This thesis examines the legal regulation of the competitive behavior of employees with the emphasis on non-competition clause. This thesis aims to critically evaluate the status of the current legislation regarding the non-compete clauses and suggest what changes should be made in order to the non-compete clause would be used effectively and fulfill its purpose. The thesis analyzes in detail the historical development of non-competition clauses in the Czech republic and further explores this institute in the light of current legislation, case law and expert opinions. It also compares the legislation of this clause in four foreing countries - France, Great Britain, Germany and Slovakia. Finally, this thesis shows how non-comptete clauses are used in practice and if employers believe in their effectiveness as a tool for the protection of know-how.

Non-compete clauses and similar arrangements This diploma thesis is concerned with contractual arrangements between the employee and the employer restricting the employee from a certain action after the termination of his employment with the employer. The aim of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive overview of non-compete clauses and similar arrangements in labour law, to define their shortcomings and to evaluate the current legal framework and the future applicability of such arrangements in the Czech labour law. The thesis mainly describes the institute of restrictive covenants, consisting of non-compete clauses, non-disclosure agreements and non-solicitation clauses, for which it often uses foreign legislation as sources of inspiration. In order to fulfil these goals, the thesis is divided into three chapters, which are subsequently divided into subchapters. The first chapter is devoted to the history and development of non-compete clauses in the Czech Republic. The subchapters are divided chronologically, with the essential part being devoted to the period from the establishment of the independent Czech Republic to the date of effectiveness of the current Labour Code. The regulation of the non-compete clause reflected in the Labour Code is examined in the second chapter of the diploma...

Submitted by Alexandre David Santos (alexandreds@aasp.org.br) on 2016-11-21T19:52:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO FINAL REVISADA BANCA 21-11-2016 (4).pdf: 1265327 bytes, checksum: a0b9262d026be7dd76e39a4bd0856453 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Renata de Souza Nascimento (renata.souza@fgv.br) on 2016-11-21T20:09:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO FINAL REVISADA BANCA 21-11-2016 (4).pdf: 1265327 bytes, checksum: a0b9262d026be7dd76e39a4bd0856453 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-22T11:44:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO FINAL REVISADA BANCA 21-11-2016 (4).pdf: 1265327 bytes, checksum: a0b9262d026be7dd76e39a4bd0856453 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-03 / The topic of this paper is the relationship between the franchiser and the franchisee. Our goal is to explore the non-compete clauses to unveil how they are being adopted and applied by main franchisors in Brazil; finding its thresholds. Despite the system's maturity, we are living with the legal franchising framework for more than 20 years. From a legal point of view and technical quality of the franchise agreements, we still have a lot to evolve. The study and development of non- compete clauses can improve the franchising system. In this world, franchisors are business players and agreement developers and non-compete clauses that are most the times abusive, generic and subject to relativization by the judge, thus generating uncertainty in business relations between the parties. The role of the non-compete clause is to is to safeguard the franchisor, responsible for the business creation and development, know-how, production techniques and management templates have to be safeguarded, mostly from the ones interested in taking advantage and getting such expertise, after a short relationship with the franchisor. The relationship between the franchiser and the franchisee is rich and conducive to facilitating the franchisee entrepreneur - sometimes inexperienced in that activity - access to the know-how of the activity and means of trade specific business organization, the franchise object. Please note that the transfer of know-how is an immaterial element, key to the development of the activity of the franchise business. In this paper, our questioning turns to the possibility of preventing the use of know-how and activity developed by the former franchisee at the end of the contractual relationship in complex and specific contexts. The review of the ten franchising agreements corresponding to fifty percent of current industries is revealing. All non-compete clauses have worrying technical deficiencies. We noted the lack of key, strategic and efficiency requirements, which can mean the relativization or invalidity of non-compete clauses and as result, legal uncertainty. As practical solutions we present the proposed modulation of non-compete clauses by the essential, strategic and efficiency requirements, creating two different classes as a means to provide legal certainty for franchising agreements. We propose the revision of the legal franchising landmark. / Este trabalho tem como tema a relação entre franqueador e franqueado. Nosso objetivo é explorar as cláusulas de não concorrência para revelar como estão sendo utilizadas e aplicadas pelos principais franqueadores no Brasil; identificar seus limites. Em que pese a maturidade do sistema, estamos há mais de 20 anos convivendo com o marco legal do franchising. Do ponto de vista jurídico e de qualidade técnica dos contratos de franquia, ainda precisamos evoluir. O estudo e o desenvolvimento das cláusulas de não concorrência podem contribuir para o aprimoramento do sistema de franchising. Nesse universo, os franqueadores são os protagonistas dos negócios e desenvolvedores dos contratos e das cláusulas de não concorrência que, às vezes, são abusivas, genéricas e sujeitas à relativização pelo julgador, gerando insegurança nas relações comerciais entre as partes. A função da cláusula não concorrencial é proteger o franqueador, responsável pela criação e desenvolvimento do negócio, o know-how, as técnicas de produção e modelos de gestão que devem ser resguardados, sobretudo de interessados em tirar proveito e obter tal expertise, após breve relação com o franqueador. A relação franqueador/franqueado é rica e propícia à facilitação ao empresário franqueado – às vezes, inexperiente naquela atividade – do acesso ao know-how da atividade desenvolvida e dos meios de organização comercial específicos do negócio, objeto da franquia. Vale ressaltar que a transferência do know-how é elemento imaterial, essencial ao desenvolvimento da atividade da franquia empresarial. Neste trabalho, nosso questionamento se volta para a possibilidade do impedimento da utilização do know-how e da atividade desenvolvida pelo ex-franqueado ao término da relação contratual em contextos complexos e específicos. A análise dos dez contratos de franquia que representam cinquenta por cento dos atuais segmentos do setor é reveladora. Todas as cláusulas de não concorrência possuem preocupantes deficiências técnicas. Constatamos a ausência de requisitos essenciais, estratégicos e de eficiência, o que pode significar a relativização ou nulidade das cláusulas de não concorrência e, consequentemente, insegurança jurídica. Como soluções práticas apresentamos a proposta de modulação das cláusulas de não concorrência por meio dos requisitos essenciais, estratégicos e de eficiência, criando duas classes distintas como forma de proporcionar segurança jurídica aos contratos de franquia. Propomos a revisão do marco legal do franchising.

Dans notre monde actuel, les entreprises utilisent, pour se prémunir de toute atteinte et protéger au maximum leurs intérêts économiques, des techniques contractuelles élaborées par la pratique telles que les clauses de non-concurrence, les clauses de confidentialité, les clauses de non-réaffiliation et les clauses de non sollicitation.Ces clauses occupent de multiples champs de l’activité contractuelle en mêlant le droit des contrats, le droit des affaires et le droit du travail. Elles visent à interdire au cocontractant, d’exercer une activité professionnelle, de divulguer des informations secrètes, ou encore d’embaucher certains collaborateurs. Ainsi, elles viennent limiter une liberté fondamentale, plus spécialement la liberté du commerce et de l’industrie. Dès lors, il semble nécessaire d’élaborer un régime juridique commun à toutes ces clauses afin de préserver d’un coté la protection de l’activité économique des entreprises et de l’autre la sauvegarde de la liberté économique des contractants soumis à de telles clauses. L’intérêt d’un régime commun est d’anticiper les conditions de validité et de mise en œuvre des ce type de clauses. De cette façon, la prévisibilité ne ferait plus défaut aux contractants. L’élaboration de ce droit commun passe par deux étapes. La première est relative à l’identification des clauses limitatives de concurrence. Il s’agit de saisir leur autonomie par rapport aux contrats dans lesquels elles peuvent être insérées et d’en tirer les conséquences au niveau leur validité. La seconde est relative à la mise en œuvre de ces clauses. Leur application est délicate car dépendante pour une grande partie de la précision de leur contenu. En cas de non-respect, un vaste choix de remèdes est offert au contractant déçu pour venir sanctionner le manquement contractuel constaté. / In the modern world, to guard themselves from damage and to protect at best their economical interests, companies use contractual techniques developed by usage such as non-compete clauses,confidentiality clauses, non-reaffiliation clauses and non-solicitation clauses. These clauses cover many fields of contractual legality, mixing contract law, labor law and business law. Their aim is to prohibit the co-contractor to practice a professional activity, to disclose secret information, or even to employ specific colleagues, or contributors. Thus, they are brought to restrict a fundamental freedom, specifically the freedom of trade and of industry. As a result, it appears necessary to formulate a common legal system for all these clauses so as to preserve on one side the protection of the economic activity of the companies et on the other side the safeguard of the economic freedom of the co-contractors subject to these clauses. The benefit of a common legal system is the anticipation of the conditions of validity and implementation of this type of clause. In this way, the cocontractants will not lack in foresight. The development of this common right is in two steps. This includes confirming their autonomy relative to the contracts in which they may be inserted and draw the necessary conclusions regarding their validity. The second step is relative to the implementation of these clauses. Their application is sensitive because it depends for the most part on the precision of their content. In case of a breach of contract, a large array of legal remedies is available to the aggrieved contractor to penalize the breach of contract.