obtained from the difference between dry mass and wet mass of the sample and analysis of the thermal gradient, the mechanical characteristics from determination of the compressive strength of ceramic brick popularly known as bricks and also analyzed the geometrical characteristics of the bricks in order to verify the homogeneity of manufacturing. The tests showed that the energy difference of the two furnaces is not considered responsible for a significant difference in the properties of the products / No estado do Rio Grande do Norte as olarias s?o distribu?das em diversos munic?pios, nas quatro mesorregi?es, que s?o: Oeste Potiguar, Centro Potiguar, Agreste Potiguar e Leste Potiguar. As cer?micas, em sua maioria, s?o respons?veis por produtos utilizados na constru??o civil como tijolos furados, tijolos brancos e telhas e utilizam como combust?vel a lenha. Este trabalho teve um enfoque principal na ind?stria cer?mica na regi?o do Serid?. Os fornos nessa regi?o, utilizados para a fabrica??o de tijolos furados possuem a configura??o caieira e ab?bada, geralmente operados de forma emp?rica, utilizando princ?pios de controle bastante primitivos, sendo predominante o controle visual. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as diferen?as nas caracter?sticas termof?sicas, mec?nicas e geom?tricas dos tijolos produzidos pelos fornos caieira e ab?bada, utilizando a NBR 15720, que trata de blocos de alvenaria e a avalia??o do rendimento energ?tico de ambos os fornos. Foram analisadas as caracter?sticas termof?sicas por meio dos ensaios de determina??o da absor??o de ?gua obtido a partir da diferen?a entre a massa seca e a massa ?mida das amostras e da an?lise do gradiente t?rmico; as caracter?sticas mec?nicas a partir da determina??o da resist?ncia ? compress?o dos blocos cer?micos popularmente conhecidos como tijolos e tamb?m foram analisadas as caracter?sticas geom?tricas dos tijolos com o objetivo de verificar a homogeneidade da fabrica??o. Os ensaios realizados mostraram que a diferen?a energ?tica dos dois tipos de fornos analisados n?o ? respons?vel por uma diferen?a significativa nas propriedades dos produtos produzidos

O presente estudo analisa o regime da conformidade das mercadorias na Convenção das Nações Unidas sobre Contratos de Compra e Venda Internacional de Mercadorias CISG, tema de maior parte dos litígios envolvendo o Comércio Internacional. Assim, após breve histórico da Convenção, ressaltando sua atual importância, aborda-se o conceito de conformidade das mercadorias e as diferentes características que este engloba. Prossegue-se, então, à análise dos diversos e complementares critérios de verificação da conformidade, tanto de ordem subjetiva quanto objetiva, expostos particularmente no art. 35 da Convenção. Detalha-se a maneira como a vontade das partes interage com os requisitos objetivos traçados, bem como o modo de aplicação e as discussões doutrinárias e jurisprudências que incidem sobre cada um deles. Dessa forma, busca-se consolidar a teoria e a prática do Comércio Internacional, para estabelecer as formas adequadas e inadequadas de aplicação do conceito de conformidade da Convenção, bem como seus efeitos sobre as partes contratantes. / The present paper analyses the issue of the conformity of the goods under the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods CISG, one of the most pressing issues in international commerce. After introductory notes on the history of the Convention, having regard to its current importance, the paper seeks to conceptualize the meaning of conformity of the goods and all the characteristics that it engenders. The paper then proceeds to analyze the different and complementing sources of conformity, be of a subjective or objetive nature, particularly exposed under art. 35 of the Convention. It follows the detailing of the way the subjective and objective requisites of conformity interact with one another, and their application by the authorities and the case law. As such, the paper seeks to consolidate the theory and practice of International Commerce on the subject, to establish the adequate and inadequate ways to apply the Convention, and to point out their effects on the contracting parties.

Esta dissertação descreve e analisa como a Caixa Econômica Federal, na busca da melhoria dos sistemas de controles internos para atender as orientações do Comitê da Basiléia, encontra, na adaptação de um modelo da indústria elétrica dos EUA, a inspiração para criar o seu modelo - "atividades de retaguarda". As atividades de retaguarda, exercendo a “função compliance”, ou conformidade, têm a tarefa de executar o trabalho em cada célula ou agência, de forma rotineira e permanente, sendo responsáveis por monitorar, comunicar e assegurar que, de maneira transparente, as diversas unidades da instituição estejam respeitando as regras aplicáveis a cada negócio. Além disso, a elas também compete minimizar a variância entre os resultados esperados dos resultados registrados. Esse modelo segregou as atividades em “alto contato com o cliente” e “baixo contato com o cliente” em suas agências, codificou procedimentos, dividiu responsabilidades e, em conjunto com as outras áreas que formam os pilares da governança corporativa, aumentou o processo de "gestão de controle" e diminuiu o risco operacional. / This dissertation describes and analyzes how the financial Brazilian institution – Caixa Econômica Federal – searching for improvements of internal systems to answer orientations from “Basiléia” Committee, finds in the adaptation of an electrical industrial model from the U.S.A. inspiration to create its model – “Rearguard Activities”. “Rearguard Activities”, exerting Function of Compliance or conformity, have the task to execute the work each cell or agency routinely or permanently, being responsible to check, communicate and ensure in a transparent way several that units of this Institution respecting applicable rules to each business and minimize at variance among expected results from registered results. This model has segregated activities in “High Contact with the Customer” and “Low Contact with the Customer” in its agencies. It has codified procedures, shared responsibilities and in a joint with other areas that make Pillars Governing corporation has increased the process of “Management of Control” and decreased the operational risk.

Esta dissertação descreve e analisa como a Caixa Econômica Federal, na busca da melhoria dos sistemas de controles internos para atender as orientações do Comitê da Basiléia, encontra, na adaptação de um modelo da indústria elétrica dos EUA, a inspiração para criar o seu modelo - "atividades de retaguarda". As atividades de retaguarda, exercendo a “função compliance”, ou conformidade, têm a tarefa de executar o trabalho em cada célula ou agência, de forma rotineira e permanente, sendo responsáveis por monitorar, comunicar e assegurar que, de maneira transparente, as diversas unidades da instituição estejam respeitando as regras aplicáveis a cada negócio. Além disso, a elas também compete minimizar a variância entre os resultados esperados dos resultados registrados. Esse modelo segregou as atividades em “alto contato com o cliente” e “baixo contato com o cliente” em suas agências, codificou procedimentos, dividiu responsabilidades e, em conjunto com as outras áreas que formam os pilares da governança corporativa, aumentou o processo de "gestão de controle" e diminuiu o risco operacional. / This dissertation describes and analyzes how the financial Brazilian institution – Caixa Econômica Federal – searching for improvements of internal systems to answer orientations from “Basiléia” Committee, finds in the adaptation of an electrical industrial model from the U.S.A. inspiration to create its model – “Rearguard Activities”. “Rearguard Activities”, exerting Function of Compliance or conformity, have the task to execute the work each cell or agency routinely or permanently, being responsible to check, communicate and ensure in a transparent way several that units of this Institution respecting applicable rules to each business and minimize at variance among expected results from registered results. This model has segregated activities in “High Contact with the Customer” and “Low Contact with the Customer” in its agencies. It has codified procedures, shared responsibilities and in a joint with other areas that make Pillars Governing corporation has increased the process of “Management of Control” and decreased the operational risk.

Parce qu'elle en constitue le point le plus important, la conformité est la notion la plus fondamentale à étudier lorsqu'il est question du régime juridique des ventes de chevaux de sport. En effet, la perception de ses contours et de son contenu diffère selon les catégories de professionnels impliqués dans de telles opérations. Les juristes interprètent très largement la conformité telle qu'issue de la théorie du droit de la consommation, ou plus exactement du droit à la consommation. Les vétérinaires la voit plutôt comme un frein à l'exercice serein de leur pratique au cours de l'expertise vétérinaire de transaction. Comment se prononcer sur la conformité d'un animal, être vivant avant tout autre chose ? Comment attester que le cheval sera durablement conforme à ce qu'en attend son nouveau propriétaire ? Les vendeurs de chevaux s'inquiètent de plus en plus des conséquences d'un retour aux écuries d'un cheval devenu difficile à vendre et des effets de la résolution de la vente sur la trésorerie de l'élevage. La question essentielle est surtout de savoir ce que recouvre la conformité ? Est-il possible d'en avoir une définition commune à l'ensemble des protagonistes des ventes de chevaux de sport ? L'usage est-il le seul critère déterminant la conformité du cheval ? Enfin et surtout, est-il souhaitable que perdure l'application du droit de la consommation aux transactions d'animaux, et donc de chevaux ? En effet, l'intérêt des professionnels de la vente d'animaux ne réside-t-il pas dans l'exclusion de l'animal du régime des biens de consommation ? / Conformity is the most fundamental element to be studied when it's reffered to the legal regim of horse trade. Indeed, its contour lines and its matter are different by socio-professionnal categorie involved in these kind of operations. Lawyers have a broad interpretation of conformity derived from consumer law, or more exactly the right to consume. Veterinarians see conformity as a break to their own professional practice of purchase exams. How to certify an animal, a living being before anything else ? How certify a sports horse will be complied with its new owner's expectations ? Horse salers are more and more worried about the consequence of a back to the stables of an unsaleable horse and about effects of sale agreement's resolution on the stud-farm cash position. The essential question is what constitutes conformity. Is it possible to have a common definition of conformity between the protagonists of sports horse sales ? Is the use the only determining criterion of conformity in sports horse sales ? Finally and espacially, is it good to continue to apply consumer law to sports horse sales ? Indeed, the interests of veterinarians and breeders is it not to exclude animals from consumer goods ?

This study analyzes the relation between accounting conservatism, future tax rate cuts and countries' level of book-tax conformity. Firms have an incentive to increase conservatism in financial reporting when a tax rate cut is imminent to shift taxable income into the lower taxed future. Using a panel of firms across 18 countries from 1995 to 2010 I find that conditional conservatism is positively and significantly associated with future tax rate cuts when book-tax conformity is high. This effect is particularly pronounced for firms that concentrate the majority of their operations in the country in which the tax rate is cut. In contrast, there is no significant relation between future tax rate cuts and unconditional conservatism. / Series: WU International Taxation Research Paper Series

The Jewish community in Britain has been characterised by its high degree of conformity. This study seeks to extend the parameters of Jewish life by including those hitherto excluded from the historical narrative so that the community can more effectively be viewed as a paradigm for understanding the challenges facing minority communities in their encounter with mainstream society. It sets Jewish involvement within the wider historical, social, economic, political and cultural context, in which it developed, focusing upon political radicalism in Manchester, 1889-1939, and Jewish participation in radical socialism, anarchism, bundism and communism. Nonconformity is here defined in terms of a distancing from both external pressures (e.g. social conformity with the wider community) and internal pressures (e.g. religious beliefs and concerns about communal image). Through the prism of Manchester the chapters will highlight debates surrounding the makeup and impact of pre-First World War involvement; the disproportionate involvement of Jews in radicalism; the nature of Jewish allegiance to communism as an ideological conversion or a convergence of interest and the impact of involvement on Jewish identity, described as ‘Jewish communists’ or ‘communist Jews’.The thesis draws upon new information from the radical Yiddish and English press, revealing the importance of English and foreign influences on pre-war radicalism. Its use of oral testimonies at the Manchester Jewish Museum and elsewhere has revealed in the post-war period, a layering of motivation, commitment and identity. Written chronologically, the periodization of this study enables connections and differences to be drawn. It shows significant discontinuity in involvement and influence between pre and post-First World War radical activity, unlike in London. In Manchester those drawn to communism post-war were almost entirely from an English-born generation. They were more representative of the communist Jew, whose communist identity superseded but did not eradicate their Jewish identity. The thesis shows that conversion to communism was not due to any inherent ethnic characteristics. From 1920-1932 it was a response to the same social and economic factors which influenced non-Jews to communism, but encased in a cultural and historical context. From 1933 that process of conversion continued but was greatly boosted by the desire to fight fascism. The communist led fight against fascism and provision of a popular youth club acted as an attraction to youngsters, who were subsequently influenced in differing degrees or not at all by Marxism. This resulted in different levels of commitment and identification, some of which continued after the war, resulting in the formation of a subculture of Marxist and secular left-wing Jews, who are still seen as nonconformists by the mainstream Jewish community.

This work is strictly theoretical reasoning and comparation of the two important trains of thought, humanistic socialism and liberal competition, which conflict with each other in everyday events of the present world. I am trying in this work to consider arguments, which F.A. Hayek is using to defend his idea about functioning of a liberal order which according to him absolutely spontaneusly creates the best possible environment for an assertion and development of a free individual and these arguments i am trying to follow subsequently with humanistic thinking of Erich Fromm placing the emphasis on his different conception of the individual but also spontaneus freedom and to analyse if it is possible for such individual who is humanly oriented to find full exercise of his inner needs and at the same time to remain useful member just of such society which Hayek submit us. Aim of this work is consideration of every discovered contrast of these two conceptions and thinking about humanistic ideas if they are for the liberal order only past drowned in selfish competitive acting or if they are still actual or if they even have opportunity to fully develop in such order. Benefit of this work I see first of all in the analysis of though not quite sought after but extremely actual problem if free individual is able to spontaneusly create such social order over the time in which his individuality may fully develop or if he dies out in unconconsciously created all embracing conformability.

No description available.