Yes / Social commerce (s-commerce) has gained prominence with advances in social media and social networking technologies over the last decade. Prior research has employed diverse theoretical perspectives to understand and explain consumer behavior within s-commerce but has also produced inconsistent results. This study integrates different theoretical perspectives including trust, social support, and social presence. The research portrays an integrated research model involving factors that impact behavioral intention and use behavior of s-commerce consumers whilst synthesizing prior empirical findings. A meta-analytic structural equation modeling (MASEM) method was used to synthesize 189 findings reported in 68 s-commerce studies and to analyze the structural model. Our findings show that trust and informational support have positive effects on behavioral intention while trust and emotional support have positive effects on use behavior. Furthermore, our findings highlight that behavioral intention influences use behavior and mediates the effect of trust and informational support on use behavior. The implications for research and practice are discussed in detail.

Les nombreux modèles de turnover que l’on peut trouver dans la littérature en Gestion des Ressources Humaines illustrent l’importance de la fidélisation des salariés à l’entreprise.L’objectif de cette thèse est d’analyser l’effet de l’« étape de carrière » sur les facteurs de fidélisation et sur le niveau de fidélité des salariés. Ce travail est également l’occasion d’étudier les déterminants de l’étape de carrière et de débattre autour de l’impact de l’appartenance à la génération Y sur l’intention de quitter l’entreprise.Pour répondre à ces questions de recherche, une enquête par questionnaires a été réalisée en janvier 2011 auprès de salariés français d’une entreprise franco-américaine et de deux entreprises françaises. L’échantillon est composé de 478 répondants : 206 vendeurs, 150 techniciens, 76 salariés de fonctions support et 46 de fonctions indéfinies. La population étudiée a un niveau de qualification faible à moyen (CAP/BEP/BAC à BAC+2/BTS).Les résultats confirment (1) le rôle central de la satisfaction extrinsèque au travail et de l’implication affective organisationnelle dans un modèle de turnover et (2) l’influence du score à l’étape de carrière d’un individu à la fois sur les facteurs de fidélisation et l’intention de quitter l’entreprise.Le profil du salarié a également un impact sur les facteurs de fidélisation et sur l’intention de quitter. Le score à une étape de carrière est peu influencé par l’âge et les différentes formes d’ancienneté.L’appartenance à la génération Y, plutôt qu’à la génération X ou à celle des Baby Boomers, n’influence pas l’intention de quitter l’entreprise, du moins telle qu’elle est mesurée par l’appartenance à une tranche d’âge. / The numerous turnover models found in the Human Resource Management literature illustrate the importance of employee loyalty to the company.The objective of this thesis is to analyze the “career stage” effect on employee loyalty-building factors and on employee loyalty to the company. This work also gives the opportunity to study the determinants of the career stage and to debate the impact of belonging to generation Y on the intention to leave the company.To answer our research question, surveys have been administered in January 2011 to French employees from a Franco-American company and from two French companies. The sample is composed of 478 respondents: 206 salespeople, 150 technicians, 76 support staff and 46 undefined jobs. The studied population has a low and medium qualification level CAP/BEP/BAC to BAC+2/BTS).The results confirm (1) the central role of extrinsic job satisfaction and affective organizational commitment in a turnover model and (2) the influence of an individual’s career stage on both his loyalty-building factors and his intention to leave the company.The employee profile also has an impact on loyalty-building factors and on employee intention to leave. Moreover, age and the different kinds of tenure have little influence on the score to a career stage.Belonging to the generation Y, rather than to the generation X or to the Baby Boomers generation, does not influence employee intention to leave as far as generational belonging is measured by age groups.

L’enjeu de cette thèse est de proposer une perspective psychosociale de l’étude des usages à partir du concept d’acceptabilité sociale, définit comme « la valeur que l’individu accorde à ces objets et / ou à ces utilisateurs en fonction durapport spécifique qu’il entretient avec eux » (Lefeuvre et al., 2008, p.101). Cette perspective psychosociale est ancrée entre des points vus sociologique et ergonomique et est construite sur la base de la notion de variables sociales dans les modèles d’usages (issus des champs des IHM, MSI et la TARTCP). Nous avons montré que les variables sociales absentes des modèles d’usage, apparaissaient néanmoins dans trois évolutions différentes de ces modèles. De ce constat, l’objectif de cette thèse est d’améliorer la prédiction d’un modèle d’usage par la prise en compte de l’acceptabilité sociale. Deux hypothèses ont été testées. La première selon laquelle, la valeur du comportement module l’effet des variables sociales sur la prédiction de l’intention (Conner et Armitage, 1998 ; Rivis, Sheeran et Armitage, 2009 ; Manning, 2009), et la seconde selon laquelle, les variables sociales n’ont pas toutes la même sensibilité à la variation de la valeur d’un comportement. Pour mettre à l’épreuve ces hypothèses, deux axes de recherches ont été conduits. Le premier axe opérationnalise la valeur par la valorisation du comportement et est testé dans le domaine des comportements routiers (étude 1 et 2). Le second axe opérationnalise la valeur selon le niveau de socialité des comportements et est testé dans le domaine des comportements d’éco-mobilité (étude 3 à 5). Les résultats révèlent la pertinence d’une approche des usages orientée par l’acceptabilité sociale. Ils permettent de souligner que les comportements valorisés sont davantage prédit par les variables sociales que les comportements portant moins de valeur sociale / The issue of this dissertation is to propose a psychosocial paradigm for the study of usage processes based on the concept of social acceptability, defined as the “value individuals attribute to objects and/or users depending on their social relationship” (Lefeuvre et al., 2008, p.101).This psychosocial paradigm finds its roots between sociological and ergonomic points of view, and is focused on the concept of social variables from acceptability models (from the HMI and MIS fields and TRA-TPB). We have established that social variables are initially neglected in usage models, nevertheless three possible evolution trajectories appear in existingmodels. This dissertation aims to enhance a usage prediction model based on the concept of social acceptability. Two hypotheses were tested. In this research, the first hypothesis states that when behaviour value is considered, social variables are a core determinant of behaviour prediction (Conner et Armitage, 1998 ; Rivis, Sheeran et Armitage, 2009 ; Manning, 2009), and the second hypothesis states that differences exist between the effects of social variables when the value of behaviour is considered. In order to empirically test these hypotheses, we operationnalized behaviour value in two ways. In studies 1 & 2, behaviour value was operationalized through behaviour valorization and tested in the transportation field. In studies 3 to 5, behaviour value was operationalized by the level of behaviour sociality and tested in the green mobility domain. Main results validate the relevance of a social acceptability oriented approach for the understanding of usage processes. Furthermore, results underline that social variables have a higher predictive power for valuable behaviours compared to less valuable behaviours

Cette thèse s’inscrit dans une approche incarnée de la cognition sociale, selon laquelle la capacité à comprendre les états mentaux d’autres individus ne nécessite aucune inférence mais repose plutôt sur l’expérience immédiate des informations sensori-motrices perçues lors d’interactions sociales. D’importantes limites ont été formulées à l’encontre de cette approche. Il est notamment considéré qu’elle ne peut rendre compte de phénomènes dits de « hauts niveaux » de mentalisation, comme l’inférence d’intentions sociales, puisqu’il n’existe pas de relations systématiques entre ces dernières et les systèmes de la perception et de l’action. A travers les études de cette thèse, nous avons tout d’abord mis en évidence des altérations systèmatiques de la cinématique de mouvements volontaires selon les intentions sociales poursuivies. Précisément, lorsqu’une action est produite avec l’intention de servir à un partenaire, ses caractéristiques spatio-temporelles sont amplifiées. Ensuite, nous avons démontré que ces déformations cinématiques étaient fonction des propriétés physiques, et particulièrement de la hauteur des yeux du partenaire. Enfin, nos résultats montrent que ces déformations cinématiques sont implicitement traitées lors d’interactions sociales et qu’elles entraînent l’inférence spontanée d’intention sociale. De façon intéressante, la capacité des participants à accéder à ces informations privées à partir de variations cinématiques était fortement liée à leurs capacités explicites de mentalisation. Ainsi, cette thèse fournit les premières évidences expérimentales soutenant la possibilité d’accéder spontanément aux intentions sociales d’autres personnes à partir de processus perceptifs et moteurs. / This thesis assumes a grounded approach to social cognition, which defends that our abilities to understand others’ mental states rely on our immediate experience of sensori-motor informations in social interactions and do not need any inference processes. Some critical theorethical limits have been addressed to this approach to social cognition. Typically, it is considered that this conception can not explain high order mentalization, as, for example, the inference of social intentions, because there are not systematic links between those cognitive constructs and the systems of perception and action. Through the studies of this thesis, we have in a first time showed that the kinematics of voluntary movements are influenced by the type of social intention that is endorsed by participants. Precisely, when an action is produced for a partner, its spatio-temporal characteristics are amplified. Then, we have demonstrated that these kinematic variations are influenced by the physical properties of the partner, and particularly by the eyes’ level. Finally, our results showed that these typical kinematic variations are implicitly processed during social interaction and that they can trigger spontaneous social intention attribution. Interestingly, the ability of participants to access others’ mental states from motor action variations is strongly related to their explicit mentalizing performances. In sum, this thesis provides the first experimental evidences supporting the possibility to spontaneously access to others’ social intentions from perceptive and motor processes.

The increased global consumption has a severe effect on the environment. In order to reduce the environmental impact, there is a need for more environmentally friendly consumption choices. Several studies have confirmed that consumers have a positive attitude towards environmentally friendly products, but that the attitude is, in most cases, not put in to practice. To increase the degree of explanation behind the gap between Swedish consumers intention and behavior regarding the consumption of organic fruits, this study used Ajzen’s (1985) theory of planned behavior. The purpose of this bachelor thesis was to examine if attitude, social norms and experinced behavior control can explain the consumption behavior regarding organic fruits in Sweden. An online-survey with several Likert items was conducted in order to gather data. The respondents were asked about their age, income, education, attitudes, social norms and their experienced behavior control. A correlation test and a multiple regression analysis was conducted in order to see how the determinants of intention correlated with the behavior and how well they could influence the behavior. The results showed that attitude was the determinant that had the strongest correlation (0.522) and contributed the most to the behavior of buying organic fruits. Subjective norm (0.294) and perceived behavior control (0.245) had not as strong correlation as attitude and subjective norm could only influence the behavior to a minimal level. However, it was found that perceived behavior control could influence the behavior. The total rate of explanation for all determinants of intention on the behavior was R2 = 0.568 (56.8%). The conclusions that were made from this study were, firstly, that attitude can influence most of the behavior regarding consumption of organic fruits among Swedish consumers. Secondly, subjective norm can to a minimal degree influence the behavior regarding consumption of organic fruits among Swedish consumers. Thirdly, perceived behavior control can to a minimal degree influence behavior regarding consumption of organic fruits among Swedish consumers. Furthermore, there is a need for more studies who includes behavioral data and more added variables to the TpB model in order to deepen the knowledge about environmentally friendly consumption behaviors.

Title: Talking green, behaving brown - A study about consumers intention-behavior gap among eco-labels Level: Bachelor thesis in Business & Administration   Authors: Emma-Sophie Doksaeter & Julia Nordman   Supervisor: Jonas Kågström   Date: January 2019   Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze consumers intention-behavior gap towards eco-labeled products based on Carrington’s et. al. model considering more recent studies regarding different variables such as relations, moral and knowledge.   Method: A quantitative survey design was developed based on variables from Carrington et al. (2010) and variables from more recent studies. Four surveys were made divided into three different countries; Sweden, Norway and Finland. The total number of participating respondents were 540. We used cluster, factor and SEM analysis to interpret our results.   Result & analysis: The result shows that it exists a gap between intention and behavior when speaking of eco-labels among consumers. Variables such as knowledge, actual behavior control have a big impact on implementation intention. Situational context and relations have low significance on implementation intention. Although, by considering all of these variables, it is possible to close the gap. To close the gap, it is also important to consider different consumer groups.     Contribution of the thesis: The study shows that it exists a gap between what consumers say they are going to do, and what they actually do, and that it is possible to close the gap between intentions and behavior when talking about eco-labels.   Suggestions for future research: The study shows cultural differences in intentions and behavior towards eco-labels. It would be possible to study this further. Another study could look at how organizations could increase eco-labels credibility towards consumers.    Keywords: Green marketing, behavior economics, intention-behavior gap, eco-labels, environmental intention

Mobile service operators are struggling to build strong relationship with their customers. The Saudi Market is described as a highly regulated and competitive sector. Consequently, it is essential that mobile service operators re-evaluate the level of their service quality and understand its critical factors that influence customer eWOM and switching intention through emotional and cognitive responses. According to the literature review, there is a need for studies on customer behaviour to demonstrate whether customer responses are prominent indicators of how customers feel. In addition, there is a lack of empirical study and theoretical modelling of the relationships between customers' emotional response and constructs based on other service experience. The main aim in this research is the investigating customer intentions influenced by service quality using the mediation of emotional and cognitive responses in Saudi Arabia. This research develops a theoretical framework that integrates a set of cognitive and emotional response (pleasure and arousal) to examine the influence of service quality on customer intention by using theory of reasoned action (TRA) and stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R), merged into one framework. Therefore, hypotheses are developed to test the relationship between the framework variables. This research adapts a quantitative methodology along with the positivist philosophical approach to investigate hypothetical relationships within the conceptual framework. This research used online surveys completed by mobile and social media users, including a survey with 601 responses out of 621. To analyse and validate the data, this study applies the structure equation model by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) AMOS V. 23. The result indicates that there are significant relationships between service quality dimensions and emotional response (pleasure and arousal). Moreover, subjective norms have a significant relationship with customer intention and emotional response. In addition, emotional response has, both directly and indirectly, a significant relationship with customer intention. The overall results of this research indicate that both the effect of service quality on eWOM and switching intention were mediated by customer attitude and by the pleasure and arousal emotional responses. These research outcomes yield several theoretical and practical implications. A key limitation of this research is its data collection by using a quantitative research approach and cross-sectional methodology; consequently, the data collection was done solely in the KSA.

Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

In recent years, it is more and more popular to find Private Barnd in Convenience Stores, Hyper Markets, Super Markets and Boutique Stores. Private brand is the naturally outcome of chained retailers with bigger economic scale. It can bring more profits, and at the same time, it can raise the bargaining power of retailers to against the national brands. And most important of all, private barnd would create differentiated competitive adventage for reatilers. Therefore, it is very necessary for reatilers to understand consumers¡¦ attitudes and purchasing intentions for private brand products. Most of the researches in the past were focused on external characteristics, such as demograpghical variables but ingored consumers¡¦ psychological characteristics which usually dominate consumers¡¦ attitudes. And most of the researches were implemented based on Hyper or Super Market channels. This research wants to know how consumers feel about private barnd products in chained convenience stores, what kind of persons like or dislike private brands. Consumers¡¦ characteristics include psychological characteristics, demographical variables and store image. The research uses questionnaire method in front of convenience stores, and the main purpose of this questionnaire is to analyze the relationship between demographical variables, psychological variables, promotion intentions, store image, private brand attitudes, and private brands¡¦ purchasing intentions. The main research findings are listed as following: 1.When consumers¡¦ value consciousness is higher, their attitude for private brand would also be better. 2.Consumers who have more interests in promotion would have better attitude toward private label, especially the consumers who prefer price discount, their acceptance for private brands will be higher than those who prefer non-price promotion ( ex. Giftaway). 3.Consumers who have better store image will have better attitude toward private barnds accordingly. 4.Consumers¡¦ age has significant differences on the attitude of private brands. To sum it up, when consumers are elder, then they will have worse attitude toward private brands. 5.There are high consistence between attitude and purchasing intention.

For an enterprise, the appropriate flow rate of employees helps the metabolism of an organization and prevents an organization from becoming rigid. The appropriate flow of employees helps the enhancement of management efficiency of an enterprise. If the flow rate is too high, however, it will cause the loss of employees, the high expense of recruiting and training, and the low morale of employees. Moreover, it will cause the deficiency of human resource. In addition to general resignation mentioned in the above, another phenomenon of collective-resignation is arising. Collective-resignation has caused the crisis of management. Therefore, how to avoid collective-resignation is an important issue of an enterprise. This research discusses how the organizational commitment influences the initiative collective-resignation intention and passive collective-resignation intention. The object of this research is mainly on the employees in enterprises. The number of issued questionnaires is 750, and finally the number of returned questionnaires is 406. The rate of returning is 54.1 percent. The statistics results in the analysis as the following: 1.Governmental commitment has great influence on collective-resignation intention. Among them, the regulative commitment has positive effect on initiative collective-resignation and negative effect on passive collective-resignation (following the supervisor). The emotional commitment has negative effect on passive collective-resignation (following the supervisor). The sustained commitment has positive effect on passive collective-resignation (following the colleague). 2.The loyalty to supervisor has remarkable effect on collective-resignation. Among them, the dimension of recognition internalization is the most remarkable. 3.The effect of the loyalty to supervisor has more influence on passive collective-resignation than organizational commitment. 4.The collective-resignation intentions are divided into three dimensions: initiative collective-resignation intention, passive collective-resignation intention (following the supervisor) and passive collective-resignation intention (following the colleague).