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Despite increasing levels of military spending and a growing number of recurring conflicts, research has until now failed to consider the impact of arms transfers on the durability of peace. Investigating the recurrence of conflicts allows us to delve deeper into the enduring impact of arms transfers, shedding light on whether weapons induce, suppress, or merely postpone conflict relapse. This thesis studies the impact of post-conflict arms transfers on the likelihood of conflict recurrence, hypothesizing that the effect is conditional on the outcome of the previous conflict. By conducting a multinomial logistic regression analysis, the initial results of this study imply that post-conflict arms transfers can have a stabilizing effect, regardless of whether the initial conflict ended in a military victory or a negotiated settlement. However, a closer analysis of results implies that the advantages and disadvantages of arms transfers are highly contextual and depend on a series of factors that may fuel or contain violence.

No / This volume explores in close detail the events and factors leading up to the second Gulf War in 2003 and considers whether war with Iraq was inevitable. Nick Ritchie and Paul Rogers argue that after the election of George W. Bush, conflict between Iraq and the United States was probable, and that after 9/11 it became virtually inevitable. They begin by setting the story of Iraq, Bush and 9/11 within the broader context of the importance of the Persian Gulf to enduring US national security interests and go on to examine the intense politicking that surrounded the conflict and still reverberates today. The authors examine US policy towards Iraq at the end of the Clinton administration, the opposition in Congress and Washington's conservative think tanks to Clinton's strategy of containment, and the evolution of Iraq policy during the first eight months of the Bush presidency and the growing pressure for regime change. They also explore the immediate focus on Iraq after the attacks of September 11 that marked a watershed in US national security policy and chart the construction of the case against Iraq through 2002 and the administration's determination to end Saddam Hussein's regime at all costs. The Political Road to War with Iraq will be of great interest to all students and scholars of US foreign policy, war and peace studies and international relations.

It is now more than two years since the new Civil Code (OZ), which unified the previous predominantly two-way regulation of the discharge of obligations in one single codex, became effective. As a follow-up to this legally significant event, the focus of my PhD thesis (dissertation) has been on analyzing the resulting changes in comparison with the foregoing legal regulation of the Civil Code and the Commercial Code, including a deliberation on whether such changes have been positive or, alternatively, whether the new regulation can be reproached for certain shortcomings. Although the regulation of OZ which deals with the termination of obligations due to unilateral legal act (such as satisfaction/fulfillment of an obligation (in Czech: "splnění"), deposition in court custody (in Czech: "složení do soudní úschovy"), withdrawal from a contract (in Czech: "odstoupení od smlouvy"), contract cancellation fee (in Czech: "odstupné"), cancellation/termination of a contract by a notice of cancellation/termination (in Czech: "výpověď smlouvy"), and unilateral set-off (in Czech: "jednostranné započtení")) mostly follows up the preceding regulation, it also introduces certain new elements. These new elements evidently intended both to remove certain issues of smaller relevance resulting from the current...

An abortion, be it induced or spontaneous, can be a traumatic experience in the life of a woman and her family. Women can use abortion as a method of family planning or to end an unwanted pregnancy. On the contrary there are women who wish to have children of their own, but experience spontaneous abortion or recurrent abortion. When women go through an abortion they may experience different dimensions of side effects and symptoms. The women may experience physical symptoms such as blood loss, pain and sepsis as well as psychological symptoms such as despair, depression and grief. Studies indicate that women who have abortions do not receive the care that they require and are in need of high quality care. There is a need for a systematic synthesis of the best available evidence regarding interventions for nursing practitioners. This can be used to inform practice. This research study aim to critically review and synthesise best available evidence regarding the best nursing practices for women who have an abortion. This was done by conducting a thorough step-by-step systematic review with the following objectives: to critically review available research evidence on abortion care and to synthesise best practices for abortion care provided by nurses. This study can provide nursing practitioners with the necessary information about the best available evidence regarding abortion care provided by nurses. The information can be used to increase and improve the nursing practitioner’s knowledge and to promote and enhance future questions and research. Through the step-by-step use of the systematic review after a thorough search and screening of potentially relevant studies on nurses providing abortion care according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the critical appraisal and data extraction of nine final relevant studies could be used for data analysis and synthesis. Conclusion statements were drawn and later combined and synthesised, graded and evaluated to provide the current best available evidence. The research was evaluated, limitations identified and recommendations made for nursing practice, nursing education and nursing research. The overall conclusion that can be drawn is there is not enough sufficient evidence to demonstrate that abortion care such as contraceptive counselling and/or psychological follow-up care provided by nurses and/or midwives before and after an induced or spontaneous abortion is sufficient and effective in reducing recurrent abortions, reducing despair, depression and grief and improving psychological consequences and increasing contraceptive usage. More research must be done on abortion nursing care. / MCur, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

An abortion, be it induced or spontaneous, can be a traumatic experience in the life of a woman and her family. Women can use abortion as a method of family planning or to end an unwanted pregnancy. On the contrary there are women who wish to have children of their own, but experience spontaneous abortion or recurrent abortion. When women go through an abortion they may experience different dimensions of side effects and symptoms. The women may experience physical symptoms such as blood loss, pain and sepsis as well as psychological symptoms such as despair, depression and grief. Studies indicate that women who have abortions do not receive the care that they require and are in need of high quality care. There is a need for a systematic synthesis of the best available evidence regarding interventions for nursing practitioners. This can be used to inform practice. This research study aim to critically review and synthesise best available evidence regarding the best nursing practices for women who have an abortion. This was done by conducting a thorough step-by-step systematic review with the following objectives: to critically review available research evidence on abortion care and to synthesise best practices for abortion care provided by nurses. This study can provide nursing practitioners with the necessary information about the best available evidence regarding abortion care provided by nurses. The information can be used to increase and improve the nursing practitioner’s knowledge and to promote and enhance future questions and research. Through the step-by-step use of the systematic review after a thorough search and screening of potentially relevant studies on nurses providing abortion care according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the critical appraisal and data extraction of nine final relevant studies could be used for data analysis and synthesis. Conclusion statements were drawn and later combined and synthesised, graded and evaluated to provide the current best available evidence. The research was evaluated, limitations identified and recommendations made for nursing practice, nursing education and nursing research. The overall conclusion that can be drawn is there is not enough sufficient evidence to demonstrate that abortion care such as contraceptive counselling and/or psychological follow-up care provided by nurses and/or midwives before and after an induced or spontaneous abortion is sufficient and effective in reducing recurrent abortions, reducing despair, depression and grief and improving psychological consequences and increasing contraceptive usage. More research must be done on abortion nursing care. / MCur, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the contributory factors to the high teenage pregnancy rate within a district hospital in the Ehlanzeni district of the Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. Quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive and exploratory research was conducted to explore the contributory factors to the high teenage pregnancy rate. Data collection was done using a self-designed structured interview schedule. The findings of the study supported the assumptions that there are factors related to biography, individual perceptions, knowledge and awareness of; and practices, perceptions regarding the use of contraception. Perceived seriousness and barriers to the use of safeguards that could have prevented pregnancy contribute to the high teenage pregnancy rate thus emphasise the need to develop strategies to prevent teenage pregnancies / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 27-30, 1997 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / This paper will investigate the areas which must be addressed to implement a truly integrated Range instrumentation system on a GPS-based Range, using a patented L-Band commanding scheme. Hardware issues will be highlighted as well the issues to be addressed in changing from an audio tone-frequency modulated command system to a digital system incorporating encryption and spread spectrum. Some thoughts addressing costs and schedule to incorporate this approach into the architecture of the U. S. Air Force Range Standardization and Automation (RSA) architecture, as a candidate GPS-based Range are also presented, as well as a discussion of the benefits to be accrued over the existing system, if this approach were adopted.

公共設施的設立雖被視為公共利益的增進，但我國公共設施閒置的現象卻也十分普遍，因而引發許多關注、爭議與批評，使閒置公共設施活化的議題，成為近年行政管理的重要目標。對此，本文的研究目標有二:首先透過政策終結的理論觀點，探討我國閒置公共設施進行活化的決定因素；其次，在確保活化目標的基礎上，更進一步探討活化過程的課責機制，以行政、法律、政治、專業等四種面向進行分析。試圖對未來的活化策略以及課責機制的精進，提供實務上之政策建議。 依據上述目標，本研究以行政院公共工程委員會104年第三季的113個列管案件為分析對象，透過系統性的文獻分析與整理，以及利害關係人的深度訪談進行實證研究。由研究結果可知，法律障礙、經濟成本與心理抗拒等三項因素，是誘發我國閒置公共設施選擇進行全面活化的主要因素；而若從活化執行過程的課責機制面向來看，行政課責與政治課責是亟待改進之處。 最後，依據研究成果，本文提出之研究建議包含：（一）強化機關的政策評估能力：在公共建設計畫的編審作業階段嚴格要求成本效益分析、環境影響評估的執行，以強化計畫與人民需求之間的連結；（二）納入公民參與機制：透過公聽會、座談會的舉行，瞭解人民需求，確保政府決策的公開透明，並強化政府與人民間的信任關係；（三）建立適當的退場機制：針對區位不佳或活化成本過高的列管案件，給予適度的法規鬆綁，以避免閒置公共設施的再次閒置。 / Although public facilities are built to promote public interest, idle public facilities are everywhere in Taiwan. This so-called “mosquito houses” phenomena have gotten public attention to cast doubts on government effectiveness. In response, government activates a new program to reinventing idle public facilities. This research is design to explore the factors through which government implements the reinventing program. Under the guidance of policy termination and accountability theories, this study explores the mechanism of accountability behind the reinventing program in four dimensions, included political accountability, bureaucratic accountability, legal accountability and professional accountability. This research is expected to provide theoretical answers and practical suggestion to enhance the reinventing program as well as the mechanism of accountability behind public facilities construction decisions. This research utilizes government documents to analyze 113 “mosquito house” cases monitored by Public Construction Commission, Executive Yuan as well as literature review and in-depth interviews. The results indicate that, the legal obstacles, economic costs and the psychological reluctance, were the decisive factors to lead to the activation of reinventing program. As for the accountability, it would be urgent to improve the mechanism of administrative accountability and political accountability. Lastly, this study could provide three main practical suggestions as follows: (1) Strengthening the capacity of policy assessment in government, (2) bringing in the citizen participation (3) Building a mechanism of public facility termination.