Ces travaux de thèse portent sur l'intégration hétérogène des fonctions de commande pour des transistors de puissance verticaux à grille isolée. Ce travail a consisté en la conception des fonctions de commande pour un transistor de type MOSFET en technologie CMOS planar, puis en la conception du composant de puissance lui-même, incluant des fonctions spécifiques pour l'auto-alimentation de sa commande. Le deuxième aspect de ce travail est l'étude et la réalisation technologique de métallisations épaisses en surface de puces silicium pour l'hybridation en chip on chip de la partie commande et de la partie puissance. Ce mémoire de thèse comporte trois chapitres équivalents : études théoriques et présentation des concepts, conception et validation expérimentale de la partie commande puis conception de la partie puissance et développements technologiques. Les champs d'application de ces travaux sont variés car ils couvrent un large domaine de l'électronique de puissance (convertisseurs hybrides). / The work presented in this PhD manuscript deals with heterogeneous integration of the control functions for driving a vertical power MOSFET. This work consisted in the design of the driving functions for a vertical power MOSFET in a planar CMOS technology, then in the design of the power transistor itself, including specific functions for the self powering of its driving circuitry. The second aspect of this work was the technological study and realization of thick metallization at the surface of silicon dies for the chip on chip assembly of the control and the power parts. This manuscript is composed of three equal chapters: the theoretical study and concepts presentation, the design and experimental validation of the driver part, and the design of the power part and the technological realizations. The field of application of this work covers a large spectrum as it concerns every hybrid converter

Le récent essor des systèmes de communication sans fil implique le développement de circuits RF performants, à fort taux d’intégration, bas coût, et adaptés à la production de masse. L’intégration monolithique de systèmes RF sur silicium permet de répondre en partie à ces critères. Cependant, le silicium est responsable de pertes dans le substrat dégradant les performances des composants passifs. Pour adresser cette limite, des caissons isolants de silicium poreux peuvent être réalisés au sein du silicium (substrat mixte). Les objectifs de cette thèse sont de montrer la faisabilité de l’intégration monolithique sur substrat mixte et d’étudier son impact sur les performances de circuits RF. Ce manuscrit décrit l’élaboration des substrats mixtes et donne une comparaison des performances de composants passifs intégrés sur silicium poreux et sur substrats standards. Enfin, l’intégration monolithique de circuits RF est menée sur substrat mixte 6’’. La caractérisation de ces démonstrateurs montre une amélioration des performances par rapport au silicium. De plus, la compatibilité du substrat mixte avec un procédé industriel de microélectronique est validée. / The rapid growth of wireless systems involves the development of highly efficient, large-scale, low-cost and radio frequency (RF) systems. Monolithic integration of RF circuits on silicon can enhance the appeal of this technology further. However, in order to fully realize the next generation of system-on-chip on silicon, the losses which results in to degradation in the performances of passive components need to be addressed. This work investigates locally insulating porous silicon regions on silicon substrates, targeting highly efficient passive components. This thesis begins with a detailed description of porous silicon/silicon hybrid substrate fabrication using a novel mask. The influence of the hybrid substrate on fabricated passive device performances was studied and the results were compared to similar devices on conventional silicon substrates. Finally, monolithic integration of passive and active devices was demonstrated on 6” hybrid substrates, with performance improvements when compared with standard silicon. This work has also shown that hybrid substrates can be fully integrated into industrial scale microelectronic processes.

abstract: In this dissertation, I described my research on the growth and characterization of various nanostructures, such as nanowires, nanobelts and nanosheets, of different semiconductors in a Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) system. In the first part of my research, I selected chalcogenides (such as CdS and CdSe) for a comprehensive study in growing two-segment axial nanowires and radial nanobelts/sheets using the ternary CdSxSe1-x alloys. I demonstrated simultaneous red (from CdSe-rich) and green (from CdS-rich) light emission from a single monolithic heterostructure with a maximum wavelength separation of 160 nm. I also demonstrated the first simultaneous two-color lasing from a single nanosheet heterostructure with a wavelength separation of 91 nm under sufficiently strong pumping power. In the second part, I considered several combinations of source materials with different growth methods in order to extend the spectral coverage of previously demonstrated structures towards shorter wavelengths to achieve full-color emissions. I achieved this with the growth of multisegment heterostructure nanosheets (MSHNs), using ZnS and CdSe chalcogenides, via our novel growth method. By utilizing this method, I demonstrated the first growth of ZnCdSSe MSHNs with an overall lattice mismatch of 6.6%, emitting red, green and blue light simultaneously, in a single furnace run using a simple CVD system. The key to this growth method is the dual ion exchange process which converts nanosheets rich in CdSe to nanosheets rich in ZnS, demonstrated for the first time in this work. Tri-chromatic white light emission with different correlated color temperature values was achieved under different growth conditions. We demonstrated multicolor (191 nm total wavelength separation) laser from a single monolithic semiconductor nanostructure for the first time. Due to the difficulties associated with growing semiconductor materials of differing composition on a given substrate using traditional planar epitaxial technology, our nanostructures and growth method are very promising for various device applications, including but not limited to: illumination, multicolor displays, photodetectors, spectrometers and monolithic multicolor lasers. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Electrical Engineering 2015

Submitted by JÚLIO HEBER SILVA (julioheber@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-06-21T13:56:35Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Francielle Queiroz Soares - 2018.pdf: 4062174 bytes, checksum: caec2644f4aa247943bf36592f90e826 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-06-27T11:03:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Francielle Queiroz Soares - 2018.pdf: 4062174 bytes, checksum: caec2644f4aa247943bf36592f90e826 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-27T11:03:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Francielle Queiroz Soares - 2018.pdf: 4062174 bytes, checksum: caec2644f4aa247943bf36592f90e826 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-08 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / Monolithic polymers can be defined as continuous porous polymers, synthesized in situ in a mold. These materials have been used in chromatographic applications due to the combination of high surface area with excellent permeability and mass transport properties. In this work, monolithic polymers based on styrene and divinylbenzene were synthesized by thermal initiation via bulk polymerization in the presence of different diluents; and via high internal phase emulsion polymerization in presence and absence of toluene as diluent. The monoliths produced via bulk polymerization, which were synthesized in the presence of binary mixtures tetrahydrofuran/decanol and toluene/decanol as polymerization diluents in the ratio 15:85 (v/v) showed mechanical resistance to be applied as extractive phases. Both formulations produced polymers with macroporous characteristics and the tetrahydrofuran/decanol mixture presented larger channels, resulting in higher permeability, in this way it was used as extraction phase for the technique of preparation of samples based on a device of sorptive extraction of micropipette tip (DPX) applied to the determination of triazines in water samples. Under optimized conditions the absolute recovery for the triazines varied from 28 to 64%. The monoliths produced by high internal phase emulsion polymerization showed macroporosity. We have found that the effect of the solvent is more significant for the increase in surface area and the volume and mean diameter of pores than the effect of the reduction of these by the increase in velocity. With this, the monolith prepared in the presence of toluene at a speed of 3000 rpm obtained a larger surface area and a larger volume and pore diameter, resulting in a higher permeability. The surface of this monolith was modified with polypyrrole, to verify this film on the selectivity of the resulting phase. When submitted to the extraction process using solid phase extraction devices (SPE), the monolith covered with PPY films presented better extraction efficiency and its parameters were optimized for determination of triazines in water samples by the SPE/LC-UV method (SPE/high performance liquid chromatography with UV-vis detection). According to the figures of merit evaluated, the proposed SPE/LC-UV method presented linearity in the concentration range of 0.5-50 ng.mL-1 and absolute recovery of 75 to 105%, with precision demonstrated by the coefficient of variation lower than 15%. The limit of quantification of the method was 0.5 ng.mL-1 for all the analytes. Thus, it was possible to develop new low-cost monolithic phases with chemical and mechanical resistance and physicochemical characteristics suitable for use as extractive phase in the miniaturized technique of preparation of DPX samples, as well as SPE. The developed phases were evaluated for the determination of triazines in water samples with adequate selectivity and sensitivity. Based on the results, the developed phases present themselves as promising alternative to the commercial extractive phases. / Os polímeros monolíticos podem ser definidos como polímeros contínuos altamente porosos, sintetizados in situ em um molde. Esses materiais têm sido empregados em aplicações cromatográficas devido a combinação de alta área superficial com excelentes propriedades de permeabilidade e transporte de massa. Nesse trabalho, polímeros monolíticos a base de estireno e divinilbenzeno foram sintetizados por iniciação térmica, via polimerização em massa na presença de diferentes diluentes; e via polimerização em emulsão de alta fase interna, na presença e na ausência de tolueno como diluente. Os monolitos produzidos via polimerização em massa, que foram sintetizados na presença das misturas binárias tetrahidrofurano/decanol e tolueno/decanol como diluentes de polimerização na proporção 15:85 (v/v) apresentaram resistência mecânica para serem aplicados como fases extratoras. Ambas as formulações produziram polímeros com característica macroporosa e a mistura tetrahidrofurano/decanol apresentou canais maiores, resultando em menor resistência à vazão, desta forma este foi utilizado como fase extratora para técnica de preparo de amostras baseada em dispositivo de extração sortiva em ponteira (DPX) aplicado à determinação de triazinas em amostras de água. Nas condições otimizadas a recuperação absoluta para as triazinas variou de 28 a 64%. Para os monolitos produzidos via polimerização em emulsão de alta fase interna, o efeito do solvente é mais significativo para o aumento da área superficial e do volume e diâmetro médio de poros do que o efeito da redução desses pelo aumento da velocidade de agitação. Com isso o monolito preparado na presença de tolueno na velocidade de 3000 rpm obteve maior área superficial e maior volume e diâmetro de poro, resultando em menor resistência à vazão e sua superfície foi modificada com polipirrol. Quando submetidos ao processo de extração empregando dispositivos de extração em fase sólida (SPE), o monolito recoberto com filmes de PPY, apresentou maior eficiência de extração sendo então seus parâmetros otimizados para determinação de triazinas em amostras de água pelo método SPE/LC-UV (SPE/cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência com detecção UV-vis). Segundo as figuras de mérito avaliadas o método SPE/LC-UV proposto, apresentou linearidade na faixa de concentração de 0,5-50 ng.mL-1 e recuperação absoluta de 75 a 105 %, com precisão demonstrada pelos coeficientes de variação menores que 15%. O limite de quantificação do método foi de 0,5 ng.mL-1 para todos os analitos. Assim sendo, foi possível desenvolver novas fases monolíticas de baixo custo com resistência química e mecânica e características físico-químicas adequadas para emprego como fase extratora em técnica miniaturizada de preparo de amostras DPX, assim como em SPE. As fases desenvolvidas foram avaliadas para determinação de triazinas em amostras de água apresentando seletividade e sensibilidade adequada. Com base nos resultados, as fases desenvolvidas apresentam se como promissora alternativa às fases extratoras comerciais.

A maior preocupação deste trabalho é com as moradias das populações de baixa renda que na maioria dos casos são precárias não atendendo aos requisitos mínimos de habitabilidade. Para encarar este problema utilizamos como instrumento o conceito de tecnologia apropriada tendo em vista que as tecnologias tradicionais e modernas não tem apresentado bons resultados neste campo. Isto não quer dizer que estamos defendendo apenas uma saída tecnológica para os problemas da habitação popular. Para exemplificar a viabilidade deste enfoque, estudamos duas aplicações, em tijolos e em paredes monolíticas de solo-cimento, onde se colocaram as questões de escolha do solo, dosagem e ensaios de avaliação tais como: resistência à compressão, durabilidade, absorção d\'água, impermeabilidade. Procuramos também, através das aplicações, disseminar a metodologia empregada, que acreditamos possa ser utilizada no desenvolvimento de outros materiais. / The principal objective of this Project is housing for low income people, wich is in the most part poorly constructed without the minimum standards of habitability. To face this problem, the appropriate technology approach were applied bering in mind that traditional and modern ones have not been suited to best resolve this type of housing. But this does not mean that this housing problem is only a technological challenge. As an example two cases were studied, one in pressed earth and the other in rammed earth, both using soil-cement. Soil selection, the cement to soil mixture, compressive strength, durability, water absorption and impermeability tests were evaluated. Besides these examples it is considered that this methodology can be applied to other studies of other materials.

Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre de l'optique micro-onde. Nous avons mis en oeuvre différentes solutions opto-électroniques dans le but de réaliser un synthétiseur hyperfréquence monolithiquement intégré, faiblement bruité et largement accordable jusqu'au domaine millimétrique. Le synthétiseur est basé sur l'intégration sur InP de deux lasers DFB, d'un coupleur optique et d'une photodiode rapide. En outre, un modulateur électro-optique est également implémenté sur la puce afin de transmettre un signal de données sur la porteuse générée. Les performances obtenues en terme de gamme d'accord et de transmission de données sans fil se sont révélées conformes aux objectifs. Ainsi, une gamme d'accord de 0 à 110 GHz et un débit de transmission de donnée sans fil à courte distance de 1 Gbit/s ont pu être démontrés, établissant notre système à l'état de l'art mondial pour ce type de composant totalement intégré. Les performances en terme de bruit de phase se sont en revanche révélées décevantes. Pour remédier à ce problème nuisant à la montée en débit supérieurs, nous avons investigué deux solutions de stabilisation de la fréquence porteuse. La première, basée sur un asservissement électronique (OPLL) de la puce, s'est pour le moment révélé infructueuse, mais a permis d'étudier plus avant les problématiques qui lui sont liées. La seconde solution, basée sur un système inédit de rétroinjection optique mutuelle et une stabilisation sur un oscillateur électronique externe a quant à elle répondu à nos souhaits. En effet, la stabilisation de la fréquence porteuse par cette technique a permis de démontré des largeurs de raies inférieure à 30 Hz et un bruit de phase réduit à -90 dBc/Hz à 10 kHz d'une porteuse accordée à 90 GHz. A la suite de ces travaux sur une première génération de composants, une deuxième génération a été développée afin d'améliorer les performances intrinsèques de la puce en remédiant aux limitations observées jusqu'alors. Ainsi, une nouvelle configuration de cavité a été conçue intégrant notamment des lasers plus longs ainsi que des miroirs haute réflectivité. Par ailleurs, une optimisation de la structure de la photodiode a été réalisée afin d'améliorer encore sa bande passante. Une telle source permet d’envisager la génération et la modulation de signaux microonde faible bruit de phase et largement accordables sur des composants monolithiquement intégrés répondant aux exigences de compacité, de reproductibilité et de performances haut débit requises par les industries des télécommunications, de la défense ou encore du domaine spatial. / This thesis deals with the microwave photonics context. We have implemented various opto- electronic solutions in order to realize a monolithically integrated microwave synthesizer which has a low noise and a wide tunability until millimeter-wave frequencies. The synthesizer is based on the integration of two InP DFB lasers, an optical coupler and a fast photodiode. In addition, an electro-optic modulator is also implemented on the chip in order to transmit data on the generated carrier. The performances obtained in terms of tunability and wireless data transmission proved consistent with the objectives. Thus, a tuning range of 0-110 GHz and a short distance wireless data transmission rate of 1 Gbit /s have been demonstrated, establishing our system to the state of the art for this type of fully integrated component. Phase noise and linewidth performances have however been disappointing. To solve this problem affecting the data rate we have investigated two ways of stabilizing the carrier frequency. The first, based on an electronic feedback loop (OPLL) has yet proved unsuccessful but allowed us to further explore the related issues. However, the second solution, based on a new system of optical cross injection and stabilization to an external electronic oscillator has filled our wishes. Indeed, the stabilization of the carrier frequency by this technique has demonstrated linewidth less than 30 Hz and a reduced phase noise to -90 dBc / Hz at 10 kHz for a given carrier at 90 GHz. Next to the first generation components, a second generation was developed to improve the intrinsic performances of the chip by remedying the limitations previously observed. Thus, a new cavity configuration was designed including longer lasers and high reflectivity integrated mirrors made by materials deep etching. Moreover, optimization of the photodiode structure was carried out to further improve the bandwidth. Such a source allows to consider the generation and modulation of low phase noise and widely tunable microwave signals on monolithically integrated components matching the compactness, reproducibility and high speed performances required by the telecom, defense and space industries.

The diploma thesis deals with the design of the new building of the winery with the possibility of accommodation near of Klentnice. The building consists of four parts. The first is the production where grapes are degraded, fermented, pressed, stored, bottled, labeled and subsequently exported. The second is the administrative part where are three offices. The third is a tasting section overlooking the vineyards. The last one is the accommodation with a capacity of 7 rooms. The building is basement and has two floors.

Diploma thesis deals with project documentation for construction of the facility. Specifically, it is a hotel on the street Hlinky in Brno. Hotel capacity is 58 beds and 60 seated restaurant. The building will have one floor underground and five floors above ground. The building will have a bearing structure of reinforced concrete monolithic skeleton, accompanied by reinforcing monolithic wall. External walls will be created by filling the porous masonry blocks. Horizontal framework will be created locally supported monolithic reinforced concrete slabs. The roof of the hotel is flat. In 4th and 5th floor are created terraces.

Subject of my thesis is the design and preparation of project documentation for building permit municipal library land parcel. no. 885/1,. The building is designed in accordance with the master plan of the town dissertation received. It is situated so as not to disrupt local development. Its shape and because it is designed to fit into the local structure. Further emphasis on ensuring the structure after the static, architectural, energy saving and safety in use of the building. The building has four floors with a flat roof on three levels. It is a monolithic skeletal structure. Layout 1st floor is composed of hall with information, bookstore and multi-purpose hall. In the 2nd floor there is a borrowing of books for children and youth with stationery (copycentrum). In the 3rd floor is located also borrowing books, but this time for adults. 4th floor consists of the administration of the library. Each floor has restrooms for visitors and staff, storage and archives. The entire building is designed as a barrier.

The subject of this diploma thesis is the design of a new boarding house in Vyškov. The building is designed as a detached house. The land on which the building is designed is located in the southern part of Vyškov on Brněnská Street. The proposed building has 1 underground floor and 3 above-ground floors. The first floor has an L-shaped floor plan with the dimensions of the longest sides 43x28.9 m. The other two floors are different shapes. In the basement there is a technical background of the building and storage space. The other two floors are used for accommodation and have a total of 13 room units. On the second floor there is also an operating office. The construction system of the building is transversely brick. The perimeter of the building is made of ground Porotherm brick blocks, insulated with the ETICS contact thermal insulation system. The ceiling structures are designed as reinforced concrete monolithic ceiling slabs. The roof of the building consists of 3 different flat roofs. The roof cladding above the first floor is designed as a walkable terrace with a tread layer of concrete paving on rectifying pads. The roof above the second floor is designed as a vegetation and the roof above the third floor is designed as a single skin with a classic order of layers.