Orientador: Carmino Antonio de Souza / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T12:06:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Beltrame_LuizPaulo_D.pdf: 1273755 bytes, checksum: a809e73238738768c971673f3daef900 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: As elevadas taxas de mortalidade após transplante alogênico de medula óssea (TMO) com regime de condicionamento pré-transplante mieloablativo, levou-nos a iniciar a realização destes procedimentos utilizando-se regime de condicionamento pré-transplante não-mieloablativo, para pacientes considerados de maior risco. Esta modadlidade de tratamento passou a ser oferecida para pacientes com neoplasias hematológicas que devido à idade mais avançada, e/ou presença de comorbidades, eram inelegíveis para serem submetidos a um TMO convencional, e também para aqueles que estavam sendo submetidos a um segundo TMO. Entre julho de 2001 e outubro de 2005, 26 pacientes (leucemia mielóide aguda, n=1; leucemia mielóide crônica, n=1; Linfoma de Hodgkin, n=4; Linfoma não-Hodgkin agressivo, n=6; mieloma múltiplo, n=14) receberam TMO de um doador relacionado HLA-idêntico com células progenitoras periféricas (CPP), após um condicionamento pré-TMO não-mieloablativo. O regime de condicionamento consistia de fludarabina, 30 mg/m2/dia por 3 dias, e 2 Gy de irradiação corporal total. A profilaxia da doença do enxerto-contra-hospedeiro foi feita com ciclosporina-A por 56 dias, e micofenolato mofetil por 28 dias. Dos 26 pacientes, 23 (88%) encontravam-se em progressão de doença, e 24 (92%) estavam sendo submetidos ao segundo TMO. O seguimento mediano global foi de 436 dias (3-1397 dias), e o seguimento mediano dos pacientes vivos ao término deste estudo foi de 640 dias (135-1397 dias). São apresentados também, sem qualquer finalidade comparativa, os resultados de 47 pacientes que no mesmo período e na mesma unidade, foram submetidos ao TMO com CPP após um regime de condicionamento mieloablativo. Nos pacientes que receberam TMO com regime de condicionamento não-mieloablativo, a toxicidade não-hematológica foi branda e a recuperação rápida. Infecção bacteriana foi observada em 11 pacientes (44%). O tempo mediano com contagem de neutrófilos menor que 500 células por ml de sangue foi de 6 dias, e apenas 3 pacientes (12%) atingiram contagem plaquetária abaixo de 20.000. Quimerismo hematopoiético completo foi atingido em 25 pacientes (95%), e infusão de linfócitos do doador foi necessária em 6 indivíduos, sendo em 3 devido ao estado de quimerismo misto, e em 3 devido à progressão de doença. A doença do enxerto-contra-hospedeiro (DECH) aguda graus II ou maior ocorreu em 9 pacientes (37%) e a DECH crônica extensa ocorreu em 15 (60%). Houve 12 óbitos (46%), 7 relacionados a complicações do procedimento e 5 devido a progressão de doença. A sobrevida global, sobrevida livre de progressão e tempo para progressão nestes pacientes foram respectivamente 39% (95% IC, 15-63%), 33% (95% IC, 11-55%) e 64% (95% IC, 32-96%), considerando-se um tempo de seguimento mediano de 436 dias, com variação de 3 a 1397. O TMO com regime de condicionamento pré-transplante não-mieloablativo mostrou-se factível e seguro, com redução da toxicidade e mortalidade relacionadas ao procedimento, mesmo para pacientes com neoplasias hematológicas de alto risco / Abstract: Background and Objectives. High mortality rate after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with myeloablative conditioning prompted us to offer HSCT with non-myeloablative conditioning (NST). Design and Methods. Between July, 2001 and October, 2005, 26 patients [acute myeloid leukemia, n=1; chronic myeloid leukemia, n=1; Hodgkin¿s lymphoma, n=4; aggressive non-Hodgkin¿s lymphoma n=6; multiple myeloma (MM), n=14], received peripheral NST from HLA-identical siblings. Conditioning regimen consisted of fludarabine plus 2 Gy of TBI, and GVHD prophylaxis with cyclosporine-A plus micofenolate mofetil. Eighty-eight percent were in progression of disease (PD) and 92% were undergoing their second HSCT. Results. Non-hematologic toxicities were mild and transient. Bacterial infection occurred in 44%. Median time to granulocyte recovery was six days and only 12% achieved platelets count lower than 20 x 109/L. Full donor chimerism was established in 95%. Donor lymphocyte infusion was required in 6 patients, 3 because of mixed chimerism and 3 because of PD. A-GVHD grade II or higher was observed in 37%, and extensive c-GVHD in 60%. There were 12 deaths (46%), 7 transplant related mortality and 5 related to PD. OS, PFS and time to progression (TTP) were respectively 39% (95% CI, 15-63%), 33% (95% CI, 11-55%) and 64% (95% CI, 32-96%) for the whole group. MM patients had OS, PFS and TTP of 27% (CI 95%, 0-67%), 42% (95% CI, 8-76%) and 86% (95% CI, 60-100%), respectively. Interpretation and Conclusion. This approach showed feasible and safe with reduction in transplant related toxicities, even for these high risk hematopoietic malignancies / Doutorado / Clinica Medica / Doutor em Clínica Médica

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T23:03:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo8776_1.pdf: 656075 bytes, checksum: f415dfef4c4606b9db2dc7acb96ae7ee (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002 / Este trabalho objetiva avaliar se a atividade proliferativa celular determinada pelo anticorpo MIB 1 mostra diferença significativa entre os vários subtipos do Linfoma de Hodgkin e se poderia, desta forma, ser utilizado no auxílio da caracterização e subclassificação desta entidade nosológica. O material para este estudo foi obtido a partir da seleção de 53 casos do arquivo do Departamento de Patologia do Hospital do Câncer de Pernambuco que tiveram o diagnóstico histológico de Linfoma de Hodgkin. Os casos abrangem pacientes de ambos os sexos, sem restrições de faixa etária, resultantes de biópsias de linfonodos. Foi realizada a revisão histológica e a reação imunohistoquímica utilizando-se o anticorpo anti-Ki67, o qual é expresso por células proliferantes durante todas as fases do ciclo celular, exceto a fase G-0 (repouso) e é considerado o padrão ouro em proliferação celular. O resultado deste estudo mostrou que nenhum padrão característico de expressão do MIB 1(anti-Ki 67) foi observado em qualquer um dos subtipos histológicos do Linfoma de Hodgkin, fazendo com que a realização do marcador MIB 1 (anti-Ki 67), para estes casos, não auxiliasse na subclassificação dos mesmos. A realização de marcadores imunohistoquímicos como o CD 15, CD 30, CD 20, EMA e ALK é recomendada em casos de suspeita de Linfoma de Hodgkin, visto que os mesmos, em conjunto com os achados histológicos, permitem melhor acurácia diagnóstica, subclassificação e exclusão dos diagnósticos diferenciais

Orientador: Cristiano Claudino Oliveira / Resumo: Background: O estadiamento de pacientes com linfoma de Hodgkin inclui avaliação da medula óssea (MO). No caso da análise da MO por meio de material obtido na biópsia, buscam-se células de padrão Hodgkin-Reed-Sternberg em meio a fundo reacional. O presente estudo avaliou a utilização da imunoistoquímica como ferramenta para ampliar o poder de detecção da da infiltração nas amostragens de MO. Material e métodos: Foram selecionados 68 pacientes com diagnóstico de linfoma de Hodgkin entre 1998 e 2017, que tiveram seus prontuários médicos revisados e suas de biópsias e/ou aspirados de medula óssea revistos morfologicamente. Estudo de imunoistoquímica com CD30 e CD15 foram realizados. Os dados tabulados O valor de p considerado significante foi quando menor que 0,05. Resultados. Hipercelularidade (n=33, p=0,019), plasmocitose (n=23, p=0,009), aumento de reticulina (n=14, p=0,002), granulomas (n=5, p=0,000) e histiocitose (n=31, p=0,001) foram os parâmetros que tiveram melhor associação com a detecção de infiltração neoplásica pela imunoistoquímica. O marcador CD30 foi mais útil para utilização do que o CD15. Conclusão: A utilização do CD30 amplia a precisão do diagnóstico de infiltração e o aumento dareticulínica, a plasmocitose, a histiocitose e a presença de granulomas na medula óssea representam fatores indicativos da necessidade de complementação da avaliação morfológica com a técnica imunoistoquímica. / Abstract: The process of staging in patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma includes evaluation of bone marrow (BM) where the presence of Hodgkin-Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells are looked for in the background. The present study evaluated the use of immunohistochemistry as a tool to increase the detection power of the infiltration in the BM samples. Material and methods: 68 patients with a diagnosis of Hodgkin lymphoma were selected, between 1998 and 2017. Their medical records were reviewed as well as the bone marrow aspirates and / or biopsy samples. Immunohistochemical study with CD30 and CD15 were performed. The tabulated data The value of p considered significant was when less than 0,05. Results: hypercelullarity (N = 33, p = 0.019), plasmacytosis (n = 23, p = 0.009), reticulin increase (n = 14, p = 0.002), granulomas (n = 5, p = 0.000) and histiocytosis n = 31, p = 0.001) were the parameters that had the best association with the neoplastic infiltration of the BM confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The CD30 marker was more useful for use than the CD15. Conclusion: The use of CD30 amplifies the accuracy of the diagnosis of infiltration and the increase of reticulin, plasmacytosis, histiocytosis and the presence of granulomas in the bone marrow represent indicatives of the need to complement the morphological evaluation with the immunohistochemical technique. / Mestre

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an extremely difficult to treat subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) with a low patient survival rate compared to most common cancers. Recently, nanoparticle delivery systems have received a great deal of interest for treating NHL. One of the more promising cargo options for these systems is short interfering RNA (siRNA). siRNA is a 18-23 nucleotide long double stranded RNA that is used to inhibit the protein expression of target mRNAs in a sequence specific manner. MCLs have several commonly overexpressed genes compared to normal cells making it an ideal candidate for siRNA therapies. For RNA interference to occur, A delivery vehicle is needed for the siRNA to reach the cytoplasm of the cell. In this thesis, ionizable lipid-like materials termed lipidoids are formulated into lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to deliver siRNA. A new library of lipidoids is constructed to gain a better understanding of how the lipidoid tail-structure affects the silencing ability of LNPs. A novel tail precursor is identified as conferring potency to LNPs. Then, LNPs are used to silence genes within difficult to transfect MCL cells. LNPs targeting the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1 exhibit potent gene silencing and cause an increase in the fraction of cells undergoing apoptosis. This is important because there is no therapeutic that is FDA approved that targets this commonly overexpressed protein. Because of this LNP’s potency, siRNAs targeting multiple genes can be encapsulated into LNPs without causing unwanted toxicity. LNPs targeting several genes in multiple pathways cause a larger fraction of MCL cells to undergo apoptosis compared to cells treated with LNPs targeting only one gene. A major issue in cancer therapeutics is that the majority of nanoparticles accumulate in the liver. In an effort to improve the delivery of LNPs to target cells, changes to their formulations and administration methods are investigated as a means to improve LNP circulation time, biodistribution, and silencing ability. Overall, this work identifies lipidoid nanoparticles as potent siRNA delivery systems to treat MCL and investigates key properties for further improvement in LNP siRNA delivery to target cells.

Les cytokines sont d’importants médiateurs dans la physiopathologie des lymphomes hodgkiniens (LH). A partir d’une cohorte de 464 patients, nous avons évalué l’impact pronostique de onze SNPs parmi les gènes de cytokines : IL10 (rs1800890, rs1800896, rs1800871, rs1800872), TNFA (rs1800629) ; IL6 (rs1800795) ; IL1B (rs16944) ; ILRN (rs419598) ; INFG (rs2430561) ; IL12 (rs3212227) ; CCL17 (rs223828). Le génotypage du SNP de l’IL12 montre une distribution différente de celle attendue dans la population générale selon le test de Hardy-Weinberg. Ce résultat suggère que les variations génétiques de l’IL12 pourraient être impliquées dans la susceptibilité au LH. Les patients porteurs du génotype IL10-1082AA présentent un taux de rémission complète au traitement initial supérieur aux patients présentant un autre génotype (95% vs. 88% P = .02). Pour les patients de stade avancé III-IV, le taux de survie globale à 6 ans est statistiquement différent entre les génotypes IL10-592AA/CC/AC et IL10-819TT/CC/CT (100%, 94%, 78%, P = .03). Ce résultat est retrouvé pour les patients porteurs de LH n’exprimant pas l’EBV. Pour les LH EBV négatif, le taux de survie sans progression à 6 ans est différent en fonction du génotype du TNFA-308AA/GG/AG (100%, 84%, 68%, P = .03). Il n’a été pas retrouvé de corrélation entre les génotypes et les dosages plasmatiques de l’IL-10, TNFA, IL-1RA, IL-6. Cette étude montre que le ‘‘fond génétique immun’’ est important à prendre en considération pour définir le pronostic des patients. Le rôle des SNPs de l’IL10 et du TNFA dans les LH EBV négatif devra être confirmé ainsi que l’influence des variations génétiques de l’IL12 dans la susceptibilité au LH. / Cytokines are important immune mediators implicated in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) pathogenesis but little is known on the role of immune gene variations. We assessed prospectively the prognostic role of cytokine gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in HL patients (pts) : IL10 (rs1800890, 448 pts; rs1800896, 459 pts ; rs1800871, 446 pts ; rs1800872, 447 pts), TNFA (rs1800629, 464 pts) ; IL6 (rs1800795, 201 pts) ; IL1B (rs16944, 198 pts) ; ILRN (rs419598, 199 pts) ; INFG (rs2430561, 200 pts) ; IL12 (rs3212227, 259 pts) ; CCL17 (rs223828, 198 pts). IL12 genotype distribution appears significantly different from what observed in general population according to Hardy-Weinberg test which was already observed in another published study. IL10-1082AA genotype was associated with better complete response than other IL10 genotypes (95% vs. 88% P = .02). For patients with stage III-IV HL, the 6-year overall survival was statistically different between IL10-592AA/CC/AC and IL10-819TT/CC/CT genotypes (100%, 94%, 78%, P = .03). This prognostic effect was observed in EBV-negative but not in EBV-positive HL. In EBV-negative HL, TNFA-308AA/GG/AG genotypes had a different 6-year progression-free survival (100%, 84%, 68%, P = .03). No correlation was observed between genotypes and IL-10, TNFA, IL-1RA, IL-6 cytokine levels. This exploratory study suggests an effect of IL10 and TNFA SNPs in predicting HL outcome but other studies are needed to decipher the role of the host immunogenetic background, in particular the relation with EBV. Regarding the IL12 genotyping results, whether IL12 polymorphism is implicated in HL susceptibility needs also to be clarify.

Ziel der in der vorliegenden Arbeit beschriebenen Untersuchungen war eine nähere Charakterisierung von peripheren T-Zell-Lymphomen (PTCL). Hierfür wurden im Wesentlichen zwei Ansätze verfolgt: Im ersten Ansatz sollten für die Tumorzellen der verschiedenen PTCL korrespondierende Normalzellen identifiziert werden, um deren Eigenschaften und Funktionen mit denen der neoplastischen Zellen vergleichen zu können. Im zweiten Ansatz sollten die hierdurch gewonnenen Erkenntnisse in weiterführende Untersuchungen umgesetzt werden, um Hinweise auf die Mechanismen der Tumorzelltransformation in den verschiedenen PTCL zu erhalten. Zur Bearbeitung des ersten Ansatzes wurde eine PCR-basierte Methode entwickelt, mit der sich das in den Tumorzellen klonal rearrangierte T-Zell-Rezeptor (TCR)Vbeta-Segment bestimmen lässt, um anschließend den Phänotyp der Tumorzellen unter Zuhilfenahme eines gegen dieses Segment gerichteten Antikörpers in immunhistochemischen Mehrfachfärbungen zu definieren. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass sich angioimmunoblastische T-Zell-Lymphome (AILT) und großzellig anaplastische Lymphome (ALCL) jeweils einer T-Effektorzell-Population und eine Untergruppe der peripheren T-Zell-Lymphome, nicht weiter spezifiziert (PTCL-NOS) einer T-Gedächtniszell-Population zuordnen lassen. Ausgehend vom Phänotyp bereits bekannter T-Zell-Subpopulationen wurde darüber hinaus versucht, aus der heterogenen Gruppe der PTCL-NOS weitere Untergruppen einem bestimmten T-Zell-Entwicklungsstadium zuzuordnen. Die diesbezüglichen Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass es eine seltene Gruppe von PTCL gibt, die sich von regulatorischen T-Zellen ableitet, und sich durch einen sehr aggressiven Krankheitsverlauf auszeichnet. Diese Erkenntnis könnte in Zukunft Auswirkungen auf das therapeutische Vorgehen, beispielsweise in Form einer individuell abgestimmten, aggressiveren Therapie, haben. Als wegweisender Nebenbefund der durchgeführten PCR-basierten immun-histochemischen Untersuchungen sind die Ergebnisse der Analysen von ALCL anzusehen. Bei diesen Tumoren konnte gezeigt werden, dass die fehlende Expression von TCR sowie TCR-assoziierten Molekülen trotz des Vorhandenseins klonal rearrangierter TCR ein wesentliches Merkmal dieser Entität darstellt. Diese Erkenntnis stellt eine neue vereinigende Eigenschaft von ALK- (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) und ALK+ ALCL dar, die insbesondere auch zur Abgrenzung gegenüber anderen CD30+ PTCL in der Diagnostik herangezogen werden kann. Inwiefern das Fehlen der über den TCR vermittelten Signale, die normalerweise über den JAK/STAT Weg die Proliferation hemmen und letztlich zu Wachstumsstopp und Apoptose führen, auch zur Tumorzelltransformation beiträgt, muss in weiteren Untersuchungen geklärt werden. TCR-knock-out/down Experimente bzw. die Reexpression eines TCR in entsprechenden ALCL-Zelllinien könnten diese Aspekte weiter beleuchten. Ein weiterer interessanter Aspekt sind die Parallelen zu dem morphologisch ähnlichen Hodgkin-Lymphom, das sich von B-Zellen ableitet, jedoch ebenfalls keinen B-Zellrezeptor (BCR) exprimiert. Das abberante TCR/BCR-Signaling könnte zu der ungewöhnlichen, anaplastischen Morphologie der neoplastischen Zellen in beiden Lymphomen beitragen, da auch Veränderungen des Aktin-Zytoskeletts durch diese Signalkaskaden vermittelt werden. Hier könnten insbesondere vergleichende Untersuchungen zu einem besseren Verständnis dieser Tumoren beitragen. Der Befund, dass die Tumorzellen des AILT einen Effektorzellphänotyp aufweisen, hat uns dazu veranlasst, nach Ursachen zu suchen, die in den Tumorzellen die bei diesem Zelltyp zu erwartende Apoptose verhindern. SNP-Analysen und immunhistochemische Untersuchungen der Apoptose-assoziierten CTLA-4- und FAS-Gene bzw. deren Expression haben jedoch keine Hinweise auf einen hier gelegenen Apoptosedefekt ergeben. Es sind somit weiterführende Untersuchungen der FAS- und CTLA-4-Signalwege sowie anderer Apoptose-assoziierter Moleküle nötig, um der nach wie vor naheliegenden Hypothese eines Apoptosedefekts als pathogenetisch relevanten Faktor in AILT nachzugehen. Aus den in der vorliegenden Arbeit beschriebenen Untersuchungen haben sich zahlreiche neue Aspekte ergeben, die Ausgangspunkt für ein besseres Verständnis der Biologie dieser Erkrankungen sein können. Nicht zuletzt könnten diese Ergebnisse dazu beitragen eine Klassifikation der T-Zell-Lymphome zu erstellen, die sich analog zu der Klassifikation der B-Zell-Lymphome an der korrespondierenden Normalzelle orientiert und letztlich die Diagnostik und Therapie und damit die Prognose dieser Tumoren verbessert. / The aim of our study was a more specific molecular characterisation of peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL). Towards this goal, we primarily chose two approaches: The first approach was to identify the normal counterparts of the neoplastic T-cells in different subtypes of PTCL in order to compare the features and functions of normal and neoplastic T-cells. The second approach dealt with potential mechanisms of tumor cell transformation that may occur in these non-neoplastic counterparts of PTCL during tumorigenesis. In the first approach, we developed a PCR-based method which allows the identification of the clonally rearranged T-cell receptor (TCR)V segment of the neoplastic T-cells. Subsequent phenotyping of the tumor cells was done with an antibody against this segment performing immunohistochemical double- and triple stains. Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphomas (AILT) and anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCL) could both be related to effector cells, whereas a subgroup of PTCL not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS) showed a corresponding memory cell population. Furthermore, based on defined T-cell populations, attempts to assign further subgroups within the heterogeneous group of PTCL-NOS provided evidence of rare cases derived from regulatory T-cells with an aggressive clinical course. In the future, this finding may have implications for the therapeutic management leading to a more individualized therapy. We gained additional insights from our PCR-based immunohistochemical investigations which may be of major importance for the pathogenesis of ALCL. Specifically, we could demonstrate that the lack of TCR expression and of TCR-associated molecules is an essential feature of this entity, despite the existence of clonally rearranged TCR genes. This perception presents a new unifying feature of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)- and ALK+ ALCL, which is particularly useful in discriminating ALCL from other CD30+ PTCL in the diagnostic setting. Further investigations are needed to clarify to what extent the lack of TCR mediated signals, which normally inhibit proliferation by the JAK/STAT pathway leading to growth arrest and apoptosis, also contributes to tumor cell transformation. TCR-knock-down experiments in normal T-cells and TCR re-expression in corresponding ALCL cell lines might shed additional light on these aspects. The parallels to the morphologically similar Hodgkin lymphoma which is derived from B-cells, are another interesting aspect, since these tumors do not express a B-cell receptor (BCR). The aberrant TCR/BCR signaling could contribute to the abnormal anaplastic morphology of the neoplastic cells in both lymphoma entities, since changes of the cytoskeleton are induced by the TCR/BCR signal cascades as well. Thus, comparative analyses could contribute to a better understanding of these tumors. The finding of AILT tumor cells showing an effector cell phenotype led us to search for reasons why apoptosis is inhibited in the tumor cells, whereas in normal T-cells of this differentiation state apoptosis generally occurs. Both analyses of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and immunohistochemical studies of the apoptosis-associated CTLA-4 and FAS genes, however, did not provide any evidence of a defective apoptotic pathway based on these SNPs. Therefore, further investigations of the FAS and CTLA-4 pathways as well as other apoptosis-associated molecules are needed to identify factors that result in defective apoptosis of AILT cells. Our work may help to provide a better understanding of the biology of PTCL and could contribute to the development of an improved classification of T-cell lymphomas, which is based on corresponding normal T-cell counterparts, analogous to the classification of B-cell lymphomas. An improved molecular characterization of PTCL is a prerequisite for the development of novel therapeutic approaches.

Mantelzell-Lymphome gehören mit einem Anteil von ca. 5-10 % der B-Zellneoplasien zu den aggressiven lymphatischen Tumoren und sind, neben der histologisch-morphologischen und klinischen Präsentation, in der überwiegenden Mehrzahl der Fälle durch eine chromosomale Translokation t(11;14) sowie die Expression der Oberflächenmarker CD5, CD20 und Cyclin D1 gekennzeichnet (sog. Cyclin D1-posive Tumoren). Bei einigen fehlt jedoch eine Expression von Cyclin D1 (sog. Cyclin D1-negative Tumoren). Gegenstand der vorliegenden Arbeit war die genetische Charakterisierung von 77 Mantellzell-Lymphomen mittels komparativer genomischer Hybridisierung, die Detektion vorhandener chromosomaler Imbalanzen sowie der Vergleich beider Gruppen bezüglich ihrer Aberrationsmuster. / Mantle cell lymphomas (MCL) are about 5-10 % of B-cell neoplasia and are according to the aggressive forms of lymphatic tumors. They are characterized by a chromosomal translocation t(11;14) and expression of the surface antigens CD5, CD20 and cyclin D1 in the majority of cases (cyclin D1-positive MCL). But some of the tumors lack expression of cyclin D1 (cyclin D1-negative MCL). In this study 77 mantle cell lymphomas are characterized by comparative genomic hybridization. Furthermore the detected aberrations are compared between the cyclin D1- positive and the cyclin D1-negative cases.

Die primären genetischen Veränderungen gastraler MALT-Lymphome zeigen verschiedene Pathogenesen auf. In 20 bis 30 Prozent der DLBCL kann eine Translokation t(14;18)(q32;q21) nachgewiesen werden, bei der das antiapoptotisch wirkende Bcl-2-Gen transloziert wird. Dies führt zu einer Überexpression von Bcl-2. Die Translokation t(11;18)(q21;q21) wurde in bis zu 50 Prozent der MZBZL vom MALT-Typ und wenigen DLBZL nachgewiesen. Dabei werden unterschiedlich lange Teile des MALT1-Gens in BIRC3 (ehemals: Apoptose- Inhibitor- Gen API2) auf 11q21 integriert. Mit den Translokationen scheint man bei einem Teil der gastrointestinalen Lymphome die primäre genetische Veränderung entdeckt zu haben. Bei Lymphomen, bei denen die Pathogenese nicht durch Translokationen vorangetrieben wird, könnten die gleichen, von Translokationen betroffen Gene durch Amplifikationen/ Mutationen überexprimiert/ aktiviert werden. Im Rahmen dieser Doktorarbeit wurden die Gene MALT1 und Bcl-2 hinsichtlich Amplifikationen der genomischen DNA untersucht. Amplifikationen des Bcl-2-Gens konnten kürzlich bei einigen t(14;18)(q32;q21)-negativen DLBCL und follikulären Lymphomen nachgewiesen und auch im Rahmen dieser Doktorarbeit gezeigt werden. Mittels semiquantitativer PCR konnte in vier von 30 untersuchten DLBCL-Fällen (13,3 Prozent) eine Amplifikation des Bcl-2-Gens nachgewiesen werden. Die Hypothese, dass Bcl-2-Amplifikation mit folgender Überexpression des Bcl-2-Proteins (neben Bcl-2-Translokation) eine wichtige Rolle in der Pathogenese bei DLBCL spielt, wird mit diesen Ergebnissen gestützt. Zudem zeigten zwei von 14 MZBZL-Fällen (14,3 Prozent) eine Bcl-2-Amplifikation. Hieraus ergibt sich die Vermutung, dass Bcl-2 auch eine wichtige Rolle bei der Entstehung der MZBZL vom MALT-Typ spielen könnte. Bisher konnten Bcl-2-Gen-Beteiligungen (zum Beispiel t(14;18)(q32;q21)) nicht nachgewiesen werden. Amplifikationen des MALT1-Gens wurden kürzlich als mögliche primäre Ursache für die Entstehung von Lymphomen beschrieben. In vier der 30 untersuchten DLBCL-Fällen (13,3 Prozent) und einem t(11;18)(q21;q21)-negativem MZBZL-Fall konnten mittels semiquantitativer PCR Amplifikationen von MALT1 detektiert werden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass MALT1 als dominantes Onkogen in der Pathogenese von gastralen MZBZL vom MALT-Typ und primär gastralen DLBCL zu agieren scheint. Es kann sowohl durch Translokationen, wie auch durch genomische Amplifikationen dysreguliert werden. / The translocation t(14;18)(q32;q21), which is present in 20 bis 30 percent of DLBCL (diffuse-large-B-cell-lymphoma) leads to overexpression of Bcl-2. The translocation t(11;18)(q21;q21) can be detected in up to 50 percent of MZBCL (marginal zone B-cell lymphoma) of MALT-typ and a low number of DLBCL. Thereby parts of the MALT1-gene get integrated in BIRC3. The dissertation shows, that in gastric MALT-lymphomas not only translocation, but also amplifications of the MALT1- and Bcl-2-gene might play an important part in the development of these lymphomas. In 13,3 percent of DLBCL and 14,3 percent of MZBCL an amplification of the Bcl-2-gene, which may lead to overexpression could be demonstrated. An amplification of the Bcl-2-gene in MZBCL of MALT-typ has not been verified before. In 13,3 percent of DLBCL and 1 t(11;18)(q21;21)-negativ case of the analysed MZBCL an amplification of the MALT1-gene could be attested. This leads to supposition that MALT1 acts as an dominant oncogene in the development of gastric MZBCL of MALT-typ and primary gastric DLBCL.

Fluorine-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (F-18 FDG PET-CT) is now established in the staging, restaging and therapy response monitoring of Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) and high grade Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HG NHL), specifically for nodal disease and extra-nodal disease excluding the bone marrow. The role of FDG PET-CT for evaluating bone marrow involvement in HL and HG NHL has not been established yet. There are however several publications on this subject but no consensus has been reached. Bone marrow trephine biopsy (BMB) is the gold standard for bone marrow assessment in lymphoma. Although the occurrence of adverse effects is uncommon, BMB is an invasive procedure that may induce anxiety in patients. A retrospective review of FDG PET-CT bone marrow findings of HL patients referred for a staging scan from June 2008 to January 2014 was done, these findings were compared to the BMB findings also done as part of initial staging. The findings of 55 patients were reviewed analysed.

Orientador: Deilson Elgui de Oliveria / Banca: Lígia Niéro-Melo / Banca: Daniel Onofre Vidal / Banca: Alexandrona Sartori / Banca: Otávio Cesar Carvalho Guimarães Baiocchi / Resumo: Linfoma de Hodgkin clássico (LHc) é uma neoplasia maligna que apresenta um padrão aberrante de expressão de citocinas, incluindo IL-10 e TNF-a. Polimorfismos de nucleotídeo único (SNPs) nos genes codificadores de IL-10 e TNF-a ou de suas proteínas regulatórias, como NFkB, podem interferir na patobiologia do LHc. No presente estudo, SNPs nas regiões promotoras dos genes de IL-10 (SNP/pIL-10 -592, rs1800872; e SNP/pIL-10 -1082, rs1800896) e TNF-a (SNP/pTNF-a -238, rs361525; e SNP/pTNF-a -862, rs1800630), assim como na região intrônica do gene NFkB1 (SNP/iNFkB1, rs1585215) foram genotipados em 73 pacientes com LHc e avaliados em relação à sua associação com parâmetros prognósticos clínicos e laboratoriais da doença. SNPs/pIL-10 AA foram significativamente associados a maiores contagens de leucócitos e menores valores de linfócitos ao diagnóstico. No caso de TNF-a, SNP/pTNF-a -238 AG foi associado à presença de infecção pelo EBV enquanto SNP/pTNF-a -862 CC apresentou-se mais frequentemente com leucocitose. SNP/iNFkB1 AA associaramse à doença em estádio IV e padrão extranodal de apresentação. Entretanto, nenhum dos SNPs avaliados teve efeito no desfecho do tratamento. Esse estudo mostrou que alguns genótipos de SNPs nos genes de IL-10 e TNF-a estão associados a parâmetros prognósticos no LHc. Adicionalmente, pela primeira vez foram descritas associações entre SNP/iNFkB1 (rs1585215) e aspectos clínicos da doença / Abstract: Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is a malignant lymphoid neoplasia that shows aberrant expression of cytokines, including IL-10 and TNF-a. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding IL-10 and TNF-a or their regulatory proteins, such as NFkB, may impact cHL pathobiology. In this study, SNPs in the promoter regions of genes encoding for IL-10 (SNP/pIL-10 -592, rs1800872; and SNP/pIL-10 -1082, rs1800896), and TNF-a (SNP/pTNF-a -238, rs361525; and SNP/pTNF-a -862, rs1800630), as well as in the intronic region of the NFkB1 gene (SNP/iNFkB1, rs1585215) were genotyped in 73 patients with cHL and evaluated against clinical and laboratory prognostic parameters for the disease. SNPs/pIL-10 AA were significantly associated with higher leukocyte and lower lymphocyte counts at diagnosis. In case of TNF-a, SNP/pTNF-a -238 AG was associated with EBV infection while SNP/pTNF-a -862 CC presented more frequently with leukocytosis. SNP/iNFkB1AA generally had stage IV and extranodal disease at diagnosis. Nonetheless, none of the studied SNPs had effect on on treatment outcome. This study shows that some SNPs genotypes for IL-10 and TNF-a genes are associated with prognostic parameters in cHL; furthermore, this is the first time that the SNP/iNFkB1 (rs1585215) was implicated in clinical features of the disease / Doutor