Orientador: Sara Terezinha Olalla Saad / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-28T16:34:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_MarcosDamiaoAlvesda_M.pdf: 4696529 bytes, checksum: 3703429ef804fa67a149fa26352e47ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 1999 / Resumo: Os Linfomas Não Hodgkin (LNH) são neoplasias originárias de linfócitos B e/ou T. A classificação histológica dessas doenças é complexa, sendo que há uma tendência em se agrupar os diferentes subtipos nas categorias de baixo, intermediário ou alto grau de malignidade segundo critérios clínicos. A proteína BCL-2 foi descoberta a partir de linfomas foliculares (baixo grau de malignidade) que apresentam a translocação t(14;I8) a qual aproxima seqüências promotoras do gene de cadeias pesadas de imunoglobulinas (1gH) ao gene de bcl-2 (B-Cell Lymphoma 2), tornando-a superexpressa nesses tumores. A proteína BCL-2 está envolvida na resistência a diversos agentes quimioterápicos e na regulação de apoptose. Sabe-se que células de vida longa em nosso organismo, como os linfócitos B de memória, neurônios, células que margeiam membranas basais, etc, apresentam bcl-2 superexpresso. Acredita-se que falhas no sistema de recombinação homóloga, no período em que a expressão de bcl-2 deve ser ativada em linfócitos de memória, sejam responsáveis tanto pela desregulação da apoptose e ciclo celular nos LNH, e ainda um passo inicial para a tumorigênese. Nós analisamos a expressão de algumas proteínas da família BCL-2, pró (BAX e BAK) ou anti-apoptóticas (BCL-2 e MCL-I) por imunohistoquímica em lâminas de tecido tumoral obtidas de uma série histórica de 128 casos de LNH atendidos no Hospital de Clínicas da UNICAMP com graus de malignidade baixo, intermediário e alto. Nossos resultados mostraram expressão da proteína BCL-2 em cerca de 55% dos casos nos LNH de alto grau, 85% nos LNH de grau intermediário e 90% nos LNH de baixo grau de malignidade. Houve uma maior percentagem de células positivas para a proteína BAX, sendo 94% para os casos de LNH de alto grau, 100% nos LNH de grau intermediário e 74% nos casos de LNH de baixo grau de malignidade. Para a proteína BA.K, observamos 88% de positividade para os casos de LNH de alto grau, 75% de positividade para os casos de LNH de grau intermediário e 95% nos LNH de baixo grau. A proteína MCL-1 apresentou os mais altos níveis de detecção, sendo que de todos os casos estudados, somente 3 casos de LNH de alto grau de malignidade foram negativos. Neste trabalho observamos a correlação entre os níveis de expressão das proteínas MCL-l e BAX (p=0,0028) e uma tendência de correlação entre BAX e BAK (p=0,063) nos LNH de alto grau de malignidade. A expressão de BCL-2 foi significativamente maior nos LNH de graus baixo e intermediário quando comparados aos LNH de alto grau de malignidade (x2=16,294 e p=0,001). A proteína BAX apresentou níveis de expressão semelhantes nos LNH de graus intermediário e alto, mas significativamente menor nos LNH de baixo grau de malignidade (p=0,02). Os dados inéditos deste trabalho, como a expressão aumentada de BAK e MCL-l em LNH, associados a dados já descritos na literatura como o aumento de expressão de BCL-2 e BAX, sugerem que a expressão aumentada de proteínas reguladoras do apoptose devem estar implicadas na etiopatogenia e fisiopatologia dessas neoplasias. Estudos de regulação gênica dessas proteínas poderão indicar diferenças entre elementos responsivos desses homólogos, relacionados ao controle da apoptose / Abstract: Non Hodgkin's Lymphomas (NHL) are neoplasm originated from B and/or T lymphocytes. These lymphomas can be classified into categories named low, intermediate or high malignant risk, according to clinical criteria. The BCL-2 protein was described in follicular lymphomas (low grade of malignancy) that harbor the t(14;18) translocation. This translocation brings the promoter sequences from immunoglobulin Heavy (IgH) chains gene near to bcl-2 (B-Cell Lymphoma 2) gene, tuning it over expressed in these tumours. The BCL-2 protein is important in the resistance to many chemotherapeutic agents and regulation of apoptotic mechanism. It has been observed that long lived cells as memory B cells, neurons, stem-cells at the edge of basement membranes, etc, over express bcl-2. Non Hodgkin's Lymphomas present alterations on apoptosis and cell cycle, probably due to defects in the homologous recombination system, by the time bcl-2 is expressed in memory cells. This could be an initial step to tumor genesis. The aim of our study was to analise by immunohistochemical techniques the distribution of pro (BAX and BAK) and anti (BCL-2 and MCL-1) apoptotic proteins of the BCL-2's family on tissue slides obtained from 128 cases of NHL seen at Hospital de Clínicas UNICAMP. We found BCL-2 protein expression in 55% of the NHL high grade, 85% of the NHL intermediate grade and 90% of the NHL low grade. BAX protein was highly expressed in alI categories: 94% at high grade NHL, 100% of the intermediate grade and 74% of the low grade NHL. BAK protein showed expression in 88% of the NHL high grade, 75% in NHL intermediate grade and 95% in NHL low grade. MCL-1 protein had the highest levels of expression, being positive in alI cases studied, except three cases of NHL high grade. In this study, we found correlation between MCL-1 and BAX expression levels (p=0,0028) and a tendency of correlation between BAX and BAK (p=0,063) in high-grade NHL tumours. BCL-2 expression was significant1y higher in low and intermediate grade malignancy tumours compared to expression levels of this protein in NHL of high-grade malignancy (x2=16,294 and p=0,001). BAX protein expression levels were similar in NHL of intermediate and high-grade tumours but significant1y lower in low grade malignancy tumours (p=0,02). The inedited data of this study as high BAR. and MCL-I expression in NHL, associated to the already published high expression of BAX in high and intermediate grade NHL and BCL-2 in low and intermediate grades NHL, in agreement with the literature, suggest that apoptotic regulating proteins may be implicated in etiopathogeny and psychopathology in these diseases. Studies on genetic regulation of these proteins may indicate differences between homologous responsive elements altering apoptosis control / Mestrado / Bioquimica / Mestre em Biologia Funcional e Molecular

Background: We characterized B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) cases over ten years at a tertiary children's hospital to contribute to the body of knowledge on pediatric lymphoma in developing countries with a high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) burden. Methods: A retrospective cohort study using clinical and laboratory records of children newly diagnosed with B-cell NHL from January 2005 to December 2014. Results: Seventy-five children ≤ 15 years were included. The majority had Burkitt lymphoma (n = 61). Twenty-five percent (n = 19) were HIV positive and 16% (n = 12) had concurrent active tuberculosis. Bulky disease was present in 65.7% (n = 46) and 30.1% (n = 22) were classified as Lymphomes Malins B (LMB) risk group C. The five year survival estimates for HIV-negative and HIV-positive children were similar in our cohort: 81% vs. 79% for eventfree survival and 85% vs. 83.9% for overall survival. Of three children with Burkitt lymphoma, HIV and LMB group C, two died within one year. Conclusions: Irrespective of HIV status, the survival of children in our B-cell NHL cohort compares favorably with cure rates in developed nations, although advanced disease remains associated with a poor prognosis. Characterization of childhood NHL cases contributes to accurate risk stratification and tailored treatment.

Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) is a disease that represents approximately 10% of lymphomas with bimodal age distribution. It is curable in approximately 75 percent of patients worldwide. ABVD regimen (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine) was originally developed for patients with disease resistant to MOPP (mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone), but subsequently became the gold standard initial chemotherapy for patients with HL. Anthracyclines remain as a backbone for combination regimens and in patients with systolic dysfunction MOPP regimen has been used as initial chemotherapy. In patients with relapsed or refractory HL, the goal of treatment should be to achieve long-term disease control and requires salvage regimens to reduce disease burden beforehand followed by autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in curative intent. There are no randomized trials that directly compare the various salvage regimens for relapsed HL. Brentuximab Vedontin (BV) and nivolumab are currently approved for the treatment of refractory disease in patients who have failed two or more first-line treatments or who have failed HCT. Little literature exists regarding the efficacy and overall survival of patients who receive BV with or without nivolumab for refractory disease in patients who are ineligible or refuse HCT. We report a case of a 24-year-old refractory nodular sclerosing Hodgkin’s disease with a lengthy progression-free survival on BV and Nivolumab and without HCT. The patient was diagnosed with stage IV HL due to bone marrow involvement and was started on the MOPP regimen due to an ejection fraction of 45-50% and given a history of transposition of great vessels. The first surveillance PET scan after 6 cycles of MOPP chemotherapy showed new hypermetabolic widespread adenopathy and new multifocal abnormal FDG uptake within the liver and spleen suggestive of early relapse. Salvage chemoimmunotherapy with RICE was then started with the intention to reduce the disease burden prior to HCT. Despite starting salvage chemoimmunotherapy, the patient’s liver function tests (LFT) continued to rise along with progressively worsening pancytopenia. Due to concern for refractoriness and worsening LFT’s, he was started on third-line single-agent nivolumab and showed tremendous response after 4 cycles. BV was added to nivolumab to further improve responses based on phase 2 data. Despite considerable efforts in counseling regarding smoking cessation, he continued to smoke and refused HCT. The patient received 4 cycles of Nivolumab every 2 weeks and then a combination of BV and Nivolumab for 17 cycles. Subsequently had progressive disease. Right, mandibular gingiva biopsy was consistent with high-grade large B cell lymphoma with concern for Richter's transformation from Hodgkin’s to non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). He has received a course of radiation therapy to the involved facial area for symptom control and was later started on CEOP (vincristine, etoposide, cyclophosphamide, prednisone) regimen with intrathecal methotrexate. This case provides unique clinical data of durability results of a patient treated with BV in combination with nivolumab in relapsed or refractory HL patients who are ineligible or refuse HCT. Our patient likely had Richter's transformation of HL to the NHL, which has rarely been reported in the literature.

While CHOP chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone), the current standard of care for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), kills tumor cells, the accumulation of tumor cell “debris” can stimulate inflammation and tumor growth. Thus, cytotoxic cancer therapies are a double-edged sword. Previous studies have shown that apoptotic debris stimulates tumor growth. We hypothesize that (1) CHOP-generated tumor cell debris can promote lymphoma progression via release of pro-inflammatory cytokines; (2) blocking phosphatidylserine (PS), which is presented on the surface of apoptotic cells, may inhibit debris-stimulated cancer progression. METHODS: Lymphoma EL4 debris was generated by treating tumor cells with CHOP chemotherapy. EL4 debris was isolated via Ficoll gradient and co-injected with living EL4 tumor cells into immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice. Macrophage-secreted cytokines were measured via array analysis. RESULTS: Flow cytometry confirmed CHOP chemotherapy generated apoptotic/necrotic debris. Vincristine-, mafosfamide-, and prednisolone-generated lymphoma EL4 debris stimulated tumor growth by over 100-fold in a dose-dependent manner. Debris alone did not induce tumors, even at 250 days post-injection. Doxorubicin-generated EL4 debris stimulated tumor growth at low dose (1x105), but inhibited growth at high dose (9x105). Systemic administration of doxorubicin-generated EL4 debris or blocking PS in the cell debris generated by doxorubicin using annexin V or an anti-PS neutralizing antibody inhibited doxorubicin-generated debris-stimulated tumor growth. Therapy-generated debris stimulated macrophage pro-inflammatory cytokine production. CONCLUSIONS: CHOP chemotherapy-generated debris regulates tumor growth via cytokine production. Thus, harnessing the anti-tumor activity of inhibitory debris or neutralizing PS on stimulatory debris may be a novel anti-cancer approach. / 2018-07-11T00:00:00Z

Purpose: The five point Deauville (D) scale is widely used to assess interim PET metabolic response to chemotherapy in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) patients. An International Validation Study reported good concordance among reviewers in ABVD treated advanced stage HL patients for the binary discrimination between score D1,2,3 and score D4,5. Inter-reader reliability of the whole scale is not well characterised. Methods: Five international expert readers scored 100 interim PET/CT scans from paediatric HL patients. Scans were acquired in 51 European hospitals after two courses of OEPA chemotherapy (according to the EuroNet-PHL-C1 study). Images were interpreted in direct comparison with staging PET/CTs. Results: The probability that two random readers concord on the five point D score of a random case is only 42% (global kappa = 0.24). Aggregating to a three point scale D1,2 vs. D3 vs. D4,5 improves concordance to 60% (kappa = 0.34). Concordance if one of two readers assigns a given score is 70% for score D1,2 only 36% for score D3 and 64% for D4,5. Concordance for the binary decisions D1,2 vs. D3,4,5 is 67% and 86% for D1,2,3 vs D4,5 (kappa = 0.36 resp. 0.56). If one reader assigns D1,2,3 concordance probability is 92%, but only 64% if D4,5 is called. Discrepancies occur mainly in mediastinum, neck and skeleton. Conclusion: Inter-reader reliability of the five point D-scale is poor in this interobserver analysis of paediatric patients who underwent OEPA. Inter-reader variability is maximal in cases assigned to D2 or D3. The binary distinction D1,2,3 versus D4,5 is the most reliable criterion for clinical decision making.

Busulfan, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide (BuCyE) is a commonly used conditioning regimen for autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). This multicenter, phase II study examined the safety and efficacy of BuCyE with individually adjusted busulfan based on preconditioning pharmacokinetics. The study initially enrolled Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients ages 18 to 80 years but was amended due to high early treatment-related mortality (TRM) in patients > 65 years. BuCyE outcomes were compared with contemporaneous recipients of carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, and melphalan (BEAM) from the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research. Two hundred seven subjects with HL (n = 66) or NHL (n = 141) were enrolled from 32 centers in North America, and 203 underwent ASCT. Day 100 TRM for all subjects (n = 203), patients > 65 years (n = 17), and patients ≤ 65 years (n = 186) were 4.5%, 23.5%, and 2.7%, respectively. The estimated rates of 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) were 33% for HL and 58%, 77%, and 43% for diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL; n = 63), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL; n = 29), and follicular lymphoma (FL; n = 23), respectively. The estimated rates of 2-year overall survival (OS) were 76% for HL and 65%, 89%, and 89% for DLBCL, MCL, and FL, respectively. In the matched analysis rates of 2-year TRM were 3.3% for BuCyE and 3.9% for BEAM, and there were no differences in outcomes for NHL. Patients with HL had lower rates of 2-year PFS with BuCyE, 33% (95% CI, 21% to 46%), than with BEAM, 59% (95% CI, 52% to 66%), with no differences in TRM or OS. BuCyE provided adequate disease control and safety in B cell NHL patients ≤ 65 years but produced worse PFS in HL patients when compared with BEAM.

Pacientes com linfoma de Hodgkin (LH) tratados com poliquimioterpia com adriamicina, bleomicina, vincristina e doxorrubicina (ABVD) apresentam resposta terapêutica distinta. Para aprimorar a avaliação prognóstica e a abordagem terapêutica em LH objetivamos avaliar o valor prognóstico da PET-FDG após 2 ciclos de ABVD (PET2) em pacientes com LH. Foram incluídos nesse estudo prospectivo 115 pacientes com diagnóstico recente de LH no período de agosto de 2005 a dezembro de 2007. Os pacientes foram estadiados com exame clínico, laboratorial, tomografia computadorizada e PET-FDG (PET0). Todos os pacientes foram tratados com ABVD e aqueles com massa tumoral extensa foram tratados com radioterapia associada. Após dois ciclos de ABVD os pacientes foram submetidos a PET2. Nenhum tratamento foi alterado baseado na PET2. Foi avaliado o valor prognóstico dos fatores clínicos, Índice Prognóstico Internacional (IPI) e PET2 em relação à sobrevida livre de eventos (SLE) em três anos. Dos 104 pacientes que foram avaliados, 82 atingiram remissão completa e 22 pacientes apresentaram falha de tratamento durante a mediana de 36 meses de acompanhamento. A SG e SLE em três anos foi de 94,2% e 74,2% respectivamente. A SLE em três anos da PET2 positiva foi de 54,3%, enquanto da PET2 negativa foi de 90,5% (p< 0.001). Na análise de subgrupos de pacientes com estádio precoce, avançado, IPI baixo e alto risco, a PET2 também apresentou correlação estatisticamente significativa com o prognóstico. Concluímos que a PET2 é o melhor fator prognóstico independente na avaliação de pacientes com LH / Patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) treated with poliquimioteraphy with adriamycin, bleomycin, vincristine and doxorubicin (ABVD) have distinct therapeutic response. In order to improve the prognostic assessment and therapeutic approach in HL we have evaluated the prognostic value of FDG-PET after 2 cycles of ABVD (PET2). Were included in this prospective study 115 patients with newly diagnosed LH in the period of August 2005 to December 2007. The patients were staged with physical examination, laboratory, CT and PET-FDG (PET0). All patients were treated with ABVD and those with extensive tumor were treated with radiotherapy associated. After two cycles of ABVD patients underwent PET2. No treatment was changed based on PET2. We assessed the prognostic value of clinical factors, international prognostic score (IPS) and PET2 in relation to event-free survival (EFS) in three years. Of the 104 patients who finalized the evaluation, 82 achieved complete remission and 22 patients experienced treatment failure during the median of 36 months of follow-up. The EFS at three years was 74.2%. EFS in three years of PET2 positive was 54.3%, while the PET2 negative was 90.5% (p <0.001). In subgroup analysis of patients with early stage, advanced, low and high risk IPS, PET2 also showed significant correlation with the prognosis. We conclude that the PET2 is the best independent prognostic factor in the evaluation of overall patients with LH, or in subgroups of early, advance; low and high risk of HL

Foram analisados 106 pacientes portadores de Linfoma de Hodgkin (LH) com recidiva da doença ou refratários ao tratamento inicial que foram submetidos ao transplante autólogo de células tronco hematopoiéticas (TCTH), na ordem consecutiva de sua realização, entre o mês de abril de 1993 a dezembro de 2007 em um único Centro Brasileiro: o Serviço de Transplante de Medula Óssea da FMUSP. O grupo teve a mediana etária de 28 anos, 55 pacientes (51,9%) eram do sexo masculino e houve predomínio da raça branca (87,6%). A mediana de seguimento clínico foi de 56,4 meses. Todos pacientes foram submetidos no pré TCTH a protocolos de tratamento convencionais, sendo que o uso dos protocolos MOPP, ABVD e sua associação foram utilizados em 97 pacientes (91,5%). Os pacientes foram classificados, de acordo com a resposta ao tratamento utilizado antes do TCTH, sendo 38,1% considerados refratários e 61,9% responsivos. Dos responsivos, 54 pacientes estavam em segunda remissão completa (85%). Tratamento com quimioterapia em alta dose pré TCTH foi feito em 45 (42,4%) dos pacientes (salvamento). A mobilização das células tronco hematopoiéticas foi realizada com ciclofosfamida 120 mg/kg dividida em dois dias seguido de fator estimulador de colônias de granulócitos (G-CSF) na dose de 6 a 17 mcg/kg em 83 (78%) pacientes. Em 25 pacientes (22%) houve falha de mobilização e a coleta foi realizada por múltiplas punções da medula óssea em centro cirúrgico. O valor mediano de células CD 34 coletadas foi de 2,6 x 106 células CD34/Kg de peso do paciente. Os condicionamentos mais utilizados foram BEAM e CVB, e não se encontrou diferença na sobrevida em relação ao regime empregado (p=0,17). A mediana de enxertia das células transplantadas foi de 12 dias. A sobrevida global após o TCTH pelo método de Kaplan-Meier foi, respectivamente, de 86% e 70% aos 5 e 10 anos. Não influenciaram a sobrevida na análise univariada o sexo, o estadio da doença e a presença de massa tumoral extensa. O principal fator preditivo de melhor sobrevida foi a presença de resposta a quimioterapia pré TCTH (p=0,0095) e hemoglobina maior que 10g/dL ao diagnóstico (p=0,0229). A mortalidade relacionada ao procedimento até o centésimo dia após o TCTH foi de 3,74%, e a principal causa de mortalidade tardia após TCTH foi a recidiva da doença / The study enrolled 106 patients with classic Hodgkin disease (HD) refractory or relapsed after initial treatment who underwent to autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) between April 1993 and December 2007. Median age was 28 years and 55 (51,9%) patients were male. Ninety three (87,6%) of patients were white. All patients underwent to conventional chemotherapy protocols prior HSCT. The use of MOPP, ABVD protocols and their associations were used in 97 (91,5%) of the patients. Disease classification was done according to the response to initial treatment and comprised 38,1% refractory and 61,9% responsive patients. In the group of responsive, 54 (85%) patients were in second complete remission. High dose chemotherapy prior HSCT was done as salvage in 45 (42,4%) patients. Stem cell mobilization was done after cyclophosphamide 120mg/kg divided in two days. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) 617 mcg/kg was given after cyclophosphamide in 83 (78%) patients. Twenty five (22%) patients failed the mobilization and stem cell harvest was done by bone marrow aspirations. The median number of CD34 collected was 2.6 x 106/L. Preparative regimen mostly used comprised BEAM and CVB and no differences was observed in overall survival (p=0.17). Median time to engraftment was 12 days. Median time of follow-up was 56.4 months. The overall survival (OS) was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method and was 86% and 70% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. In the univariate analysis, response to initial treatment (p=0.009) and hemoglobin greater than 10g/dL at the time of diagnosis (p=0.02) were factors that influenced better OS. The gender, stage of disease and presence of bulky disease were not significant regarding OS in the univariate analysis. Treatment-related mortality (TRM) in 100-days was 3.74%. The major cause of late mortality was relapse of the disease

INTRODUÇÃO: Os linfomas B atualmente podem ser agrupados de acordo semelhanças moleculares e imunoistoquímicas com o linfócito do centro germinativo (CG) ou linfócito ativado (LA/pós CG), sendo este de pior prognóstico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a expressão de CD10, BCL-6 e MUM1 em pacientes portadores de LBPM e correlacionar com prognóstico. MÉTODOS: análise retrospectiva das variáveis clínicas e de tratamento de 44 pacientes portadores de LBPM. Estudo imunoistoquímico de CD10, BCL-6 e MUM1 em 29 pacientes com material disponível. RESULTADOS: idade mediana foi de 28 anos e 70% eram do sexo feminino. A positividade para CD10, BCL-6 e MUM1 foi de: 24%, 65% e 58%. De acordo com o modelo de Hans, 38% foi classificado como CG e 62% como pós CG. A sobrevida global em 5 anos e sobrevida livre de doença foi de 47% e 81%, respectivamente. Resposta Completa após quimioterapia de primeira linha (p=0,0001), radioterapia de mediastino (p=0,004) e IPI (0,039) tiveram associação com a sobrevida. A positividade para MUM1 esteve associado a pior sobrevida global (p=0,014). Aplicando o modelo de Hans não foi observada nenhuma associação com sobrevida. Na análise multivariada apenas Resposta (RR 4,28 (IC 95% 1,3-13,6) e MUM1 (RR 3,54 (1,1-11,5) correlacionaram com a sobrevida. CONCLUSÃO: Para este grupo de pacientes com características clínicas homogêneas, resposta completa e expressão de MUM1 estiveram associados à sobrevida. A classificação deste linfoma em CG e pós-CG utilizando CD10, BCL-6 e MUM1 não se correlacionou com evolução. Estudos futuros com casuística maior são necessários para melhor definir os fatores prognósticos do LBPM / INTRODUCTION: Primary Mediastinal Large B Cell Lymphoma (PMLBCL) is a distinct clinico-pathologic entity that differs from other Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphomas (DLBCL). Classification of DLBCL in GC and post-GC according can identify two subgroups of lymphomas with distinct prognosis. The aim of this study is to analyze the expression of CD10, BCL-6 and MUM1 in PMLBCL and correlate with prognosis. METHODS: retrospective analysis of clinical variables of 44 patients with PMLBCL and expression of CD10, BCL- 6 and MUM1 in 29 patients with available tissue. RESULTS: median age was 28 years and 70% of the patients were female. CD10, BCL-6 and MUM1 was positive in 24%, 65% and 58%, respectively. According to Hans classification, 38% were classified as GC and 62% as post-GC. Five year OS and DFS was 47% and 81%, respectively. In univariate analysis Complete Response (p=0.0001), Radiation therapy (p=0.004), IPI (0.039), and MUM1 expression (0.014) correlated with OS. No correlation was seen with Hans classification and survival. CONCLUSION: for this group of patients with homogeneous clinical features, response to therapy and MUM1 expression were associated with prognosis. The Hans algorithm proposed for aggressive lymphomas was not a predictive tool for survival in PMLBCL. Further studies are necessary to validate our finding and identify better prognostic variable for PMLBCL

Foram analisados 106 pacientes portadores de Linfoma de Hodgkin (LH) com recidiva da doença ou refratários ao tratamento inicial que foram submetidos ao transplante autólogo de células tronco hematopoiéticas (TCTH), na ordem consecutiva de sua realização, entre o mês de abril de 1993 a dezembro de 2007 em um único Centro Brasileiro: o Serviço de Transplante de Medula Óssea da FMUSP. O grupo teve a mediana etária de 28 anos, 55 pacientes (51,9%) eram do sexo masculino e houve predomínio da raça branca (87,6%). A mediana de seguimento clínico foi de 56,4 meses. Todos pacientes foram submetidos no pré TCTH a protocolos de tratamento convencionais, sendo que o uso dos protocolos MOPP, ABVD e sua associação foram utilizados em 97 pacientes (91,5%). Os pacientes foram classificados, de acordo com a resposta ao tratamento utilizado antes do TCTH, sendo 38,1% considerados refratários e 61,9% responsivos. Dos responsivos, 54 pacientes estavam em segunda remissão completa (85%). Tratamento com quimioterapia em alta dose pré TCTH foi feito em 45 (42,4%) dos pacientes (salvamento). A mobilização das células tronco hematopoiéticas foi realizada com ciclofosfamida 120 mg/kg dividida em dois dias seguido de fator estimulador de colônias de granulócitos (G-CSF) na dose de 6 a 17 mcg/kg em 83 (78%) pacientes. Em 25 pacientes (22%) houve falha de mobilização e a coleta foi realizada por múltiplas punções da medula óssea em centro cirúrgico. O valor mediano de células CD 34 coletadas foi de 2,6 x 106 células CD34/Kg de peso do paciente. Os condicionamentos mais utilizados foram BEAM e CVB, e não se encontrou diferença na sobrevida em relação ao regime empregado (p=0,17). A mediana de enxertia das células transplantadas foi de 12 dias. A sobrevida global após o TCTH pelo método de Kaplan-Meier foi, respectivamente, de 86% e 70% aos 5 e 10 anos. Não influenciaram a sobrevida na análise univariada o sexo, o estadio da doença e a presença de massa tumoral extensa. O principal fator preditivo de melhor sobrevida foi a presença de resposta a quimioterapia pré TCTH (p=0,0095) e hemoglobina maior que 10g/dL ao diagnóstico (p=0,0229). A mortalidade relacionada ao procedimento até o centésimo dia após o TCTH foi de 3,74%, e a principal causa de mortalidade tardia após TCTH foi a recidiva da doença / The study enrolled 106 patients with classic Hodgkin disease (HD) refractory or relapsed after initial treatment who underwent to autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) between April 1993 and December 2007. Median age was 28 years and 55 (51,9%) patients were male. Ninety three (87,6%) of patients were white. All patients underwent to conventional chemotherapy protocols prior HSCT. The use of MOPP, ABVD protocols and their associations were used in 97 (91,5%) of the patients. Disease classification was done according to the response to initial treatment and comprised 38,1% refractory and 61,9% responsive patients. In the group of responsive, 54 (85%) patients were in second complete remission. High dose chemotherapy prior HSCT was done as salvage in 45 (42,4%) patients. Stem cell mobilization was done after cyclophosphamide 120mg/kg divided in two days. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) 617 mcg/kg was given after cyclophosphamide in 83 (78%) patients. Twenty five (22%) patients failed the mobilization and stem cell harvest was done by bone marrow aspirations. The median number of CD34 collected was 2.6 x 106/L. Preparative regimen mostly used comprised BEAM and CVB and no differences was observed in overall survival (p=0.17). Median time to engraftment was 12 days. Median time of follow-up was 56.4 months. The overall survival (OS) was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method and was 86% and 70% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. In the univariate analysis, response to initial treatment (p=0.009) and hemoglobin greater than 10g/dL at the time of diagnosis (p=0.02) were factors that influenced better OS. The gender, stage of disease and presence of bulky disease were not significant regarding OS in the univariate analysis. Treatment-related mortality (TRM) in 100-days was 3.74%. The major cause of late mortality was relapse of the disease