The aim of this Master´s Thesis is to analyse the way in which non-governmental organizations approach the use of the internet for fundraising. The Master´s Thesis explores attitudes of non-governmental organizations towards this medium as well as the factors that motivate these organizations to use the internet. In order to achieve the aim the author carried out qualitative research based on semi-structured interview attended by representatives of a total of ten selected non-governmental organizations. The results show that non-governmental organizations use the internet for fundraising, however there are considerable gaps in their effectiveness. Online fundraising does not entail a significant financial source. Non-governmental organizations use the internet mainly to build a relationship with their supporters. Online fundraising is therefore seen as a complement to classic fundraising methods that still dominate in case of Czech non-governmental organizations.

Αυτή η εργασία έχει σαν σκοπό να παρουσιάσει αρχικά τη Διεθνή Σύμβαση για τα Δικαιώματα των Παιδιών (για να δούμε τις προσπάθειες που έχουν γίνει παγκοσμίως όσο και ελλαδικά για την ύπαρξη νομοθετικού πλαισίου που κατοχυρώνει τα δικαιώματα των παιδιών) και σε αντιπαραβολή θα υπάρξουν αναφορές των διεθνών οργανισμών για την κατάσταση των παιδιών στην Ελλάδα αφού προηγουμένως αναφέρουμε λίγα λόγια για το έργο κάθε οργάνωσης μέχρι σήμερα. Αυτό είναι μια καλή ευκαιρία για να δούμε την ουσιαστική διαφορά που υπάρχει ανάμεσα στη θεωρεία και στην πράξη. Θα περιοριστούμε στις ανάγκες των παιδιών που ζουν στην Ελλάδα και θα προσπαθήσουμε να απεικονίσουμε την πραγματική κατάσταση όλων των παιδιών που ζουν στην Ελλάδα, ανεξάρτητα από κάθε μορφή διάκρισης που πιθανόν να αντιμετωπίζουν αυτά τα παιδιά στην ένταξη τους στην ελληνική κοινωνία. / -

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:21:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 martha.pdf: 1036399 bytes, checksum: 225f9f60dced1f6176eb32f867b2c64e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-22 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This research has as its objective of investigation the environmental Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO). It tries to clarify the modus operandi of their activities and inter-relationships with the other social actors, identifying their potentialities and limitations concerning their ability of establishing a new perception for the environmental cause. The emergency of new social actors responds to a new reconfiguration of the occidental societies, which was caused among other factors by technological development that transformed the political, economical and social spheres. These transformations, still in action, strengthened the environmental Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO), making them relevant characters in the environmental cause. These organizations develop the function of mobilizing, organizing and including the other social actors, generating a new dynamic in the contemporaneous social formations. The environmental Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) appear as a new important possibility of changing for the public areas, allowing the social cooperation and development. They tend to operate as partially responsible for the social demands, establishing, when necessary, partnerships with the State and with the private sectors of the economy. They can be generally defined as non-profit-making private organizations, which do actions of public character. In the first part of this project, the main theoretical formulations, which deal with factors that allow the emergency and protagonist role of the environmental Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO), were examined, trying to contribute to delimit in a more precise way their area of action. In a following moment, there was a research whose objectives were mapping, identifying and elucidating these actions, considering their interdependence and inter-relationship with the other social actors / Esta pesquisa tem como objeto de investigação as ONGs ambientalistas. Busca esclarecer o modus operandi de suas atividades e suas inter-relações com os demais atores sociais, identificando suas potencialidades e limitações, no que concerne à sua capacidade de estabelecer uma nova percepção para a causa ambiental. A emergência de novos atores sociais responde a uma reconfiguração das sociedades ocidentais, provocada, dentre outros fatores, pelos avanços tecnológicos, que transformaram as esferas da vida política, econômica e social. Essas transformações, ainda em curso, impulsionaram o fortalecimento das ONGs, dando-lhes um papel de destaque na causa ambiental. Essas desempenham ainda, o papel de mobilizar, organizar e incluir os demais atores, gerando uma nova dinâmica nas formações sociais contemporâneas. As ONGs ambientalistas surgem como uma nova e importante possibilidade de renovação do espaço público, possibilitando a cooperação e desenvolvimento social. Elas tendem a operar como, parcialmente responsáveis pelas demandas sociais, estabelecendo, quando necessário, parceiras com o Estado e com setores privados da economia. Podem ser definidas, em linhas gerais, como organizações privadas sem fins lucrativos, que realizam ações de caráter público. Na primeira parte desse trabalho, examinamos as principais formulações teóricas que tratam dos fatores que possibilitaram a emergência e o protagonismo das ONGs ambientalistas, buscando contribuir para a delimitação mais precisa do seu campo de ação. Num segundo momento procuramos por meio do trabalho de campo, mapear, identificar e elucidar as práticas dessas, considerando a sua interdependência e inter-relação com os demais atores sociais

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:56:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 martha.pdf: 1036399 bytes, checksum: 225f9f60dced1f6176eb32f867b2c64e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-22 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This research has as its objective of investigation the environmental Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO). It tries to clarify the modus operandi of their activities and inter-relationships with the other social actors, identifying their potentialities and limitations concerning their ability of establishing a new perception for the environmental cause. The emergency of new social actors responds to a new reconfiguration of the occidental societies, which was caused among other factors by technological development that transformed the political, economical and social spheres. These transformations, still in action, strengthened the environmental Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO), making them relevant characters in the environmental cause. These organizations develop the function of mobilizing, organizing and including the other social actors, generating a new dynamic in the contemporaneous social formations. The environmental Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) appear as a new important possibility of changing for the public areas, allowing the social cooperation and development. They tend to operate as partially responsible for the social demands, establishing, when necessary, partnerships with the State and with the private sectors of the economy. They can be generally defined as non-profit-making private organizations, which do actions of public character. In the first part of this project, the main theoretical formulations, which deal with factors that allow the emergency and protagonist role of the environmental Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO), were examined, trying to contribute to delimit in a more precise way their area of action. In a following moment, there was a research whose objectives were mapping, identifying and elucidating these actions, considering their interdependence and inter-relationship with the other social actors / Esta pesquisa tem como objeto de investigação as ONGs ambientalistas. Busca esclarecer o modus operandi de suas atividades e suas inter-relações com os demais atores sociais, identificando suas potencialidades e limitações, no que concerne à sua capacidade de estabelecer uma nova percepção para a causa ambiental. A emergência de novos atores sociais responde a uma reconfiguração das sociedades ocidentais, provocada, dentre outros fatores, pelos avanços tecnológicos, que transformaram as esferas da vida política, econômica e social. Essas transformações, ainda em curso, impulsionaram o fortalecimento das ONGs, dando-lhes um papel de destaque na causa ambiental. Essas desempenham ainda, o papel de mobilizar, organizar e incluir os demais atores, gerando uma nova dinâmica nas formações sociais contemporâneas. As ONGs ambientalistas surgem como uma nova e importante possibilidade de renovação do espaço público, possibilitando a cooperação e desenvolvimento social. Elas tendem a operar como, parcialmente responsáveis pelas demandas sociais, estabelecendo, quando necessário, parceiras com o Estado e com setores privados da economia. Podem ser definidas, em linhas gerais, como organizações privadas sem fins lucrativos, que realizam ações de caráter público. Na primeira parte desse trabalho, examinamos as principais formulações teóricas que tratam dos fatores que possibilitaram a emergência e o protagonismo das ONGs ambientalistas, buscando contribuir para a delimitação mais precisa do seu campo de ação. Num segundo momento procuramos por meio do trabalho de campo, mapear, identificar e elucidar as práticas dessas, considerando a sua interdependência e inter-relação com os demais atores sociais

This dissertation covers the impact of changes in the transition of the financing system of social services from the Ministry of Social Affairs to local regions. This phase of the transition is assested from the point of view of the current state of cooperation between non governmental organizations (NGO)s and governmnetal institutions. The sample region selected for this work is Stredocesky region and the evaluation of this change was done in the context of providing social services aimed on integration of Roma into the society. The theoretical part of this dissertation is concerned with the relationship of the state with the NGOs. Further financing of social services, the history up until the current situation of the state of the process of integration of Romes into Czech Republic is outlined in this work. This work evaluates a case study of Romodrom o. p. s., an organization providing social services for individuals, who are on the edge of exclusion from the society or are impacted by an unfortunate life situation. The primary data was collected using semi-structured interviews with employees of this organization. The secondary data was gathered using the content analysis of relevant sources. The research results are divided into chapters based on themes. Those themes were identified found on...

Dans cette enquête ethno-sociologique sur la solidarité internationale au Maroc auprès de 24 ONG (de nationalités française, espagnole, italienne, canadienne et marocaine), nous avons pris le parti de focaliser notre recherche sur les expatriés et le personnel national (de 9 nationalités différentes) en tenant compte du sens que donnent les acteurs à cet engagement et ces pratiques de solidarité internationale tout en restituant les parcours et les conditions sociales de l’entrée dans la solidarité internationale.La première partie sera consacrée à la description du cadre d’intervention des ONG internationales au Maroc et les catégories objectives du personnel humanitaire : volontaire, stagiaire, bénévole et salarié. Puis, nous présenterons les processus de recrutement et les activités menées dans les ONG internationales tels qu’ils sont décrits par les acteurs. En définitive, nous questionnerons la tension entre travail et engagement, l’enchantement et le désenchantement.Dans un deuxième temps, nous nous attacherons à décrire les caractéristiques sociologiques des 68 acteurs humanitaires rencontrés en mettant en exergue les déterminants objectifs et subjectifs de l’engagement et du travail dans ce domaine d’activité. Nous finirons par établir une typologie des pratiques de la solidarité internationale donnant à voir un éthos commun d’une communauté partageant des affinités et des expériences culturelles d’autre part nous envisagerons les acteurs de la solidarité internationale comme un groupe professionnel.Enfin, la troisième section sera consacrée à questionner d’une part la pratique migratoire que constitue la mission de solidarité internationale et d’autre part les capitaux et pré-dispositions nécessaires pour la concrétiser. Nous montrerons que l’analyse du travail et de l’engagement via le cosmopolitisme permet de comprendre le sens à la fois objectif et subjectif que revêt ce type d’activité expatriée. Finalement, le travail en ONG est un moyen pour se réaliser et s’émanciper entre filiation et désaffiliation. Alors que cette action transnationale, orientée en valeurs et vers les autres, suppose une rencontre cosmopolite réussie, nous examinerons, à l’aune de la vie quotidienne, les décalages entre la rencontre attendue et la rencontre réalisée. / This dissertation contributes to the work of international solidarity NGOs in Morocco through examining the motivations and commitments of their personals. The research focuses on expatriates and national staff, by analysing their career paths and social background, as well as taking into account the sense given to their personal commitments and professional practices while involving in the international solidarity work. The first part devoted to describe the intervention framework of international NGOs in Morocco and the objective of different categories of their humanitarian personals: trainee, volunteer and employee. It examines the processes of recruitment and activities / projects implemented by these international NGOs. Hence, it sought to understand the tensions between job requirements and personal commitments that produced both enchantment and disenchantment among the international solidarity staff. The second part intended to study the sociological characteristics of 68 humanitarian personals that are interviewed from French, Canadian, Spanish, Italian and Moroccan organizations. It highlights the objective and subjective factors that determine their personal commitments and professional performance in this field of work. Therefore, a typology of practices for international solidarity work was set to identify the common ethos within a shared community of different affinities and cultural backgrounds. In addition, it considered the international solidarity actors as professional group. The third part was questioning the migratory practice of the international solidarity mission on the one hand and the financial and pre-arrangements necessary to realize it on the other hand. Furthermore, cosmopolitanism analysis of job requirements and personal commitments was conducted in order to understand the meaning of both objective and subjective in this type of work for the expatriates. Finally, working with international solidarity NGOs becomes a way of achieving and emancipating between affiliation and disaffiliation. While this transnational action is based on values toward others and supposed to develop a successful cosmopolitan encounter, findings from this study reveal the gaps between the expectations and the achievements. / En esta investigación etno-sociológica sobre la solidaridad en Marruecos (24 ONG de nacionalidad francesa, española, italiana, marroquí, canadiense), hemos centrado el estudio sobre los empleados expatriados y locales (de 9 nacionalidades diferentes) considerando a la vez el significado que los actores dan a este compromiso y a las prácticas de solidaridad restituyendo las carreras y las condiciones sociales de la entrada en la ONG. La primera parte está dedicada a la descripción del marco de intervención de las ONG internacionales en Marruecos y las categorías objetivas de los empleados humanitarios: voluntarios, asalariados, voluntarios no retribuidos y pasantes. Después, expondremos los procedimientos de selección y las actividades cumplidas. Finalmente, preguntaremos la tensión entre el trabajo y el compromiso, el encanto y el desencanto que produce el trabajo humanitario. Luego en la segunda parte, realizaremos la descripción de las características sociales de los 68 empleados destacando los determinantes objetivos y subjetivos del compromiso y del trabajo en este sector profesional. Acabaremos estableciendo una tipología de las prácticas de la solidaridad internacional dando a ver un ethos común de una comunidad compartiendo experiencias culturales considerándola como un grupo profesional. Por fin, la tercera parte será centrada por una vez preguntando la práctica migratoria que constituye la misión de solidaridad internacional y por otra vez las predisposiciones necesarias para su realización. Vamos a demostrar que el análisis del compromiso y del trabajo humanitario vía el cosmopolitismo permite entender el sentido objetivo y subjetivo que lleva este tipo de actividad. Finalmente, el trabajo humanitario es un medio para realizarse y emanciparse entre filiación y desafiliación. Mientras esta actividad internacional de valor y dirigida hacia los otros, supone un encuentro cosmopolita exitoso, examinaremos la vida cotidiana de los actores para destacar las disparidades entre un encuentro tan esperado y el encuentro cumplido. / In questa inchiesta etnico-sociologica sulla solidarietà internazionale in Marocco – che prende in esame 24 ONG (di nazionalità francese, spagnola, italiana, canadese e marocchina) – abbiamo scelto di focalizzare la nostra ricerca sugli espatriati e sul personale nazionale (di 9 nazionalità diverse) tenendo conto del senso che gli agenti hanno dato a questo impegno e a queste pratiche di solidarietà internazionale e ricostruendo i percorsi e le condizioni sociali dalla loro entrata nella solidarietà internazionale. La prima parte sarà dedicata alla descrizione dell’intervento delle ONG internazionali in Marocco e alle categorie oggettive del personale umanitario: volontari, stagisti, impiegati. Successivamente, presenteremo in cosa consiste il processo di selezione e assunzione del personale e parleremo delle attività svolte nelle ONG internazionali, esattamente come vengono descritte dagli agenti stessi. In ultima analisi, ci interrogheremo sulla tensione tra lavoro e impegno, ciò a cui aspiriamo e ciò che effettivamente realizziamo. In un secondo momento, descriveremo le caratteristiche sociologiche dei 68 agenti umanitari che abbiamo incontrato, valorizzando le caratteristiche oggettive e soggettive dell’impegno e del lavoro in questo campo di attività. Finiremo per stabilire l’esistenza di un modello di pratica di solidarietà internazionale, mostrando che esiste un ethos comune in una comunità che condivide delle affinità e delle esperienze culturali simili, e dall’altra parte prenderemo in considerazione gli agenti della solidarietà internazionale come gruppo professionale. Infine, la terza sezione sarà dedicata ad approfondire da una parte la pratica migratoria che la missione di solidarietà internazionale costituisce e dall’altra parte i capitali e le predisposizioni necessari per concretizzarla. Mostreremo, poi, che l’analisi del lavoro e dell’impegno permette di comprendere, attraverso il cosmopolitismo, il senso alla volta oggettivo e soggettivo che questo tipo di attività riveste. In ultimo possiamo dire che il lavoro in un’ONG è un mezzo per realizzarsi ed emanciparsi al di là dell’affiliazione e della disaffiliazione alle società. Poiché questa azione trans-nazionale, orientata ne dare valore agli altri, presuppone un incontro cosmopolita funzionante, esamineremo nella vita quotidiana, la differenza tra l’incontro atteso e quello che effettivamente abbiamo realizzato. / تعالج هذه الأطروحة القضايا المتصلة بالتضامن الدولي في المغ رب، وقد تم التركيز فيه على المغتربين والموظفينالوطنيين أخذا بعين الاعتبار المعنى الذي يعطوه هؤلاء الفاعلون لهذا الالتزام ولممارسات التضامن الدولي، مع استحضارالمسارات والشروط الاجتماعية التي أدت إلى دخولهم هذا العالم.وقد خصص الجزء الأول من هذه الأطروحة ل وصف إطار عمل المنظمات غير الحكومية الدولية في المغرب وأنواع أهدافهذه الفئة من الموظفين المشتغلين في المجال الإنساني: المتطوع وذا العالمن والمتدربون والموظفون. وكذا وصف مسلسلات انتقاءالمتعاقد معهم في كل واحدة من هذه الفئات والأنشطة التي تنظمها المنظمات غير الحكومية الدولية كما جاء وصفها علىلسان الفاعلين أنفسهم. حيث درسنا التوترات القائمة بين العمل المهني والالتزام الجمعوي، بين الرغبة الجامحة والإحباط.وقمنا في مرحلة ثانية بوصف الخاصيات والسمات الاجتماعية للفاعلين 68 الذين تم اللقاء بهم بمناسبة إعداد الأطر وحة،وكذا إماطة اللثام عن المحددات الموضوعية والذاتية للالتزام والعمل في هذا المجال. حيث انتهى بنا المطاف بتحديد نوعيةممارسات التضامن الدولي، القائمة على فكر مشترك تتقاسمه مجموعة لها قواسم وتجارب ثقافية مشتركة، على اعتبار العاملينفي هذا المجال مجموعة مهنية قائمة الذات.وعالج الجزء الثالث من الأطروحة ممارسة الهجرة المرتبطة بمهام التضامن الدولي وكذا الرساميل والمؤهلات المستبقة الضروريةلتجسيدها. وسنظهر أن تحليل هذه الجهود وهذا الالتزام عبر منظور الكونية كفيل بتوضيح الصورة وفهم المعاني الموضوعيةوالذاتية المتصلة بهذا النشاط. هذا ويعتبر العمل داخل المنظمات غير الحكومية أخيرا وسيلة لتحقيق الذات والتحرر ما بينالارتباط وفك الارتباط. حيث يقتضي هذا العمل العابر للحدود الوطنية، الموجه من حيث القيم والمستهدف للآخرين،نجاح اللقاء الكوني، وهو ما قمنا بفحصه انطلاقا من الحياة اليومية والتفاوت بين اللقاء المنتظر واللقاء الحقيقي.

Denna studie undersöker hur demokratisk organisering i det svenska civilsamhället har påverkats av den hastiga digitaliseringen i samband med covid-19. Studien är av induktiv karaktär och syftar till att studera förutsättningarna för demokratiskt deltagande under digitala årsmöten i ideella föreningar. Den empiri som ligger till grund för undersökningen är kvalitativa intervjuer samt en kvantitativ enkätstudie. Urvalsgrupperna är personer som har suttit som mötesordförande under både digitala och fysiska årsmöten samt förtroendevalda och anställda som har arrangerat eller deltagit vid årsmöten under covid-19. Studien visar att det finns ett samband mellan demokratiska förutsättningar under digitala årsmöten och den digitala kompetensen inom organisationen. Vidare att förberedelser och organisationskultur är viktigare för de demokratiska förutsättningarna än om årsmötet arrangeras via fysiska eller digitala kanaler. Resultatet visar att lärdomar från digitaliseringen av årsmöten under covid-19 kan leda till ökade förutsättningar för deltagande och jämlikt inflytande. Empirin pekar på en framtida utveckling där majoriteten av organisationerna i studien kommer återgå till fysiska årsmöten eller hybridmöten. Hybridmöten, där vissa medlemmar deltar fysiskt och andra digitalt, rekommenderas inte då de kan skapa problem gällande jämlikt deltagande och inflytande under årsmötet. / This study examines how democratic organization of operations within Swedish non-profit organizations (NPO) has been affected because of rapid digitalization following covid-19. The study is inductive in nature and aims to study the prerequisites regarding democratic participation during annual meetings. The empirical data that creates the foundation for this research is based on qualitative interviews and a quantitative survey. The selection group studied comprises persons that have acted as chairman during both digital and physical annual meetings, as well as board members and employees within NPO's that have arranged or participated in annual meetings during covid-19. The study shows that there is a correlation between democratic prerequisites during digital annual meetings and the digital competence within the organization. Furthermore, preparations are shown to be more important regarding the democratic prerequisites than whether the annual meeting is conducted via physical or digital platforms. The results indicate that knowledge gained from the digitization of annual meetings during covid-19 could lead to better possibilities regarding participation and equal influence. Empirical data points out a possible future development where the organizations participating in the study will revert to using physical and hybrid meetings when conducting annual meetings. Hybrid meetings, where some participate physically and others digitally, are not to be recommended due to problems regarding equal participation and influence during the annual meeting.