This research initiative attempts to empirically determine, with reality-based evidence from un-biased sources, the cost disadvantage, energy advantage, and expected pay-back period associated with building an above-code residence in Victoria, BC. In addition, this initiative created a much-needed benchmark for contractors to gain a firm understanding of the construction details required to achieve the various levels of the “Step-Code” in the newest edition of the BCBC. It was important to gain this information specific to Victoria B.C. to make an appropriate estimation of the actual “cost challenge” for building above code in the local housing market. This was accomplished through: a simulated tendering process with local contractors, an energy analysis of a case-study residence with the same floor plan, and an in-depth study into the variables governing time-to-amortization. The contractors provided quotes for an “above code” residence (ACR), and a minimum-code residence (MCR) with the same floor plan. The results were then compared to the as-built construction costs of the residence. When compared to the MCR, it was found that the ACR has a cost-disadvantage of approximately 22.5% ($74,400), an energy advantage of 22.5 kWh/m2/yr , and a payback period of over 79 years when a fuel inflation rate of 2% is considered. However, many of the components in the ACR assemblies were either for aesthetic appeal (metal-roofing), or comfort (floor-cavity insulation), and therefore it was possible to reduce the cost-disadvantage to just 2.1% ($7,759), while maintaining an energy advantage of 15kWh/m2/yr and step-level 3 designation. This was dubbed the hybrid-residence (HR) as it employed a combination of above-code and minimum-code construction assemblies. The HR has a pay-back period of approximately 16 years when the same inflation rate is expected in the price of fuel. / Graduate

1 ÚVOD ......................................................................................................................................................... 2 1 BYTOVÉ SPOLUVLASTNICTVÍ .............................................................................................. 3 1 BYTOVÉ SPOLUVLASTNICTVÍ .............................................................................................. 3 1.1 STRUČNÝ NÁHLED DO VÝVOJE BYTOVÉHO SPOLUVLASTNICTVÍ ........................................ 3 1.2 SOUČASNÁ KONCEPCE BYTOVÉHO SPOLUVLASTNICTVÍ ...................................................... 5 1.3 KLÍČOVÉ POJMY BYTOVÉHO SPOLUVLASTNICTVÍ A JEJICH VYMEZENÍ .............................. 8 1.3.1 Jednotka.............................................................................................................................. 8 1.3.2 Byt, nebytový prostor, dům .............................................................................................. 9 1.3.3 Společné části .................................................................................................................. 10 1.4 VZNIK JEDNOTKY .................................................................................................................. 13 1.4.1...

The aim of thesis is to propose a sales system of new preparing residential project "Vítkovka" and assess its feasibility. The theoretical part defines the use of methodological apparatus, describe general characteristics of development activities, its history and ongoing processes on residential development. The analytic part focuses on description of the project and its surroundings, elementary business plan, competitive analysis, SWOT analysis and designing a sales system of development project. The conclusion summarizes the findings and makes recommendations whether to implement the project and which system of sales unit to use.

Throughout human history, people have migrated from one area to another for many reasons, including searching for better economic, political or other conditions that are assumed to improve the human standard of living (Kotkin 2016:6; United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs 2014). Migration to urban areas has increased over the past century, and is only expected to continue doing so. In 2016, 54% of earth’s human population lived within urban areas, making it the largest urban population ever to occur on the planet (Brenner & Schmidt 2014:733; United Nations Population Fund 2014). A 2013 study by El Din, Shalaby, Farouh and Elariane states that, with more of the human population residing in urban areas than in the past, studies around human life in urban areas are more significant and necessary for the sake of increasing knowledge bases for the development of sustainable human environments (El Din et al. 2013:87, 88). Architects and urban planners focus on improving the quality of life of the end users of their designs at a contextual level, which in turn is beneficial as a good quality of life is considered to be one of the most important aspects for sustainable urban development (Othman, Aird & Buys 2015:22). Over the past 15 years there has been a knowledge shift towards global parameters for measurement of quality of life that are not uniform or based solely on economic indicators, but rather are developed so that these indicators can be used to measure quality of life at a contextual level in order to supply informative data and results (United Nations Population Fund 2016; Vermuni & Costanza 2006:124). There are contextual differences, similarities and variations for the definition of a good quality of life between the large urban areas in the developed world as well as in countries within the Global South, which contains the majority of the world’s Third World countries (Rigg 2007:8-10). With the global continuation of the urbanisation of the human population in different contexts, along with the migration of individuals between different parts of the world, urban planners and architects are challenged to design spaces that provide good quality of life within any urban context for an end user coming from any urban or rural context. This study seeks to investigate the means of assessing quality of life in residential spaces of end users who share similar values in terms of quality of life, but will be studied in three varied urban contexts, namely Zimbabwe, South Africa and the United Kingdom. Zimbabwe, is classified as a Low Income country by the United Nations Department of Economics and Social Affairs (2014), has experienced high levels of migration out of the country over the past 16 years (Humphris 2010), with the highest number of migrations into South Africa, which is classified as an Upper Middle Income Country, and the United Kingdom, classified as a High Income country (United Nations Department of Economics and Social Affairs 2014). This research paper seeks to measure and compare quality of life in the homes of Zimbabweans in the three contexts mentioned above, in order to gauge what aspects of residential design impact positively or negatively on the end user’s quality of life. / Mini Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2017. / Architecture / MSc Applied Sciences in Architecture / Unrestricted

The main aim of this study is the residential stability of the population in Prague suburban locality Říčany. The residential stability was studied in six localities of Říčany which varied according to the type of housing. Description of differences among the selected locations of Říčany can improve the development of similar localities in Prague suburban zone. Residential stability of people depends on factors that can affect it and it is necessary to include all these factors in the analysis. The most significant factor is residential satisfaction with the quality of housing. Qualitative research methods: were used primarily for this analysis: questionnaire survey and interviews with residents of selected localities. The results showed that the city Říčany rather belong to unstable residential communities in Prague suburban zone. Residential instability of the inhabitants is significantly influenced by dissatisfaction with their housing, but very important aspects are also age and life-cycle stages of the respondents. Field survey did not confirm any significant differences between the selected locations, but rather among the types of housing.

As a result of developments, domestic usage of smart appliances by homeowners is increasing drastically. Clustering these appliances together and making them function as an efficient system defines a new place to live or new way of living called a “smart home”. While a smart home provides comfort to homeowners, realizing a smart home involves many technical and business oriented hurdles to be crossed. The primary goal of this thesis work is to design and evaluate the design of a residential gateway. This gateway should be designed as a standardized, secure, open source, hardware independent, and interoperable Residential Gateway. A service-oriented architecture is proposed using the OSGi framework to design the residential gateway and its individual components. These components include an access control component for homeowner authorization, a resource management component for managing connected devices, an automation component to realize an automation service, and finally a context component to provide context aware services to the homeowner. The final design proposed tries to solve the issues faced by some automation systems that are available in market. The evaluation of the design includes whether the design satisfies the basic requirements for a home gateway. This is followed by a comparison with existing systems with an emphasis on the improved features. The components proposed in the design could be used to construct a residential gateway that supports multiple services and multiple users. The proposed design will be taken into consideration during the design of Acreo’s home automation system. / Som en följd av utvecklingen inom vetenskap och teknik så har användningen av smarta lösningar i hushållen ökat drastiskt. Att samla dessa apparater och få dem att fungera tillsammans som ett effektivt system, skapar ett nytt hem och ett nytt sätt att leva: ett smart hem. Å ena sidan så ger smartare lösningar ett bekvämare boende, men å andra sidan innebär det också många tekniska och affärsinriktade hinder att ta sig över. Det primära målet med denna avhandling är att utforma en bostadsgateway som är att utforma en standardiserad, säker, open source, maskinvaruoberoende, interoperabel Residential Gateway. En serviceorienterad arkitektur föreslås med hjälp av OSGi-ramverket för utformning av bostadsgateway-komponenter. Komponenterna innefattar behörighetskontroll för husägare för tillgångskontroll, resurshanteringskomponenter för hantering av anslutna enheter, automationskomponent för att inkludera automationstjänst och slutligen kontextkomponent för att tillhandahålla kontextbevakad tjänster till husägaren. Den slutliga designen som föreslås försöker lösa de problem som vissa automationssystem som finns på marknaden står inför. Utvärderingen av konstruktionen med grundläggande krav för att bygga hemgateways och med befintliga system ger information om de improviserade funktionerna. De komponenter som föreslås i konstruktionen kan användas för att bygga en bostadsgateway som stöder flera tjänster och flera användare. Den föreslagna konstruktionen kommer att beaktas vid utformningen av Acreos hemautomatiseringssystem.

<p> Residential stress is a key concept within residential mobility studies. Considerable research, in the past, has been devoted to the task of actually measuring, and quantifying residential stress. </p> <p> Many factors which affect residential stress have been outlined, however, the absolute effect of these factors, and their relative strengths are not known. Many suggest that this is mainly due to the fact that previous research designs have not provided adequate control over extraneous variance, there by preventing the isolation of the effects of individual factors. </p> <p> The body of literature in residential mobility studies exhibits this apparent lack of methodological rigidity through the occurrence of certain inconsistencies in the literature. An example of such an inconsistency deals with the relationship between length of residence and residential stress. studies have been done which actually support the "cumulative inertia hypothesis", that is stress decreases with increasing length of residence, while others have provided evidence for the "cumulative stress hypothesis", that is, stress increases with increasing length of residence. </p> <p> The present study is designed around the recognition of the need to develop and implement a methodology that would alleviate the seemingly contradictory findings presented in the mobility literature. The problem being addressed is to establish the separate and joint effects of life cycle stage and length of residence on residential stress, these being two factors identified in past studies as potentially important determinants of stress. The main findings of the study were that both life cycle stage, and length of residence have significant separate effects on residential stress. Also, when length of residence was introduced as a covariate with life cycle stage in an analysis of covariance, the variation in stress explained by life cycle stage decreased substantially, with length of residence having the greater predictive power. </p> / Thesis / Bachelor of Arts (BA)

No description available.

In 2016, the European commission started an investigation with the intention of finding a strategy on how to direct capital towards sustainable investments. This investigation resulted in a framework that contributed with guidelines and key recommendations to different actors within the financial system. These guidelines and recommendations were then followed by a direct action-plan, in which it was emphasized that a harmonized and clear definition of sustainability was necessary to sufficiently apply these propositions on EU basis. Thus, the proposal of the EU Taxonomy (European Commission, 2018b). The new institutional regulation has created certain concerns within the construction and real estate sector, where actors indicate that some or several of the economic activities within the sector might face certain challenges in becoming Taxonomy aligned. As the EU Taxonomy has recently been disclosed, there is still little existing research associated with the new regulation and its potential impact on actors within the market. This study therefore aims to contribute to this research gap by studying the potential challenges companies within the construction- and real estate sector, namely residential developing companies, are facing when the EU Taxonomy enters legislation. This study has been conducted in accordance with a qualitative method, using semi-structured interviews to collect data. Targeted participants in the study have been industry employees within the positions of development managers, sustainable managers, and financial managers, or similar, this to get a grasp of the three important perspectives that relates to the implementation of the EU Taxonomy: the technical-, organizational- and economic perspective.Based on the result of this study there are some identified factors that may cause certain challenges for the residential developer when practically implementing the technical screening criteria outlined in the EU Taxonomy. These factors are associated with residential developers' previous experience of certain sustainable measures, the complex nature of implementing sustainable measures in construction projects and the formation of the EU Taxonomy itself. The challenges facing the residential developer is therefore derived to be both the challenge of understanding the criteria outlined in the new regulation, just as well as realizing these criteriain practice. / År 2016 inledde Europeiska kommissionen en utredning med avsikt att hitta en strategi för hur man riktar kapital mot hållbara investeringar. Undersökningen resulterade i ett ramverk som bidrog med riktlinjer och viktiga rekommendationer till olika aktörer inom det finansiella systemet. Dessa riktlinjer och rekommendationer följdes därefter av en direkt handlingsplan, där det betonades att en harmoniserad och tydlig definition av hållbarhet var nödvändig för att i tillräcklig utsträckning tillämpa dessa förslag på EU basis. Från detta växte förslaget till EU:s nya Taxonomi fram (Europeiska kommissionen, 2018b). Den nya institutionella förordningen har skapat viss oro inom fastighetsbranschen, där aktörer indikerar att flera av de ekonomiska aktiviteterna inom sektorn kan möta viss utmaning vidimplementeringen av de presenterade kriterierna. Eftersom EU:s Taxonomi nyligen har framtagits finns det fortfarande lite existerande forskning relaterat till förordningen samt dess potentiella inverkan på marknadens aktörer. Denna studie syftar därför till att bidra till ökad förståelse för EU:s nya Taxonomi, detta genom att studera potentiella utmaningar som företag inom fastighetsbranschen, närmare bestämt bostadsutvecklingsföretag, står inför när EU:s nyaTaxonomi träder i kraft. Studien genomfördes enligt en kvalitativ metod med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Deltagare i studien har varit utvecklingschefer, hållbarhetschefer och ekonomichefer, eller anställda med liknande positioner inom fastighetsbranschen. Urvalen syftar till att få en förståelse för de tre viktiga perspektiven som rör implementeringen av EU:s nya Taxonomi nämligen det tekniska, organisatoriska- och ekonomiska perspektivet. Resultatet av denna studie visar på ett flertal faktorer som kan orsaka utmaningar för bostadsutvecklaren vid implementeringen av EU:s nya Taxonomi. Dessa faktorer relaterar bland annat till bostadsutvecklares tidigare kunskap och erfarenhet av olika hållbarhetsåtgärder, bostadsutvecklingsprojekts komplexa natur samt utformningen av Taxonomin. De utmaningar som bostadsutvecklaren står inför är således både utmaningen att förstå de kriterier som anges i den nya förordningen, liksom att realisera dessa kriterier i praktiken.

<p>This thesis examines the relationship between migration, residential location, and commute distance within Toronto‟s commuter shed. The study utilizes data from the master file of the 2006 Canadian Census. This master file contains the previous residential locations of recent migrants, thus allowing migrants to be disaggregated by duration of residence. Multivariate regressions indicate that living in the most accessible rural areas and being a recent migrant are significantly associated with longer commutes. Furthermore, the Canadian Census distinguishes between those who migrated in the year immediately prior to the Census, and those who migrated one to five-years prior to the Census date. Findings demonstrate that the commute distance of very recent migrants (those who migrated in the year immediately prior to the census) have the longest commute distances. As residential duration increases, commute distance decreases.</p> / Master of Arts (MA)