The subject of the master’s thesis is elaboration of the complete project design documentation of accommodation. The object is designed as a double-star boarding house with stables and a caretaker's flat. It is situated in the village Pružina-Chmelisko, on recreation grounds. The object of the boarding house is divided into three above-ground floors and one underground floor. The roof structure is designed as a gable roof. The stables are single-storey buildings with partially used attic above the caretaker’s flat. The roof structure is gabbled. The carrier system of the boarding house consists of clay blocks and a monolithic, reinforced concrete floor slab. The stables’ carrier system is designed as a wooden joist floor, ceramic fittings are slated for filling. Within specialization is the solution of fire safety assessment of both buildings, thermal technical assessment, assessment of acoustics and lighting of the boarding house.

Diplomová práce se zabývá návrhem penzionu v kombinaci dřevostavby a železobetonové konstrukce. Objekt je zastřešen sedlovou střechou s obytným podkrovím a částečně podsklepen. V suterénu se nachází technické zázemí a skladovací prostory. V přízemí je restaurace pro 44 osob, kuchyně se zázemím a prostory pro personál. Ve 2. NP je navrženo 7 čtyřlůžkových pokojů oddělených od společenské místnosti a dětského koutku. V podkroví je 9 dvoulůžkových pokojů, z nichž jeden je řešen bezbariérově. Patra jsou propojena schodištěm a výtahem. V podkroví i 2.NP je sklad prádla a úklidová místnost. Objekt je opláštěn dřevěnými palubkami, které tvoří provětrávanou fasádu, a v přízemí také omítkou.

With the growth of cloud computing, various delivery models have emerged to attract developers looking for scalable and cost-effective infrastructures for their software. Traditionally, applications are developed as a monolith with one single codebase repository, and they are easily deployed; for example as Platform as a Service (PaaS). However, monolithic applications have received criticism for inefficient resource handling when deployed on the cloud; therefore, new delivery models have been introduced as alternatives. Recent research points towards Function as a Service (FaaS) to potentially solve the issue of inefficient resource handling and, therefore, reduce costs. Furthermore, since multiple distinct development strategies and delivery models exist, it becomes increasingly important to choose the right strategy from the beginning since migrating to another development strategy or deployment model in the future is rather expensive. This thesis load tests monolithic and serverless applications to determine which development approach best suits performance, scalability, and cost requirements. The findings obtained showed that an application implemented with a serverless architecture can be a better strategy if the application needs to be able to handle a sudden large up-scaling. Otherwise, both architectures showed similar results to stable workloads. Regarding costs, the serverless architecture optimized costs on a smaller scale but further analysis showed that it can surpass the costs of a monolithic architecture if it surpasses a threshold of requests per month. / Nya molntjänster har lanserats för att locka utvecklare som letar efter skalbara och kostnadseffektiva infrastrukturer för sin programvara. Traditionellt utvecklas applikationer som en monolit med en enda kodbas, och de är lätta att lansera; till exempel med Platform as a Service (PaaS). Monolitiska applikationer har dock fått kritik för ineffektiv resurshantering när de distribueras i molnet; därför har nya servicemodeller introducerats som alternativ. Ny forskning pekar mot Function as a Service (FaaS) för att potentiellt lösa problemet med ineffektiv resurshantering och därför minska kostnaderna. Dessutom, eftersom det finns flera olika utvecklingsstrategier och servicemodeller, blir det allt viktigare att välja rätt strategi från början eftersom att det kan bli dyrt att migrera till en annan strategi i framtiden. Detta examensarbete testar en monolitisk applikation och en serverlös applikation för att avgöra vilken utvecklingsmetod som passar bäst gällande prestanda, skalbarhet och kostnadskrav. Resultaten som erhölls visade att en applikation implementerad med en serverlös arkitektur kan vara en bättre strategi om applikationen ska kunna hantera en snabb uppskalning. Annars visade båda arkitekturerna liknande resultat när det var stabilare arbetsbelastningar. Serverlösa arkitekturen optimerade kostanderna i en mindre skala, men vidare analyser visade att kostnaden kan överskrida en monolitisk arkitektur om applikationens efterfrågan skulle passera ett visst antal användare per månad.

Många stora organisationer som myndigheter och banker arbetar med en monolitisk applikationsarkitektur som är ett gammalt sätt att strukturera applikationer. Flera faktorer som att attrahera och behålla talang, vara skalbar och flexibel, samt en bra tjänsteleverans driver dessa organisationer att byta till en mikrotjänstorienterad arkitektur. Att migrera stora applikationer och samtidigt leverera tjänster till kunder eller användare är en stor och svår uppgift. Problemet är att det inte finns tillräckligt med forskning om hur man arbetar under denna typ av modernisering av applikationsarkitekturen samtidigt som organisatorisk stabilitet upprätthålls. Denna studie syftar till att bättre förstå hur organisatorisk stabilitet kan upprätthållas under tider av stora tekniska förändringar i arbetssätt under övergångsperioden för arkitekturer. Studien utgick från följande forskningsfråga: Hur upprätthålls organisatorisk stabilitet under övergångsperioden för modernisering av arkitekturer under flytten mot mikrotjänster? Studien har baserats på en kvalitativ ansats, där en fallstudie har använts för att samla in empiriskt material. Studiens empiriska material har samlats in genom åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer med anställda med olika roller på myndigheten som utför ett storskaligt applikationsarkitektur projekt; containerprojektet. Datan analyserades med hjälp av tematisk analys. Studiens resultat visar hur både förberedande och löpande hantering är viktiga för framgång. I de förberedande stadierna är faktorer relaterade till risktagande och hantering av projektets arbetsstyrka viktiga att besluta om. När projektet väl har startat är det viktigt att aktivt arbeta med förändringsarbete och att vara flexibel, kommunicera med riktad information och hantera varje specifikt hinder noggrant. Studien visade också hur valet av teknik inte är avgörande för projektets framgång utan en metod för att nå dit. Resultaten har visat hur uppdelningen av en stor plan i mindre projekt, som vidare delas upp i faser, är en framgångsfaktor. Studien har bidragit med nya insikter till forskningen inom IT-hantering och applikationsarkitektur. / Many large organizations, such as government entities and banks, operate with a monolithic application architecture, an old way of structuring applications. Several factors including attracting and maintaining talent, being scalable and flexible, as well as a good service delivery, are driving these organizations to change toward a microservice-oriented architecture. To migrate large applications while simultaneously delivering the services to clients or users is a large and challenging task. The problem is that there is insufficient research on how to work during this type of application architecture modernization while maintaining organizational stability. This thesis aims to better understand how organizational stability can be maintained during times of disruptive technological change in the workspace during the transition period of architecture. The study utilized the following research question: How to maintain organizational stability in the transition period of architectural modernization moving towards microservices? The study has been based on a qualitative approach, where one case has been used in gathering empirical material. The study's empirical material has been collected through eight semi-structured interviews with employees of various roles at the Swedish agency performing a large-scale application architecture project; the containerization-project. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The thesis findings show how both preparatory and ongoing management contributions are essential for success. In the preparatory stages, factors related to risk-taking and managing the project workforce are essential to decide. Once the project has started, it is crucial to work on change management efforts actively and to be flexible, communicate with targeted information, and handle each specific obstacle carefully. The study also showed how the choice of technologies is not central to the project's success but a method to get there. The findings have shown how dividing a large plan into smaller projects, further divided into phases, is a success factor. The study contributed new insights to IT management and application architecture research.

A simple capillary flow porometer (CFP) was assembled for pore structure characterization of monolithic capillary liquid chromatography columns based on ASTM standard F316-86. Determination of differential pressures and flow rates through dry and wet samples provided the necessary information to determine the through-pore throat diameter, bubble point pore diameter, mean flow pore diameter, and pore distribution. Unlike measurements in bulk using traditional techniques to provide indirect information about the pore properties of monolithic columns, monoliths can be characterized in their original chromatographic forms with this system. The performance of the new CFP was first evaluated by characterizing the pore size distributions of capillary columns packed with 3, 5, and 7 µm spherical silica particles. The mean through-pore diameters of the three packed columns were measured to be 0.5, 1.0 and 1.4 µm, which are all smaller than the pore diameters calculated from a close-packed arrangement (i.e., 0.7, 1.1 and 1.6 µm), with distributions ranging from 0.1 - 0.7, 0.3 - 1.1 and 0.4 - 2.6 µm, respectively. This is reasonable, since visual inspection of SEM images of the particles showed relatively large fractions of smaller than specified particles in the samples. Typical silica monoliths were fabricated via phase separation by polymerization of tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The mean pore diameter and pore size distribution measured using the CFP system verified that a greater number of pores with small throat diameters were prepared in columns with higher PEG content in the prepolymer mixture. SEM images also showed that the pore diameters of monoliths fabricated in bulk were found to be smaller than those in monoliths synthesized by the same procedure, but confined in capillary tubes. The CFP system was also used to study the effects of column inner diameter and length on pore properties of polymeric monoliths. Typical monoliths based on butyl methacrylate (BMA) and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) in capillary columns with different inner diameters (i.e., 50 to 250 µm) and lengths (i.e., 1.5 to 3.0 cm) were characterized. The mean pore diameters and the pore size distributions indicated that varying the inner diameter and/or the length of the column affected little the pore properties. The latter finding is especially important to substantiate the use of CFP for determination of monolithic pore structures in capillaries. The results indicate that the through-pores are highly interconnected and, therefore, pore structure determinations by CFP are independent of capillary length. A negatively charged polymer monolith based on BMA, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) and 2-acryloylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid monomer (AMPS), was successfully prepared in silica sacrificial layer, planar (SLP) microchannels. Extraction of FITC (fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate) labeled phenylalanine and capillary electrochromatography (CEC) of FITC labeled glycine using this monolithic stationary phase were demonstrated.

Объект исследования – процесс строительства монолитных гражданских зданий в Китае. Технология монолитного железобетона является важным элементом современного строительного комплекса Китая. Различные комбинации основных строительных машин во многом определяют технологические и экономические показатели процесса возведения несущего остова монолитного здания. Основываясь на характеристиках строительных машин для монолитного строительства и теории многофакторной комплексной оценки, в работе предлагается модель подбора комплектов строительных машин для возведения монолитного гражданского здания. Модель включает систему показателей, получение и обработку показателей, весового коэффициента, выбор метода сборки. В результате сравнительного анализа предлагаемой модели с известными выявлены ее преимущества, представлено практическое применение модели на примере монолитного здания в Китае. / The object of the research is the construction process of monolithic civil buildings in China. Monolithic reinforced concrete technology is an important element of the modern construction complex in China. Various combinations of basic construction machines largely determine the technological and economic indicators of the process of erecting the load-bearing frame of a monolithic building. Based on the characteristics of construction machines for monolithic construction and the theory of multifactor comprehensive assessment, the paper proposes a model for selecting sets of construction machines for the construction of a monolithic civil building. The model includes a system of indicators, obtaining and processing indicators, a weighting coefficient, and choosing an assembly method. As a result of a comparative analysis of the proposed model with the known ones, its advantages are revealed, and the practical application of the model is presented using the example of a monolithic building in China.

The aim of this study was to compare the clinical properties of tooth-colored computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) materials for the fabrication of a 3-unit fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) in the same clinical scenario. A 53-year-old female patient was supplied with a 3-unit FDP to replace a second premolar in the upper jaw. Restorations were fabricated from 3 mol%, 4 mol%, and 5 mol% yttrium oxide zirconia, zirconia with translucency gradient, indirect composite resin, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), and polyetherketoneketone (PEKK). Milling time, weight, and radiopacity were investigated. Esthetics were examined following the US Public Health Service criteria (USPHS). The milling time for zirconia was twice as high as for the indirect composite resin, PEEK, or PEKK. The latter materials had a weight of 2 g each, while zirconia restorations yielded 5 g. Zirconia presented intense radiopacity. PEEK and PEKK required veneering and an opaquer was applied to the PEKK framework. All FDPs showed acceptable esthetics. PEEK and PEKK restorations were featured by a grayish shimmering. A variety of CAD/CAM materials are available to fabricate 3-unit FDPs with esthetically acceptable results. In the esthetic zone, PEEK and PEKK require veneering and an opaquer might be applied. Milling time, weight, and radiopacity were relatively high for zirconia FDPs.

As monolithic software grows in complexity, they tend to reach a point where further improvements and maintenance become a significant burden. Therefore, Many organizations consider moving components of their systems into separate microservices. Distributed systems with loosely coupled microservices tend to become more manageable involving development, deployment, and maintenance.  Transitioning from a monolithic architecture to an architecture based on microservices is not straightforward. The purpose of this thesis is to study and develop a strategy for extracting microservices from a pre-existing monolithic system. It also intends to provide concepts for how to investigate and carry out migrations.  The results showed that serverless computing would serve the system in question well while simultaneously leveraging DevOps principles across an entire domain. In conclusion, the strategy was summed up in several steps that represent the initiation towards full migration. Further research needs to be conducted on avoiding abrupt interruptions of services during migration and how to share data effectively across services and domains. / När monolitisk programvara växer i komplexitet finns det en tendens att den når ett tillstånd där ytterligare förbättringar och underhåll orsakar avsevärd börda. Många organisationer överväger därför att flytta komponenter från sina system till separata mikrotjänster. Distribuerade system med löst kopplade mikrotjänster syftar till att vara mer hanterbara med avseende till utveckling, driftsättning och underhåll.  Övergången från en monolitisk arkitektur till en arkitektur baserad på mikrotjänster är ibland inte helt självklar. Därför är syftet med detta examensarbete att studera och utveckla en strategi för att extrahera mikrotjänster från ett redan existerande monolitiskt system. Rapporten avser även att ge koncept för hur man utreder och genomför en migration.  Resultaten visar att serverlös databehandling skulle vara till nytta för systemet i fråga och samtidigt främja nyttjandet DevOps-principerna över en tjänst som utgör en hel domän. Strategin sammanfattades i flertalet steg, vilka representerar migrationsövergången. Ytterligare forskning behöver utföras för att undvika plötsliga avbrott i tjänster under migration och hur man effektivt kan dela data mellan tjänster och domäner.

The application of epitaxially grown, III-V semiconductor-based nanostructures to the development of electro-optical and all-optical switches is investigated through the fabrication and testing of integrated photonic devices designed using multimode interference (MMI) waveguides. The properties and limitations of the materials are explored with respect to the operation of those devices through electrical carrier injection and optical pumping. MMI waveguide geometry was employed as it offered advantages such as a very compact device footprint, low polarization sensitivity, large bandwidth and relaxed fabrication tolerances when compared with conventional single-mode waveguide formats. The first portion of this dissertation focuses on the characterization of the materials and material processing techniques for the monolithic integration of In0.15Ga0.85As/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots (SAQD) and InGaAsP/InGaAsP multiple quantum wells (MQW). Supplemental methods for post-growth bandgap tuning and waveguide formation were developed, including a plasma treatment process which is demonstrated to reliably inhibit thermally induced interdiffusion of Ga and In atoms in In0.15Ga0.85As/GaAs quantum dots. The process is comparable to the existing approach of capping the SAQD wafer with TiO2, while being simpler to implement along-side companion techniques such as impurity free vacancy disordering. Study of plasma-surface interactions in both wafer structures suggests that the effect may be dependent on the composition of the contact layer. The second portion of this work deals with the design, fabrication, and the testing of MMI switches which are used to investigate the limits of electrical current control when employing SAQD as the active core material. A variable power splitter based on a 3-dB MMI coupler is used to analyze the effects of sub-microsecond electrical current pulses in relation to carrier and thermal nonlinearities. Electrical current controlled switching of the variable power splitter and a tunable 2 x 2 MMI coupler is also demonstrated. The third part of this dissertation explores the response of In0.15Ga0.85As/GaAs SAQD waveguide structures to photogenerated carriers. Also presented is a simple, but effective, design modification to the 2 x 2 MMI cross-coupler switch that allows control over the carrier distribution within the MMI waveguide. This technique is combined with selective-area bandgap tuning to demonstrate a compact, working, all-optical MMI based switch.

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