nÃo hà / A dissertaÃÃo investiga o processo de tomadas de decisÃes nos Governos do Estado do Cearà que se seguiram à derrocada dos âcoronÃisâ, a tradicional elite do poder que governara durante o regime militar. As decisÃes de construir uma refinaria (Refinaria do Nordeste â Renor) e um porto localizado em um distrito industrial (Complexo Industrial e PortuÃrio do PecÃm â CIPP) foram utilizadas como estudos de caso para interpretar o processo. O CIPP à uma obra cujos recursos sÃo em sua maior parte de responsabilidade da UniÃo e a Renor, nele localizada, serà construÃda com capital privado. Apesar disso, em ambos os empreendimentos tem sido determinante a participaÃÃo do Governo Estadual, ocorrendo durante o segundo mandato do governador Tasso Jereissati (1995-98) a resoluÃÃo de encaminhar a construÃÃo dos dois empreendimentos. A revisÃo de literatura sobre processo decisÃrio revelou uma polarizaÃÃo entre uma visÃo pluralista do poder, defensora da idÃia de encontrarem-se os interesses dos eleitores representados nas decisÃes polÃticas dos governantes, e uma concepÃÃo elitista, para a qual uma elite dominante concentra o poder de decisÃo. A pesquisa traÃou um perfil da estrutura de poder no Governo do Estado do Cearà e investigou a origem das idÃias que levaram à construÃÃo do CIPP e à busca por investimentos privados para construÃÃo de uma refinaria. Procurou-se identificar mudanÃas nas idÃias sobre desenvolvimento que guiaram o processo decisÃrio. O Governo do Cearà espera que a infra-estrutura do CIPP, juntamente com a refinaria e uma siderÃrgica, tambÃm em construÃÃo, sejam um atrativo para a instalaÃÃo de pÃlos petroquÃmico e metal-mecÃnico, ampliando e diversificando a pauta de exportaÃÃes e aumentando a participaÃÃo do Cearà no PIB brasileiro. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados mais importantes foram entrevistas com os atores sociais envolvidos no processo decisÃrio e a leitura de diversas entrevistas jà publicadas, documentos oficiais e artigos de jornais.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:42:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Cristina de Souza Eicardi.pdf: 4364254 bytes, checksum: adf861fabc930d10bae6d2b13ec337bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation focuses on students of the Integrated Center for Youth and Adults (CIEJA), attending the module II in 2010, equivalent to 3rd and 4th year of the first cycle of Basic Education, compares the newsrooms of 2010-2012 and analyzes the interaction of writing and three subjects of the research, with the introduction of folk art in the history of life of students. Proposed specific objectives, analyzing gains: in writing activities, social interaction among the students, the purpose of rescuing the art and culture of origin for students to strengthen their self-concept and social valuation in the labor market. Reasons - if the legislation which supports adult learning, Curriculum Guidelines of EJA in authorities on adult education among which Freire (2011) and Gadotti Romao (2011), documents on the specificity of CIEJA in Curriculum Guidelines on art City Department of Education of Sao Paulo. Data collection was conducted through a questionnaire survey of student characteristics; recorded and transcribed interviews regarding artistic activities: presentation of singing in musical culture house, making object (quilt) that illustrates and portrays childhood students, and book that compiles their life stories; writing. The analysis of data pertaining to the interviews took place in several stages and analysis of essays focused on writing skills with sense and skill related to encoding and decoding of written symbols. The conclusion of the study proves that many points to be worked out with regard to spelling, the punctuation, the use case, the use of verbs, the use of singular and plural. There were reported gains in writing of 2012 compared to 2010. / Esta dissertação focaliza alunos do Centro Integrado de Jovens e Adultos (CIEJA), que cursavam em 2010 o módulo II, equivalente ao 3º e 4º ano do ciclo I do Ensino Fundamental, compara as redações de 2010-2012 e analisa a escrita e interação dos três sujeitos da pesquisa, com a introdução da arte popular da história de vida dos alunos. Propôs, como objetivos específicos, analisar ganhos: nas atividades de escrita; na interação social do grupo de alunos; nos efeitos do resgate da arte e da cultura de origem dos alunos para o fortalecimento da sua valoração social e autoconceito no mercado de trabalho. Fundamentou se na Legislação que respalda a aprendizagem do adulto, nas Diretrizes Curriculares da EJA, em autoridades sobre educação de adultos dentre os quais Freire (2011) Gadotti e Romão (2011), em documentos sobre a especificidade do CIEJA, nas Orientações Curriculares sobre Arte da Secretaria Municipal de Educação de São Paulo. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de um questionário de levantamento de características dos alunos; entrevistas gravadas e transcritas referentes às atividades artísticas: presentação de canto musical na casa de cultura; confecção de objeto (colcha de retalhos) que ilustra e retrata a infância dos alunos; e livro que compila suas histórias de vida; redação. A análise de dados referente às entrevistas foi realizada em várias etapas e a análise das redações focalizou a capacidade de expressão escrita com sentido e habilidade referentes à codificação e decodificação de símbolos escritos. A conclusão do estudo evidenciaram-se inúmeros pontos a serem trabalhados no que diz respeito à ortografia, à pontuação, ao uso de maiúsculas e minúsculas, à utilização de verbos, à utilização do singular e plural. Não foram assinalados ganhos na escrita de 2012 em relação à de 2010.

Shifting perspectives on restoration and management of public lands in the inland West have resulted in an increased need for maps of potential natural vegetation which cover large areas at sufficient scale to delineate individual stands . In this study, classification tree modeling was used to predictively model and map the plant association types of a relatively undisturbed wilderness area in the Blue Mountains of northeastern Oregon. Models were developed using field data and data derived from a geographic information system database. Elevation, slope, aspect, annual precipitation, solar radiation, soil type, and topographic position were important predictor variables. The model predicted plant association types with a relatively high degree of accuracy for most plant association types, with the lowest accuracy for the types within the grand fir series. Fuzzy confusion analysis was used to analyze model performance, and indicated the overall model accuracy was 72%.

Beavers were virtually extirpated from North America during the fur trade, but populations have since recovered. Dams built by recolonizing beaver alter stream habitat by forming deep, slow ponds within the streams. Such changes to the habitat is likely to have consequences for organisms such as macroinvertebrates and fish. The objective of this study was to identify the differences in the macroinvertebrate and trout community in beaver ponds and lotic (e.g. flowing reaches of a stream) reaches in tributaries to the Logan River in northeastern Utah. The macroinvertebrate community of beaver ponds had fewer species, fewer numbers, and lower biomass of macroinvertebrates compared to lotic reaches. Macroinvertebrates that consume leaf litter and predators that prey on other macroinvertebrates characterized beaver pond macroinvertebrate communities. In contrast, lotic reaches contained macroinvertebrates that consume algae and feed on particles floating through the water column. Macroinvertebrates in lotic reaches were morphologically adapted to cling to rocks in the streamflow, while those in beaver ponds were adapted to living within the fine sediment. Bonneville cutthroat trout collected from lotic reaches were larger than those collected from beaver ponds, while the opposite was true for brown trout collected from lotic reaches. I also found that short-term and long-term diets of both brown trout and Bonneville cutthroat trout were similar between trout caught in beaver pond and lotic reaches. Finally, I found that growth rates of trout were also similar between the two habitats. In conclusion, the structure and function of macroinvertebrates, which are dependent on small-scale habitat features, were more affected by inclusion of beaver ponds to the stream network. Conversely, trout collected from beaver ponds and lotic regions were similar in growth and diet. Considering that beavers are used as a common restoration tool, further studies on the effects of beaver on stream communities is essential.

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In this study, annual variations in biochemical composition of seston and zooplankton community were investigated to characterize the nutritional environment of zooplankton in the Mersin Bay, NE Mediterranean Sea. For this goal, seawater and zooplankton samples were collected at monthly intervals from two stations / one representing coastal and other representing open waters characteristics from November 2004 to January 2006. Seawater samples were collected with Niskin bottles from the sea surface. Zooplankton samples were collected both in the horizontal and vertical plane by towing a Nansen net (70 cm mouth diameter with 112 &micro / m mesh). Surface seston chl-a, lipid, protein and carbohydrate concentrations were measured by fractionating seawater into three different size groups, 0.7-2.7, 2.7-18 and &gt / 18 &micro / m representing pico, nano and micro particulates in the seston. Zooplankton biomass and abundance were determined at four size fractions: 112-200, 200-500, 500-1000 and &gt / 1000 &micro / m / dry and organic weights were measured by gravimetric method and major taxonomic groups of zooplankton was identified under stereo-microscope. The nearshore station was always more productive than the offshore station in terms of chl-a, particulate organic matter (POM: protein+lipid+carbohydrate), zooplankton abundance and biomass. Chl-a maxima occured in spring and autumn at both stations. Very low chl-a concentrations at the offshore station (0.02-0.35 &micro / g L-1) confirmed oligotrophic character of the Northeastern Mediterranean. The highest chl-a concentration (2.4 &micro / g L-1) was observed in March 2005 at the nearshore station due to the input of Lamas River nearby. POM varied from 42.1 &micro / g L-1 (in January 2006) to 1082 &micro / g L-1 (in March 2005) and 53.7 &micro / g L-1 (in January 2006) to 246 &micro / g L-1 (in May 2005) at the nearshore and offshore stations, respectively. The oligotrophy of this system was indicated by the extremely low particulate lipid, protein and carbohydrate concentrations (1-3 times lower than in more productive systems). The most evident characteristic of this oligotrophic environment was the dominance of pico-POM throughout the study period, accounting for 31&ndash / 65 % of the total carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and chl-a. The prt:cho ratio was generally lower than 1 (low in organic nitrogen). Carbohydrate was the dominant biochemical component at both stations. Zooplankton varied during the sampling period, and they showed two peak abundances, in spring and autumn, with small increase in summer. The higher biomasses of zooplankton were observed in summer and autumn in the entire water column, but in spring and autumn periods in the surface water. Zooplankton data showed that 200-500 and 112-200 &micro / m size fractions were dominant in abundance at both stations. However, 200-500 &micro / m size fraction was dominant in zooplankton biomass at nearshore, whereas &gt / 1000 &micro / m size fraction was at offshore station. Copepods were the most abundant zooplankton group and dominated the distribution of total zooplankton, followed by crustace nauplii, appendicularia, cladocera and pteropoda.

Kaohsiung region with high percentage (6-8%) of poor air quality (PSI>100) has been announced officially by Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration (TEPA) as the worst air quality region among seven Air Quality Zones (AQZ) in Taiwan. Air pollutant dispersion was influenced by many factors including meteorology and topography. Particulate matter (PM) transportation caused by northeastern monsoon and/or sea land breeze might resulted in air pollution episodes. In summer, PM might be transported back and forth across the coastline of Kaohsiung region by sea land breeze. Particularly, high PM10 concentration has been observed at the inland sites in the daytime due to sea breeze. In autumn and winter, PM could be transported northeasterly to the inland range and covered a huge area of entire region. The objective of this study was to investigate the accumulation of particulate matter in the near-ocean region due to northeastern monsoon and sea-land breeze, and the spatial and temporal distribution of PM in the coastal region of Southern Taiwan. This study investigated the effects of sea-land breeze and northeastern monsoon on the spatial distribution and temporal variation of particulate matter in the atmosphere around the coastal region of South Taiwan. Particulate matter was simultaneously sampled both inland and offshore during five intensive sampling periods on August 16-17, 2006, November 2-3, 2006, January 24-25, 2007, March 6-7, 2007 and May 2-3, 2007, respectively. Inland monitoring was conducted at two sampling sites associated with fourteen Taiwan ambient air quality monitoring stations, while offshore monitoring was conducted at the Hsiau-Liou-Chiou (HLC) island (approximately 14 km offshore) and on an air quality monitoring boat. In August and November, 2006 and May 2007, sea-land breeze was observed during sampling period and sea breeze arose from 9:00 A.M. to 24:00 P.M. The average wind velocity was 1~4 m/sec during the sampling period. In January and March, 2007, prevail wind direction was north and northeast (300 o ~30 o), that was influenced by northeastern monsoon. The average wind velocity was 2~4 m/sec during the sampling period. The backward trajectories of air parcel transported toward the inland ambient air quality sampling sites around the coastal region of South Taiwan were plotted during the sea land breeze and northeastern monsoon periods. The results showed that distribution of PM10 was significantly influenced by sea land breezes. During the sea-land breeze periods, sea breezes blown in the early morning would transport the offshore PM10 back to the inland sites in Kaohsiung metropolitan area resulting in high PM10 concentration in the afternoon. On the contrary, high PM10 concentration observed during the northeastern monsoon periods was mainly brought from northerly wind which transported PM10 originated from the northern region (i.e. Tainan and Yunlin Counties) to Kaohsiung metropolitan area. This study further compared the atmospheric aerosols sampled at Kaohsiung metropolitan area with the resuspended sands blown from top soils collected near the riversides. An enrichment factor (EF) was applied to correlate the downwind atmospheric aerosols at three TEPA sampling sites in Kaohsiung to top soil sources originated from Tachia river, Zhoushui river, Tesngwen river and Kaoping river, respectively. This study revealed that atmospheric aerosols sampled at Southern Taiwan can be correlated to top soil sources near the riversides. Further investigation of enrichment factors indicated that, among four rivers, Kaoping river had the highest correlation to PM10 sampled in Kaohsiung. The enrichment factors were in the order of Kaoping river (EF=0.8~1.9) > Tsengwen river (EF=0.8~2.6) > Zhuos river (EF=1.0~2.8) > Tachia river (EF=1.1~4.2). The results indicated that atmospheric aerosols (i.e. PM10) had relatively higher correlation with the nearest river, Kaoping river, than other three rivers.

Opening-mode fracture shapes are typically the result of brittle deformation and proportional growth in fracture height, length, and width. Based on the typical fracture shape, it is assumed that fracture tips are free to propagate in all directions. Some natural rock fractures have been shown to form as a result of slow non-elastic deformation processes. Such fractures may propagate to a finite length or height and accommodate further growth by aperture widening only. To determine the growth conditions of a fracture in the Triassic-Jurassic La Boca Formation of northeastern Mexico and to test fracture growth models, I combined fluid inclusion microthermometry and SEM-based cathodoluminescence cement texture analysis to determine the relative timing of fracture cement precipitation and related fracture opening for five samples collected along its trace. Fracture growth initiated at a minimum age of 70 Ma as two separate fractures with branching fracture tips that coalesced to a single continuous fracture under prograde burial conditions at a minimum age of 54 Ma. At this stage, fracture growth was accommodated by both propagation (i.e. increase in trace length) and by an increase in aperture during maximum burial and early exhumation. Samples collected at the fracture tips recorded temperatures reflecting fracture opening starting with maximum burial at a minimum age of 48 Ma at one tip and of 38 Ma at the other tip. Synkinematic fluid inclusions in crack-seal cement track continued fracture opening close to the fracture tips without a concurrent increase in trace length after 38 Ma until about 21 Ma. I attribute the observed change in fracture growth mechanism to a change in material response. The stage in aperture increase without propagation corresponds to an increase in elastic compliance or in non-elastic flow properties. Non-elastic flow can be attributed to solution-precipitation creep of the host rock. Dissolution of host quartz grains and subsequent quartz precipitation is consistent with the abundance of quartz fracture cement formed during exhumation. Cement textures from fractures in the La Boca Formation mimic those found in subsurface core, which allows application of the results to a variety of geologic environments. / text

Final Report, NOAA Contract 1-35241, Second Year / Prepared for: Environmental Data Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, United States Department of Commerce / No publication date on item; publication date from WorldCat entry. / Introduction: In an earlier paper by Douglas (1972) the summer climatology of tropical storm development is reviewed with reference to Sea Surface Temperature (SST) distribution and upper- and lower -level winds. An apparent increase in yearly storm totals recorded since 1965 is believed to be the direct result of satellite detection of small, well off -shore storms. However, monthly variations in storm totals appear to be caused by anomalous SST either off Baja California or along the equator west of South America. During the tropical storm season the region of greatest storm formation is found to shift towards the northwest and then southeast. This regional variation in storm development may be caused by changes in SST and upper troposphere shearing off Baja California and in the movement of the Inter- Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) off mainland Mexico. Data presented by Douglas (1972) indicate that tropical storm formation is most common during the months of July, August and September. During the latter part of August through the first part of October, tropical storms can enter the southwestern United States from either a track up the Gulf of California or up the Pacific Coast of Baja California. This report will review some additional circulation features associated with tropical storm activity in the eastern North Pacific. The major emphasis will be directed towards the effects of these storms upon the climatological conditions of the southwestern United States.

Introduction: Oil/gas communities across Northeastern British Columbia are experiencing rapid in-migration of young, primarily male workers in response to an economic ‘boom’ in the oil/gas sectors. Accompanying the ‘boom’ has been a rise in rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among young people, with Chlamydia rates among youth in the Northeast exceeding the provincial average by 22%. Previous research indicates that socio-cultural and structural determinants of youth sexual behaviour and access to STI testing are important for understanding youth sexual health disparities – and represent key targets for STI prevention efforts. No other research has explored STIs in this rapidly developing, under-resourced context. Therefore, objectives of this thesis were to: (1) Examine how socio-cultural and structural features related to the oil/gas ‘boom’ affect the sexual behaviour of young people in Fort St. John (FSJ), BC; (2) Gather the perspectives of youth and their service providers on the socio-cultural and structural barriers to STI testing in FSJ; (3) Develop recommendations to improve the accessibility of STI testing. Results: Participants identified 4 main ways in which the socio-cultural and structural conditions created by the ‘boom’ affect sexual behaviours, fuelling the spread of STIs in FSJ: mobility of oil/gas workers; binge partying; high levels of disposable income; and gendered power dynamics. As well, 5 key barriers to STI testing among youth were identified: limited opportunities for access; geographic inaccessibility; local social norms; limited information; and negative interactions with providers. Discussion: These data indicate that the conditions fostered by the ‘boom’ in FSJ exacerbate sexual health inequalities among young people. They can be more widely contextualized as an example of the unintended – but not unexpected – health and social implications of a resource-extraction ‘boom’, illustrating the fallacy of ‘development’ as representing uniformly positive ‘progress’. Recommended actions include STI prevention and testing service delivery models that incorporate a locally tailored public awareness campaign, outreach to oil/gas workers, condom distribution, expanded clinic hours and drop-in appointments, specialized training for health care providers, and intersectoral partnerships between public health, non-profit organizations, and industry. An ongoing knowledge translation internship has been undertaken to implement some of these recommendations.