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The aim of this study is to analyse and describe how resilient adolescent learners in a township school cope with school violence in order to develop and recommend a model to promote resilience in coping with school violence. As basis for this study violence is described and explained in the theoretical framework of the ecosystemic theory, as well as the social learning and cognitive behavioural theories. Based on these theories violence is discussed as a reaction and as an action that occurs through reciprocal interaction between the systems and the social environment. Through this interaction adolescent learners could be exposed to individual, family, community and school related risk factors and external barriers, which could have psychological impact, and could lead to a path of violence and self-destruction. Thus, the view of the study is that some learners have the ability and skills to cope with school violence, whilst others are not capable of coping with school violence. However, both groups could learn coping skills. This study wishes to further show that in order for adolescent learners in a township school to cope with school violence certain intrapersonal characteristics and social interpersonal skills of resilience, as well as external protective factors should be present. Therefore, background to research into the theories of resilience and coping based on Salutogenesis is provided. Salutogenesis stresses the importance of how well-being (resilience and coping) is created and maintained. The specific research design selected for this study is a case study and is qualitative, explorative and descriptive in nature. This research design is also emergent and is logically constructed according to qualitative research methods to ensure credibility and validity if the study. The research design further provides clear direction for the way in which the fieldwork is undertaken. A two-pronged approach was followed with the data collection. First, a pilot study was done for refinement of questions and data collection formats as well as for understanding the realities of the fieldwork and research process. Secondly, the data were collected from participants in three different phases, including gathering of background information of the school; obtaining views about school violence, resilience and coping; as well as collecting data from resilient adolescent learners about their violent experiences and how they coped with school violence. The process of analysis that was followed was to describe the protocol for all phases; to identify and describe the themes that emerged from the data of all phases; and to present a clear profile of each resilient adolescent learner. The results were presented within a narrative that should provide the reader with enough information to determine whether the findings of the study could possibly apply to other people or settings. The findings of the study revealed that many adolescent learners in the township school experienced direct incidences of violence either at school or in the community. The most common types of violence reported by the participants, are bullying, fighting, swearing, gangsterism, carrying of weapons, stabbing and gambling. Other contributory factors are racism and substance abuse. Reportedly, the nature of violence changed over the years because of efforts, mainly from the educators, to develop a workable discipline system. It was also found that there were learners at this school who coped with school violence because of intrapersonal characteristics of resilience, social interpersonal skills, and external factors. The intrapersonal characteristics of resilience are an appealing temperament; sense of coherence; internal locus of control; positive self-concept; being future directed, and belief in a Higher Being. The social interpersonal skills are communication skills, cognitive skills, and conflict resolution skills. The external factors are family support and social support. Based on these findings this thesis develops and recommends a systemic-based model to promote resilience in adolescent learners in coping with school violence in a township school. / Prof. R.E Swart

Background: The United States has pursued stricter immigration enforcement at the U.S.-Mexico border, resulting in the deportation of approximately 2 million individuals over the past decade. This is significant in that deported persons are often caregivers of children, who are then placed at an elevated for developing mental health disorders (e.g. anxiety and depression). Mental health in youth of deported parents is a new topic to academic literature, and this study specifically examines mental health, coping strategies, and resilience in five adolescents of deported parents in Tucson, Arizona. Methods: This study employed mixed-methods, where participants completed two self-report surveys (the DASS-21 and brief COPE inventory) and a semi-structured interview with the researcher. Participant's survey responses and interviews were analyzed to assess their symptomology of depression, anxiety, and stress, exhibition of maladaptive and adaptive coping behaviors, and the factors that influence their resilience post-deportation. Results: The results of the DASS-21 found that participants experience symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, but in varying degrees. The data from the brief COPE inventory suggested that participants mostly refrained from maladaptive coping behaviors (e.g. substance use), but were not drawing from critical adaptive coping strategies like getting emotional support. The interviews revealed that certain risk factors (poverty, living instability, rapid transition to adulthood, and poor academic performance) and promotive factors (family networks, school, group activities, and future orientation) moderate their resilience following deportation. The qualitative data also revealed that participants desire and are not connected to mental health services. Conclusions: The study suggests that youth of deported parents are able to be resilient and avoid negative coping behaviors when experiencing the trauma of familial separation. However, given mild-extremely severe symptomology of depression, anxiety, and stress of participants, it was notable that none of the participants mentioned being connected to or seeking mental health services. Thus, this study's result underscore the need for a comprehensive school-based health system where mental health assistance can be provided on-site.

Disasters occur all over the world, and affect a rising number of people. The health effects of natural disasters depend on several factors present before, during, and after a disaster event. However, there is only limited knowledge of survivors experiences, needs, and health after natural disasters. Disaster radio means a temporary radio station that broadcasts information, music, and support to the affected population. Disaster radio has the potential to function even in a severely affected area, but its effects need to be further evaluated from a health perspective. The context of this thesis was the Haiyan supertyphoon that hit parts of the Philippines in November 2013. The overall aim was to describe survivors’ and health professionals’ experiences during and in the immediate aftermath of a natural disaster, the health effects from such a disaster, and how disaster radio as a disaster response intervention can be used and evaluated from a health perspective. The thesis includes four studies using qualitative research methods, including content analysis and a phenomenological hermeneutic method, and quantitative methods with statistical analysis. The results show that the Haiyan typhoon affected physical, psychological, and social dimensions of health. Disaster radio was used to broadcast health-related information and psychosocial support, and made a positive contribution to recovery from the perspective of the survivors. Being a health professional deployed during the disaster was an experience of being both a helper and a victim. The use of a self-selected internetbased sample recruited via Facebook for a web-based survey mitigated several practical challenges related to disaster research, but also raised questions about the generalizability of the results. Based on the findings, the importance of an integrated physical, psychological, and social health response to natural disasters is emphazized. Also, the health care system should prepare to use disaster radio as disaster response. In addition, the results suggest that disaster training for health professionals should include personal preparation and coping strategies. Internet-based methods in disaster research need to be further evaluated.

At the core of this collaborative ‘independent’ project is a growing and shifting community of practitioners: design students, volunteers, professors, farmers, entrepreneurs, local nonhuman species and the soil; each of us performing our various roles together. By contextualizing this community within the growth economy: industrialization, globalization and capitalism and more specifically: patriarchy, oppression, and alienation, I aim to explore how, through design, we can perform local accountabilities that critically co-respond to the greater anthropocentric narratives of our time. By engaging with autonomous, post-capitalist feminist theories of care, and the queering of normative ways of world-making, I investigate the roles our everyday farm tools play in helping to further explore, ask questions and shape more resilient and convivial practices. Through the collaborative processes of workshopping and prototyping, my collaborators and I challenge the normative narrative of the ‘hero’ tool, looking to our everyday choreographies at the farm for those actions and labours that go unnoticed. Through discussion and material exploration we used the makerly practice of weaving as tool for coming together and helping to create a community of care.

[pt] Com base na premissa que lideranças empreendedoras, para lidar com as demandas num ambiente complexo, precisam ser resilientes, isto é, precisam estar preparadas para enfrentar, vencer e sair fortalecidas das experiências de adversidade; este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar como as características de resiliência individual favoreceram o sucesso empresarial. Para isto, foi feito um estudo exploratório com base nos pilares e fatores de resiliência individual, definidos por Conner (1995), Ojeda (1997), Wagnild E Young (2011), Connor- Davidson (2003) e Sabbag (2010), e entrevistas em profundidade com uma amostra de empresários cariocas, considerados expoentes nos seus respectivos setores de atividade, que receberam o prêmio RIO mais EMPREENDEDOR de 2011 do LIDE Rio e da Agência Rio Negócios. Os principais resultados da pesquisa sugerem que as características de resiliência estão presentes em todas as lideranças empreendedoras entrevistadas, e que tem os seguintes denominadores comuns nos seus comportamentos e práticas: se orientam pela oportunidade diante da adversidade, entendem a mudança como uma vantagem que deve ser explorada e não evitada, têm senso de humor e flexibilidade diante dos desafios, buscam a obtenção de suporte dos outros na vida pessoal e profissional, e possuem a base dos demais pilares – auto estima e auto confiança. / [en] Based upon the assumption that the condition for entrepreneurial leadership to cope with the demands of a complex environment is the need for them to be resilient, i.e., the necessity to be prepared to face, overcome, and come out strengthened from adverse experiences, this study has aimed to analyze how the characteristics of individual resilience have favored business success. Therefore, an exploratory study was conducted based upon the pillars and factors of individual resilience defined by Conner (1995), Ojeda (1997), Wagnild AND Young (2011), Connor-Davidson (2003) and Sabbag (2010), in addition to in-depth interviews with sampling of Rio de Janeiro businessmen, who are deemed as examples or models to be followed in their respective industries and received the RIO plus EMPREENDEDOR award 2011 from LIDE RIO and Agência Rio Negócios. The main research findings suggest that traits of resilience are present in all entrepreneurial leaders interviewed who have the following common denominators in their behaviors and practices: they are opportunity-oriented in times of adversity, understand change as an advantage which ought to be exploited rather than avoided, have a sense of humor and flexibility when faced with challenges, seek to obtain support from others for their personal and professional life, and possess the fundaments for the other pillars, namely selfesteem and self-reliance.

While the validity of posttraumatic growth has been repeatedly questioned, the prevalence of growth after exposure to trauma is widely established. Perceptions of posttraumatic growth were examined in a sample of South African adults (N = 135). Participants completed a selfadministered battery of questionnaires via an online trauma survey or in paper format. Data specific to the nature of the traumatic event, particularly the type of trauma, time since the traumatic event, the impact of the event and perceived threat of the event, were collected along with posttraumatic growth (PTG) scores. Age, gender and perceived social support were also assessed as variables. Results of the multivariate analyses indicated that PTG differed significantly as a function of the type of traumatic event. PTG also differed according to the time since the traumatic event, although the relationship was complex and subject to the additional moderating factors of depression, anxiety and stress. Examination of the growth factors further revealed a differential pattern of PTG according to event type, and a variable pattern of relationship to social support, perceived threat and impact of the trauma. The findings supported the view of PTG as a complex, highly subjective perception of growth that may involve many levels and aspects of change. The nature of PTG is important in the context of South Africa, for the individuals, and their families, who have been exposed to high levels of crime, violence, chronic illness and road accidents, and for a nation in the process of rebuilding itself.

Thesis advisor: Susan Michalczyk / This 2005-2006 Senior Honors Thesis is the story of Holocaust survivor Edgar Krasa and his experience in the Nazi concentration camps. As a human, I felt it was my duty to share his remarkable account with the world. As a writer, I have sought to leave him with something tangible, a small tribute to the suffering he endured. I have attempted to maintain a delicate balance between research and storytelling, as Mr. Krasa's story exists in the context of the theoretical framework I have studied. This work is not meant to speak only of gas chambers, death marches, bitter cold, and death. Rather, it stands as a testament to human loyalty, hope, determination, and unwavering belief in life. It is meant to expose the depths and resilience of the human soul. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2006. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: College Honors Program.

This study will examine the internationalisation process of Swedish fashion brands entering the South Korean market to be able to get an understanding of how the decision of entry strategy is influenced and how it affects the resilience in the market, as well as identify the drivers and barriers influencing the choice of entry mode. The study was conducted through a qualitative multiple case study with an inductive methodology approach. The literature review was established based on the known theories of internationalisation, entry modes and resilience. Here, the concepts discussed throughout the thesis are presented. Interviews were conducted with five different Swedish fashion brands who were all, to different extents, established on the South Korean market to collect empirical findings. These findings were then discussed in correlation to the presented theories to identify patterns within the internationalisation process to the South Korean market. The conclusion of the thesis is that relationships and networks are important drivers to enter and obtain resilience on the South Korean market. This allows the companies to engage in renewal of activities and flexibility in the constantly changing business environment. Language, lack of knowledge and lack of resources are identified as barriers limiting the level of commitment in the South Korean market.

Inundações são eventos cada vez mais freqüentes e a cada ano os prejuízos são maiores. Inicialmente o combate dos prejuízos das inundações se deu na forma de evitá-las através de medidas estruturais. Hoje esta forma de combate vem sendo substituída, ou complementada, por medidas chamadas resilientes, geralmente medidas não estruturais, onde o objetivo é evitar as conseqüências e prejuízos da inundação, e não a própria inundação. Índices para avaliação do risco e conseqüências de inundações são ferramentas importantes para o gerenciamento do risco, eles permitem avaliar o risco, suas conseqüências, e auxiliam no desenvolvimento de planos de combate. Neste trabalho é proposto um índice de perigo (IP) e um índice de resiliência (PWRI): o primeiro lida com a vulnerabilidade de pessoas expostas à corrente de água devido inundação, e o segundo tem o objetivo de avaliar a resiliência de uma região com relação a eventos extremos hidrológicos, onde o risco de inundação e a capacidade de gerenciamento de suas conseqüências são determinados. O índice de resiliência (PWRI), que avalia qualitativamente a resiliência de uma região, é composto por seis fatores: o evento natural causador do risco (Ameaça), a probabilidade de inundação devido ao evento natural (Vulnerabilidade), a quantidade de pessoas expostas (Exposição), avaliação das medidas de prevenção e preparação contra a inundação e suas conseqüências (Antes), medidas de combate direto (Durante) e medidas de reconstrução após o evento (Depois). Os fatores são agrupados em dois grupos, o primeiro envolve a avaliação do Risco (Ameaça, Vulnerabilidade e Exposição) e o segundo a avaliação do Gerenciamento do Risco (Antes, Durante e Depois). Os fatores Ameaça, Vulnerabilidade e Exposição são obtidos a partir da previsão de escoamento superficial, modelo digital de elevação e densidade populacional. Os fatores Antes, Durante e Depois são obtidos a partir de hipóteses estabelecidas para o ano em questão. Os resultados são apresentados em uma nova forma de visualização do índice e são realizadas comparações dos resultados obtidos com eventos de inundação recentes. O índice de resiliência identifica pontos com problemas de inundações, e sugere novos pontos que podem sofrer inundação e perdas com o aumento da impermeabilização do solo e alteração do padrão de precipitação. Para o índice de perigo (IP) é desenvolvido um modelo teórico, onde os resultados são comparados e validados com dados experimentais encontrados na literatura. São apresentadas algumas recomendações e formas de utilização para o índice de perigo. Esta pesquisa forma parte do projeto temático Assessment of Impacts and Vulnerability to Climate Change in Brazil and Strategies for Adaptation Options, FAPESP 2008/58161-1 pela componente Mitigation and adaptation measures of vulnerable communities to cope with water-related risks derived from climate change scenarios at river basins of Sao Carlos. / Floods are becoming more frequent and each year the losses are greater. Initially it was used structural measures to avoid the floods and consequently avoid the losses. Today this is being replaced or supplemented by resilient measures generally in form of non-structural measures where the goal is to avoid the losses and damages and not the flood itself. Indexes for assessing the hazard and flooding losses are important tools in the risk management and allow the assessment of the flooding consequences and development of action plans. This work proposes the hazard index and the resilience index: the first one deals with the vulnerability of people exposed to flooding water flow and the second evaluates the resilience of a region with respect hydrological events. The resilience index (PWRI) is formed by six factors: a natural event which causes the threat (Hazard), the flooding probability due the hazard (Vulnerability), exposed people (Exposure), assessment of pre-flood measures (Before), emergency management (During) and post flood reconstruction measures (After). These factors are grouped into two groups: Risk assessment (Hazard, Vulnerability and Exposure) and the Risk Management (Before, During and After). The Hazard, Vulnerability and Exposure factors are obtained from the predicted runoff, digital elevation model and population density. Before, During and After factors are obtained from hypothesis. The resilience index is developed and compared with known flooding points map. It is shown that new flooding points are expected with the increase of the urbanization and land impermeabilization. The second part of the work is the hazard index (IP). A theoretical model is developed to evaluate the forces and limit conditions where people are dragged by water flow. The critical points of velocity and water depth are determined with the model and compared to experimental data found in the literature. In the end some suggestion and recommendation are present.