Objectif. L’objectif principal de ce mémoire consiste à comparer trois groupes de délinquants sexuels sur différents facteurs au plan développemental, psychologique et comportemental (consommateurs de pornographie juvénile, consommateurs de pornographie juvénile avec victime et agresseurs sexuels). Cette comparaison permettra aussi d’observer avec quel groupe les consommateurs de pornographie juvénile avec victime manifestent le plus de similarités. De plus, il sera question d’examiner le poids des différents facteurs retenus en lien avec l’appartenance à l’un des trois groupes de délinquants sexuels. Méthodologie. L’échantillon est composé de 50 consommateurs de pornographie juvénile (PJ), 52 consommateurs de pornographie juvénile avec victime (PJV) et de 40 agresseurs sexuels (n= 146). Tous ces hommes ont fait l’objet d’une expertise sexuelle au Centre d’intervention en délinquance sexuelle de Laval (CIDS). Afin de cibler les facteurs les plus intéressants et pertinents, des analyses de Chi-carré et des tests de moyennes ont été menés. Des analyses de régressions logistiques multinomiales ont ensuite été utilisées afin de vérifier le poids des différents facteurs sur l’appartenance à l’un des trois groupes de délinquants sexuels. Résultats. Les analyses suggèrent que les consommateurs de pornographie juvénile, ainsi que les consommateurs de pornographie juvénile avec victime se différencient significativement des agresseurs sexuels au plan de leur relation avec leur père, de leur consommation de drogues et de pornographie légale, ainsi que par rapport à leur pratique d’activités à des fins sexuelles. De plus, le groupe de consommateurs de pornographie avec victime se différencie sur seulement un élément lorsqu’on le compare au groupe de consommateurs de pornographie juvénile; les individus du premier groupe auraient tendance à présenter plus d’antécédents criminels non sexuels à leur actif. De plus, il est possible d’affirmer que, selon les résultats obtenus, les consommateurs de pornographie juvénile avec victime s’apparentent davantage aux consommateurs de pornographie juvénile plutôt qu’aux agresseurs sexuels. / Objectives. The primary objective of this master’s thesis involves the study of similarities between three types of sexual offenders (child pornography offenders, child pornography offenders with victim and sexual offenders) according to different developmental, psychological and behavioural factors. The objective will also determine with which group the child pornography offenders with victim share the most similarities. In addition, it will address the importance of the different factors taken into account into belonging to one of the three groups of sexual offenders. Methodology. The sample consists of 50 child pornography offenders (CP), 52 child pornography offenders with victim (CPV) and 40 sexual offenders (n= 146). All of these men were the subject of a study on sexual behaviour conducted by the Centre d’intervention en délinquance sexuelle de Laval (CIDS); chi-squared analysis as well as comparative analysis were conducted in order to determine the most significant and applicable factors. Analyses of multinomial logistic regressions were thereafter applied in order to determine the significance of the different factors into belonging to one of the three groups of sexual offenders. Results. Analyses suggest that child pornography offenders and child pornography offenders with victim are significantly different from sexual offenders when it comes to the issues of relationship with their father, to drug use, consumption of legal pornography as well as to their extramarital activities. Moreover, only one factor distinguishes child pornography offenders with victims from the group of child pornography offenders; they are more likely to have a criminal record which includes more non-sexual criminal convictions. Additionally, according to results, we can argue that child pornography offenders with victim exhibit patterns more likely to relate to child pornography offenders than to the group of sexual offenders.

When a child has been sexually abused, the non-offending parent and child may benefit from an intervention aimed at enhancing the parent child relationship. This mixed-methods study examined the process of child parent relationship therapy (CPRT) with non-offending parents of children who had been sexually abused. One purpose of the present study was to examine change in parent-child relationship, child behavior, and parent empathy of non-offending parents whose children have been sexually abused after participation in CPRT. A secondary purpose of this study was to explore subjective experiences of non-offending parents who participate in CPRT. Participants (N = 8) completed 11 weeks of CPRT in either Spanish speaking (n = 4) or English speaking (n = 4) groups. All participants completed pretest and posttest instruments including Child Behavior Checklist, Parenting Stress Index, and Measurement of Empathy in Adult-Child Interaction. Pretest and posttest means were reported but because of small sample size, only descriptive statistics are reported. Possible trends in pretest/posttest mean scores of the quantitative instruments are discussed. All participants also completed a post semi-structured interview to account for the experience of participants qualitatively. Analysis of the qualitative data revealed enhanced parent-child relationships, improved communication, greater acceptance, positive parental internal changes, positive behavioral changes in child, and positive changes in discipline.

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Uno degli aspetti più documentati del comportamento deviante è che una porzione considerevole di reati è commessa da più persone che collaborano tra loro, e non da criminali che agiscono in autonomia. Oltre ad analizzare le caratteristiche della compartecipazione nei reati, alcuni studi recenti si sono focalizzati sulla comprensione della sua evoluzione lungo la carriera criminale dell’individuo, e sul suo impatto sulla traiettoria criminale. Il concetto di collaborazione criminale è particolarmente rilevante nel contesto dei gruppi criminali organizzati, per i quali le interazioni tra i membri costituiscono l’essenza del loro funzionamento, e i reati commessi sono spesso logisticamente complessi. Ciononostante, il fenomeno della collaborazione criminale ha ricevuto scarsa attenzione nella ricerca sulla criminalità organizzata, e nessuno studio analizza il suo ruolo nel definire la traiettoria criminale del singolo individuo che entra a fare parte di un'organizzazione criminale. Il presente studio mira a colmare questa lacuna in letteratura analizzando i dati sui 178.427 reati commessi da tutti gli 11.138 individui condannati per associazione mafiosa in Italia tra il 1985 e il 2017. I dati includono informazioni sull’eventuale concorso in reato per ogni crimine commesso. L’analisi condotta si avvale di diverse metodologie quantitative con lo scopo di fornire un quadro descrittivo della collaborazione criminale nella criminalità organizzata; determinare se i membri delle organizzazioni criminali hanno diverse traiettorie longitudinali di collaborazione criminale; comprendere quale sia l’impatto di commettere crimini in collaborazione con altri individui sul comportamento criminale futuro; e studiare come la collaborazione criminale sia correlata con il reclutamento nella criminalità organizzata. I risultati dell’analisi dimostrano che il concorso in reato non è una caratteristica incidentale dei crimini commessi dagli individui che fanno parte dei gruppi criminali organizzati. Alcune delle caratteristiche della collaborazione criminale nel contesto della criminalità organizzata riflettono i risultati principali ottenuti negli studi condotti in altre popolazioni criminali, ma emergono alcune peculiarità. Inoltre, il trend aggregato di compartecipazione nei reati dei mafiosi italiani può essere approssimato da cinque traiettorie che raggruppano individui con caratteristiche specifiche. Infine, la collaborazione criminale appare correlata con dei cambiamenti nei successivi comportamenti criminali degli individui: in particolare, è connessa a una più alta probabilità di commettere reati violenti, e di entrare a far parte dell’organizzazione criminale nel breve periodo. Lo studio discute questi risultati alla luce della letteratura sullo sviluppo dei comportamenti criminali per i membri dei gruppi criminali organizzati, e in relazione alla ricerca esistente sulle cause e conseguenze di commettere reati in collaborazione con altri individui. / One of the most documented findings on delinquent behavior is that many crimes are committed in the company of others rather than by solo offenders. Besides studying the characteristics of co-offending, recent works have focused on understanding its evolution over the individual criminal career, and its impact on the offending trajectory. Co-offending is especially relevant within organized criminal groups, where interactions among participating offenders constitute the core functioning of the criminal organization, and crimes committed are often logistically complex. In spite of this, few studies on co-offending in organized crime exist, and none of them investigates the role that co-offending has on the offending pathway of the single individual. This study addresses this gap in research by analyzing data on all the 178,427 crimes committed by 11,138 offenders convicted for mafia association in Italy between 1985 and 2017. The data set includes information on whether each crime was committed with accomplices. The analysis exploits different quantitative methodologies with the aim to describe the characteristics of co-offenses and co-offenders in organized crime; determine whether organized crime offenders have different longitudinal co-offending trajectories; investigate whether committing crimes with others impacts future offending; and understand how co-offending is related to recruitment into organized crime. Results demonstrate that co-offending is not an incidental feature of crimes committed by organized crime offenders. Some of the characteristics of co-offending in organized crime reflect findings from other offending samples, but some peculiarities emerge. Furthermore, the longitudinal co-offending behavior of Italian organized crime offenders is best approximated by five trajectories that group offenders with distinct characteristics. Finally, co-offending is related to changes in the future offending behavior of organized crime offenders: in particular, it is related to higher chances of engaging in violent forms of delinquency and experiencing organized crime recruitment in the short term. These findings are discussed in relation to both research on the developmental course of offending for members of organized criminal groups, and existing knowledge on the causes and consequences of offending with others.

Aim: The aim of this study was to identify and interpret former criminal delinquents experiences of what internal, social and structual factors are contingent on the process of change in offending. Method: A qualitative method was used with a hermeneutic approach. A qualitative inquiry was conducted through three semi-structured life story interviews with former criminal delinquents working on an organization that specifically strives to help delinquents to desist from crime.  The mode of analysis utilized in this study was the concept of turning points and a life course perspective which are useful tools in understanding the crucial parts of the processes and factors in the desistance process. Results: The results identified twelve sub-interpretations which were distilled into three over-arching interpretations which lead to the following singular conceptual interpretation: Creating preconditions to promote reintegration and readaptation to society is viewed as important to successfully desist from crime, which, in turn, depends on three sets of factors: cognitive transformation, individual’s social environment and structural/external factors which are interdependent on each other. Future research areas are suggested.

Univerzita Karlova v Praze 1. lékařská fakulta Studijní program: Specializace ve zdravotnictví Studijní obor: Adiktologie Dita Dočekalová Dohled probačního úředníka nad klientem užívajícím návykové látky Supervision of a probation officer over a client using addictive substances Abstract Vedoucí závěrečné práce Mgr. Pavlína Gabrhelíková, Ph.D. Praha, 2020 ABSTRACT Background: This diploma thesis deals with the supervision of a probation officer at the Probation and Mediation Service clients who are also users of addictive substances and committed crime under the influence of these substances. It is not obligatory for a probation officers to have an addictological education, but due to the increasing number of drug-related crime, supplementing knowledge in this area is desirable. The focus of the work is qualitative research, which consists of analyzing documents and describing casework with my clients using addictive substances. Objectives: The aim of this work is to show, based on independent case reports of my selected clients of the Probation and Mediation Service, who are substance abuse users, that addictological knowledge of probation workers, namely work with motivation and realistic matching, can be a protective factor at work with this type of clients. Sample: The issue will be demonstrated on...

Univerzita Karlova v Praze 1. lékařská fakulta Studijní program: Specializace ve zdravotnictví Studijní obor: Adiktologie Dita Dočekalová Dohled probačního úředníka nad klientem užívajícím návykové látky Supervision of a probation officer over a client using addictive substances Abstract Vedoucí závěrečné práce Mgr. Pavlína Gabrhelíková, Ph.D. Praha, 2021 ABSTRACT Background: This diploma thesis deals with the supervision of a probation officer at the Probation and Mediation Service clients who are also users of addictive substances and committed crime under the influence of these substances. It is not obligatory for a probation officers to have an addictological education, but due to the increasing number of drug-related crime, supplementing knowledge in this area is desirable. The focus of the work is qualitative research, which consists of analyzing documents and describing casework with my clients using addictive substances. Objectives: The main objective of this work is to demonstrate the application of key addictology skills in the specific conditions of the Probation and Mediation Service, during supervision with addictive substance abuse users. Sample: The issue will be demonstrated from the results of working with three clients of the Probation and Mediation Service, who have been given suspended...

Situational Action Theory (SAT), a recently developed explanation of criminal conduct, is becoming increasingly studied. Hitherto, however, nearly all tests of the theory and its hypotheses have been based on samples of adolescents or young adults. Studies drawing on the older population have been missing so far. This work addresses the interplay of moral beliefs and the ability to exercise self-control in crime causation among respondents aged 50 years and over. In line with SAT and the results obtained previously for young people, our analyses show that self-control ability affects offending among older adults too, particularly when personal morality is weak.

Objectives: This study examined how frequently online sexual solicitation of adolescents and children by adults occurs and what characteristics the perpetrators have using a novel methodological approach. Method: In an online survey, we investigated the frequency of online sexual solicitation exhibited by adult Internet users (N ¼ 2,828), including a subgroup recruited on pedophilia-related websites. Perpetrators soliciting adolescents were compared to those soliciting children concerning solicitation outcomes (e.g., cybersex) and demography. Results: In total, 4.5 percent reported soliciting adolescents and 1.0 percent reported soliciting children. Most solicitors of adolescents and children were from pedophilia-related websites (49.1 and 79.2 percent). Solicitation frequently involved sexual outcomes (47.5 percent), which also followed nonsexual interaction. The minors’ age did not affect the odds of sexual outcomes. A substantial proportion of perpetrators were female. Conclusions: This study offers unprecedented data on the number of adults soliciting minors. Although adolescents were more often target of solicitation, the risk of sexual outcomes was equally high in solicitation of children, suggesting younger children to be considered in prevention efforts as well. Nonsexual interactions resulting in sexual outcomes need to be more closely examined to inform appropriate prevention efforts. Moreover, awareness should be raised about females as perpetrators.

Research on hate crime has tended to utilize sociological frameworks to best explain the incidence of such offending, but little research has been conducted to determine whether political factors may play a role. Although Olzak (1990) touched upon the relationship between racial violence and third-party politics during the American Progressive era (1882-1914), the research did not fully articulate how political competition may influence the commission of hate crime. The current study seeks to fill this gap, while also extending concepts associated with social disorganization theory and the defended communities perspective. It does so by utilizing a longitudinal research design to assess the impact of theoretical predictors and political competition measures on hate crime prevalence in counties across three states (Tennessee, Virginia & West Virginia) over a seven-year span (2010-2016).