Purpose- This thesis aims to identify the role of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) for managing strategy risks as well as the types of strategy risks that can be managed using four perspectives of the BSC in the Iranian Petroleum Industry Equipment Manufacturers (IPIEM). Design/ approach/ methodology- In this thesis cross-sectional design and the deduction approach are used. For collecting data for quantitative analysis, a questionnaire was conducted by the research team. Then the data collected from respondents were then analyzed through running simple linear regression analysis in the SPSS software. Findings- The first research question (RQ) is about BSC’s roles in managing strategy risks in IPIEM. These roles are risk assessment, risk controlling and collecting data for decision making of strategy risks. It was proved by the research team that BSC can play a role of the assessment of strategy risks in IPIEM. This means by using BSC as an RM tool in IPIEM, companies can assess strategy risks through identifying, analysing and evaluating strategy risks. However, the results indicate risk controlling and collecting data for decision making cannot be managed by using BSC. The second Research question is about the types of strategy risks that four perspectives of BSC can manage. The results show that from the 8 strategy risks chosen for this thesis, 6 of them which are “liquidity risk” from the financial perspective; “risk of clients’ opposition to pilot testing of the product” from the customer perspective; “risk of improper design of the product at development stages”, and “risk of improper selection of international partners” from the internal perspective; “risk of incorrect evaluation & selection of technology options” and “the risk of not enough operational experience in similar previous projects” from the learning and growth perspective can be managed through using BSC as an RM tool in IPIEM. Based on the conclusion of RQ1, the effect can now be adjusted into RQ2 findings. This study concludes that IPIEM can use BSC for risk assessment of the above-mentioned six different strategy risks. It can also be concluded that the BSC cannot be a full RM tool for managing strategy risks in the companies, since it only can apply for one of the three processes of RM; risk assessment.

Throughout history stock splits have only been seen as a cosmetic change on how a firm express its market value of equity. This study investigates if abnormal return occurs in connection with stock split announcements on Nasdaq Stockholm and how the variations may be explained by selected factors. An event study is performed on 83 stock splits during the time period 2010-2020 to establish if abnormal return is present. With a multivariate linear regression, split quota, firm size and trading volume are the selected factors which may explain the variations in abnormal return. The results from the event study establish abnormal return one day prior to the announcement and the event day itself. Further, the regression confirms at a statistically significant level the negative relationship between firm size and abnormal return. For trading volume, the regression finds no statistically significant result and thereby it does not explain the variations in abnormal return. As for split quota, no conclusion can be drawn whether it affects abnormal return or not. The study concludes the occurrence of abnormal return in connection with stock split announcements on Nasdaq Stockholm and firm size as one of the factors explaining the variations.

Diese Dissertation untersucht einen möglichen Zusammenhang zwischen dem beschriebenen klinischen Verlauf bei Patienten mit konstitutiv aktivierenden TSH-Rezeptormutationen und der gemessenen in vitro Aktivität. Konstitutiv aktivierende Mutationen finden sich als somatische Mutationen in autonomen Adenomen und als Keimbahnmutationen bei Patienten mit sporadischer bzw. familiärer nicht-autoimmuner Hyperthyreose. Die in vitro Aktivität der zu Grunde liegenden TSH-Rezeptormutationen wird mit Hilfe der Linearen Regressions-Analyse bestimmt. Dies ist ein Verfahren, welches die basale Produktion des second messenger cAMP (Cyclo-Adenosinmonophosphat) misst, unter Berücksichtigung der Expression des TSH-Rezeptors. Die Analyse der Krankheitsverläufe der sporadischen nicht-autoimmunen Hyperthyreose zeigt keinen eindeutigen Bezug zur gemessenen in vitro Aktivität. Es besteht jedoch eine höhere in vitro Aktivität bei Mutationen, die sowohl bei der nicht-autoimmunen sporadischen Hyperthyreose und in autonomen Adenomen zu finden sind, im Vergleich zu ausschließlich familiären Mutationen. Dies entspricht auch dem klinischen Eindruck. Für die wenigen bekannten Fälle der sporadischen nicht-autoimmunen Hyperthyreose wurden dramatische Verläufe mit häufigen Rückfällen unter medikamentöser Therapie und zahlreichen Komplikationen (z.B. mentale Retardierung, Kraniosynostose, zerebrale Ventrikulomegalie, beschleunigte Knochenreifung) beschrieben.

The loss of 6 million U.S. manufacturing jobs since 2000 has severely affected communities that have lost a vital source of employment. Voluntary employee turnover has compounded the problem. The purpose of this correlational study was to examine the relationship between employee turnover and destructive leadership behaviors of managers in small and medium enterprise (SME) manufacturing businesses in Warren County, New Jersey. The constructive-destructive leadership model formed the theoretical framework for the study. A random sample of 96 SME manufacturing firm employees completed the destructive leadership scale (DLS), multifactor leadership questionnaire (MLQ), and the turnover intention scale (TIS-6) via an online survey. Multiple linear regression analyses and Pearson-product correlation coefficients were used to predict employee turnover. Tyrannical leadership and laissez-faire leadership were the only significant contributors to the regression model. Implications for social change include providing business managers with information needed to maintain or increase employee retention levels, which may improve employee morale, increase job satisfaction, and enhance customer satisfaction in the communities served.

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In this thesis an analysis is performed on operation times for different sized products in a manufacturing company. The thesis will introduce and summarise most of the theory needed to perform regression and also cover a worked example where three different regression models are learned, evaluated and analysed. Conformal prediction, which at the moment is a hot topic in machine learning, will also be introduced and will be used in the worked example.

A popular type of investments are financial investments. Even though the Swedish society aspires for equality, there are still financial differences between the sexes. This thesis project focuses on what factors that affect the amount that women and men invest in stocks. The aim is to obtain a deeper knowledge about the investment market and how it appears for women and men. The reason for this is to raise awareness about the inequality issue when it comes to the low representation of females in the investment market.  The objective for this project is to produce two models where one of them is for women and the other one for men. Those models have equal regressors: inflation, GDP growth, OMX Stockholm Price Index, average income per year and eight different age groups. The response variable is the average portfolio value for a specific age group at respective model. The data is taken mainly from Swedish Statistical Central Bureau, but is also gathered from NASDAQ, as well as the World Bank. The data is collected between the years 2000 to 2020.  The models are firstly evaluated at their full model, meaning that all regressors are included. The women's model shows a considerably good fitting, since almost all regressors are significant with low p-values along with a Multiple R-squared at 0.773 and Adjusted R-squared at 0.757. However, improvements can be made since outliers need to be removed, and the regressor income hold multicollinearity. Men's full model has a poor performance with fewer significant regressors and lower Multiple and Adjusted R-squared. Both models are then transformed, with applied square root of inflation at both models, and the square of income at men's model.  To determine the reduced model, variable selection is implemented. With Best Subset Selection, women's model includes OMX, GDP, income, age group 1, age group 6, age group 7 and age group 8. On the other hand, men's model has the regressors GDP, income, age group 1, age group 2, age group 3, age group 4, age group 5 and age group 7. Both these models perform much better where all the regressors had significant p-values and satisfactory Model Assumptions plots. In addition, no multicollinearity exists in the models. In conclusion, both the reduced models are chosen for final models.  Proposed further research within this topic is to include more appropriate regressors that may affect the portfolio value as well as to compare with other countries and include real investment instead of just financial investments. / En vanlig typ av investeringar är finansiella investeringar. I Sverige råder finansiella skillnader mellan könen trots att Sverige eftersträvar jämställdhet. Detta projekt fokuserar på vilka faktorer som påverkar den mängd kvinnor och män investerar i finansiella investeringar, däribland aktier. Syftet är att öka medvetenheten kring jämställdhetsfrågan när det kommer till den låga representationen av kvinnor på investeringsmarknaden.  Projektets mål är att skapa två modeller där ena är en modell för kvinnor och den andra är en modell för män. Dessa två modeller har likvärdiga regressorer vilket är inflation, BNP, OMX Stockholm Price Index, medelinkomst per år, samt åtta olika åldersgrupper. Responsvariabeln är medelportföljvärde för respektive åldersgrupp för varje modell. Datainsamlingen är främst från Sveriges Statistiska Centralbyrå, men också NASDAQ och Världsbanken. Datat är insamlat från år 2000 till år 2020.  Först, utvärderas de fulla modellerna som inkluderar alla möjliga regressorer. Modellen för kvinnor visar sig vara hyfsad eftersom nästan alla regressorer är signifikanta med låga p-värden samt ett Multiple R-squared på 0.773 och ett Adjusted R-squared på 0.757. Emellertid, behöver förbättringar åstadkommas eftersom extremvärden ska tas bort samt att multikollinearitet upptäcks för regressorn inkomst. Den initiala modellen för män presterar ogynnsamt med låga Multiple och Adjusted R-squared och därtill färre signifikanta regressorer. Båda modellerna behöver transformationer. För kvinnomodellen appliceras roten ur inflation och för mäns modell används roten ur inflation men också inkomst upphöjt med två.  Vidare, bestäms de reducerade modellerna genom så kallad variable selection. Med utövandet av metoden Best Subset Selection har modellen för kvinnor regressorerna: OMX, BNP, inkomst, åldersgrupp 1, åldersgrupp 6, åldersgrupp 7 och åldersgrupp 8. Modellen för män får kombinationen: BNP, inkomst, åldersgrupp 2, åldersgrupp 3, åldersgrupp 4, åldersgrupp 5 och åldersgrupp 7. Bägge dessa modeller presterar bättre då alla regressorer har signifikanta p-värden och visar lämpliga grafer som granskar modelluppbyggnadsantaganden. Därför är båda dessa modellerna fördelaktiga och väljs som finala modeller.  För vidare forskning inom detta ämne skulle det vara relevant att inkludera fler lämpliga regressorer i modellerna som kan påverka portföljvärdet samt att jämföra med andra länder. Dessutom, kan det vara intressant att inberäkna reala investeringar istället för endast finansiella investeringar.

Despite much research indicating that acquisitions are unsatisfactory in generating value, in terms of stock market return, their continued and growing existence highlights that acquisitions play an essential role in the corporate landscape, and will only continue doing so moving forward.  This continuous undertaking in acquisitions despite a lacking performance inspired a thesis that is focused on viewing acquisitions through an operational perspective. The aim of the thesis is to answer the question: "What impacts the difference in operational efficiency between the group of companies, that is formed after an acquisition, and the separate companies, that operate before an acquisition?" A multiple linear regression model analysis is performed with explanatory regressors that are mainly based on the target-acquirer relation. The final model's relatively low explanatory power combined with certain model assumption violations and a challenging sample of observations harms the reliability of the significant regressors in the final model. The significant regressors are the acquirer's average annual EBIT margin growth rate before the acquisition and the cross-border regressor. The two regressors are in line with acquisition and financial accounting theory. The conclusion, however, is that analyzing acquisitions in this regard is questionable and could very well not return informative results that can be applied to future acquisitions to improve the unsatisfactory returns. / Trots att tidigare studier indikerar att företagsförvärv generellt är ofördelaktiga, speciellt ur ett aktieägarperspektiv, fortsätter de att ske.  Med hänsyn till avsaknaden av operationella perspektiv på företagsförvärv genomförs en studie med detta syfte. Den huvudsakliga frågan som besvaras i rapporten är: "vad påverkar skillnaden i den operationella effektiviteten mellan koncernen, som uppstår efter företagsförvärvet, och de separata företagen, som verkar innan företagsförvärvet?" För att besvara frågan genomförs en regressionsanalys med förklarande variabler som främst baseras på relationen mellan det uppköpta och köpande bolaget. Den slutgiltiga modellen ger ett relativt lågt förklaringsvärde, följer inte modellantagandena till fullo och är baserad på ett utmanande dataset. Detta sänker de signifikanta variablernas trovärdighet i den slutgiltiga modellen. De två signifikanta variablerna är dels den genomsnittliga årliga tillväxten i EBIT-marginal för det köpande bolaget innan förvärvet och dels en variabel som visar på om företagsförvärvet är gränsöverskridande. Resultatet överensstämmer med teorin som finns tillgänglig inom företagsförvärv och redovisning. Slutsatsen av studien är att operationella analyser av företagsförvärv kan ifrågasättas och att de generellt sett kan vara oanvändbara för att förbättra utfallen av företagsförvärv.

Public health is an essential urban issue attracting the increasing attention of scholars and decision-makers while urban planning is an important mechanism to promote health since mounting evidence has shown the planning elements, such as urban green spaces (UGS), could have a positive influence. In previous literature, the studies concerning the impacts of UGSs can be divided into two aspects: the first is to reveal the relationships between UGSs and health using statistical models based on self-reported data, while the second is to take their relationships as presumption and visualize the spatial distributions of UGSs in a geographical information system (GIS) to indicate the existence of health inequalities. I attempt to combine the two pathways, using GIS-based analyses to quantify and visualize UGSs, and subsequently employing the quantified indicators of UGSs to calculate their associations with public health by multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis in SPSS. The study describes a detailed methodology that could be taken as a generic approach to analyze other urban elements and services. A case study is conducted in Linköping central urban area with base areas selected as the spatial unit of analysis. As a consequence, although the elaborate relationships between different indicators of UGSs and public health are not directly provided by the regression models, the correlations between them are indicated to be weak and subtle and require larger samples to reveal. Potential improvements, including the application of panel data and other kinds of regression models, are also summarized for further research.