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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
61

Sexual behaviour and barriers to STI testing among youth in Northeastern BC

Goldenberg, Shira 05 1900 (has links)
Introduction: Oil/gas communities across Northeastern British Columbia are experiencing rapid in-migration of young, primarily male workers in response to an economic ‘boom’ in the oil/gas sectors. Accompanying the ‘boom’ has been a rise in rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among young people, with Chlamydia rates among youth in the Northeast exceeding the provincial average by 22%. Previous research indicates that socio-cultural and structural determinants of youth sexual behaviour and access to STI testing are important for understanding youth sexual health disparities – and represent key targets for STI prevention efforts. No other research has explored STIs in this rapidly developing, under-resourced context. Therefore, objectives of this thesis were to: (1) Examine how socio-cultural and structural features related to the oil/gas ‘boom’ affect the sexual behaviour of young people in Fort St. John (FSJ), BC; (2) Gather the perspectives of youth and their service providers on the socio-cultural and structural barriers to STI testing in FSJ; (3) Develop recommendations to improve the accessibility of STI testing. Results: Participants identified 4 main ways in which the socio-cultural and structural conditions created by the ‘boom’ affect sexual behaviours, fuelling the spread of STIs in FSJ: mobility of oil/gas workers; binge partying; high levels of disposable income; and gendered power dynamics. As well, 5 key barriers to STI testing among youth were identified: limited opportunities for access; geographic inaccessibility; local social norms; limited information; and negative interactions with providers. Discussion: These data indicate that the conditions fostered by the ‘boom’ in FSJ exacerbate sexual health inequalities among young people. They can be more widely contextualized as an example of the unintended – but not unexpected – health and social implications of a resource-extraction ‘boom’, illustrating the fallacy of ‘development’ as representing uniformly positive ‘progress’. Recommended actions include STI prevention and testing service delivery models that incorporate a locally tailored public awareness campaign, outreach to oil/gas workers, condom distribution, expanded clinic hours and drop-in appointments, specialized training for health care providers, and intersectoral partnerships between public health, non-profit organizations, and industry. An ongoing knowledge translation internship has been undertaken to implement some of these recommendations.
62

Investigating saltwater anglers' value orientations, beliefs and attitudes related to marine protected areas : a dissertation /

Salz, Ronald J. January 2002 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2002. / "September 2002." Includes bibliographical references (p. 199-207). Also available online in PDF format via the NOAA Coastal Services Center home page.
63

Market-oriented crop diversification and regional development in northeast Thailand

Traub, Peter. January 1989 (has links)
Thesis (master's)--University of Tübingen, 1989. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 236-248).
64

Tafonomia e morfologia de cingulados quaternários da Gruta da Lapinha, Iramaia-BA / Tafonomy and morphology of quaternary cingulates from Gruta da Lapinha, Iramaia, Bahia

Jesus, Jorge Felipe Moura de 26 March 2015 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:32:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6725.pdf: 3328461 bytes, checksum: 517c1b60ab0c8976991fed71cb2ffa40 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-26 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Gruta da Lapinha is one of the largest limestone caves in Bahia state, located in Municipality of Iramaia. In the year 2012 speleologists of Grupo Pierre Martin de Espeleologia (GPME Pierre Martin Speleology Group), discovered a complete skeleton of Holmesina major. In 2014, in a joint expedition between researchers of Federal University of São Carlos and GPME, three more specimens were found and glyptodonts remains. In a taphonomic analysis it was concluded that due to the integrality of the bones, the sedimentation patterns and the lack of some marks, those animals entered alive in the cave probably in search of resources and posteriorly dead locally, however, the deposition of the glyptodont material happened asynchronously to the pampathere ones. And all of the fossils collected in this cave were of cingulates. Cingulata is the order of xenarthrans that has the largest number of species and the widest geographical distribution in the present time; however, it is only reduced to the Family Dasypodidae. During the Pleistocene there were more than one Family; Pampatheriidae was one among them. In that Family, the species H. major was distributed from Northeast to South of Brazil through the eastern regions. Most of what is known about the geographical distribution of those animals is due to their osteoderms that has been found; nevertheless, few specimens with an almost complete skeleton had been found. This paper makes a literature review about phylogenetic relationships and paleoecology of pampatheres; describes two well-preserved new specimens of H. major found in Bahia state, detailing new structures of Pampatheriidae, such as pelvis and xenarthrous vertebrae; compares the specimens, analyzing inter- and intraspecific variations; and concludes that H. major treats being a clade distinct from H. paulacoutoi. / A Gruta da Lapinha, localizada no Município baiano de Iramaia, é uma das maiores cavernas calcárias do estado. No ano de 2012, espeleólogos do Grupo Pierre Martin de Espeleologia (GPME) descobriram um esqueleto completo do Holmesina major. Em 2014, numa expedição conjunta de pesquisadores da UFSCar e GPME, mais três espécimes foram encontrados e remanescentes de gliptodonte. Numa análise tafonômica, concluiu-se que, devido à integralidade dos ossos, aos padrões de sedimentação e à ausência de marcas, estes animais entraram vivos na caverna provavelmente em busca de recurso e posteriormente morreram no local, entretanto, a deposição dos restos do gliptodontídeo ocorreu assincronamente à dos pampaterídeos. Apesar disso, todos os fósseis coletados eram de cingulados. Cingulata é a ordem de xenartros que possui maior número de espécies e maior distribuição geográfica na atualidade, entretanto, é resumida apenas à família Dasypodidae. No Pleistoceno, havia mais de uma família, dentre elas, Pampatheriidae. Dessa família, a espécie H. major distribuía-se do nordeste ao sul do Brasil nas regiões leste. Muito do que se sabe da distribuição geográfica desses animais é por seus osteodermos que são encontrados, porém, apenas poucos espécimes com o esqueleto quase completo haviam sido encontrados. Este trabalho faz uma revisão de literatura sobre as relações filogenéticas e a paleoecologia de pampaterídeos; descreve dois novos espécimes de H. major bem preservados encontrados na Bahia, detalhando novas estruturas para a família Pampatheriidae, como pélvis e vértebras xenártricas; compara os espécimes, analisando as variações inter- e intraespecíficas e conclui que H. major trata-se de um clado distinto de H. paulacoutoi.
65

A Ópera "A Compadecida" de José Siqueira: elementos musicais característicos do nordeste brasileiro e subsídios para interpretação.

Queiroz, Luiz Kleber Lyra de 29 May 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:52:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 parte1.pdf: 12330524 bytes, checksum: ebb52fc36b0b10955d13652bdf88a6ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This Thesis is an attempt to identify idiosyncratic elements of Brazilian Northeastern music - like the use of modalism, the baião rhythm and features of Cantoria - in José Siqueira s opera A Compadecida (1960) - a work based on Ariano Suassuna s play Auto da Compadecida. Were used, as primaries sources, the vocal and full scores autograph manuscripts, and the single phonograph record existing - realized in the opera debut at the Municipal Theater of Rio de Janeiro, in 1961. Based on theoretical content described by the composer in his didactic works, in studies of others musical researchers - like João Batista Siqueira (his brother), Dulce Lamas and Ermelinda Paz, - sought to analyze how Siqueira combined the musical elements of Brazilian northeastern oral tradition with his language of concert music; and also as linked your music to the northeastern universe of characters created by Suassuna. We seek to recognize and study influences on their process of musical composition, which reflect the identification with ideas of important composers such as Claude Debussy, Richard Wagner and Béla Bartok. Then, using as reference the work of Lilia Nunes and Jane Celeste Guberfain about voice and diction were proposed interpretive vocal subsidies for the work in question. Our research is also an attempt to understand the educator, composer, conductor, musical entrepreneur and musicians' leader, José de Lima Siqueira, one of the most important twentieth-century figures in Brazilian music, and the reasons behind the oblivion to which he was subjected after his death in 1985. We try to understand the basis of his musical education - from impoverished childhood in the hinterland of Paraíba to academic studies in Rio de Janeiro and Europe - which led him to be one of the main Brazilian nationalist composers, representative of a Brazilian Northeastern musical school. Together with the bibliographic and documentary research about the composer and his work, we conducted interviews with the author of the text, with a family member and with researchers and musicians who knew José Siqueira. / Esta dissertação procura identificar elementos idiossincráticos da música do Nordeste brasileiro - como o uso de modalismo, do ritmo do baião e de características da cantoria - na ópera A Compadecida (1960), de José Siqueira, composta sobre o texto teatral Auto da Compadecida (1955), de Ariano Suassuna. Utilizou-se, como fonte primária, os manuscritos autógrafos das partituras para voz e piano e da grade orquestral, além do único registro fonográfico existente - gravado na estreia da ópera no Theatro Municipal do Rio de Janeiro, em 1961. Com base em conteúdo teórico descrito pelo próprio compositor em suas obras didáticas, em estudos de João Batista Siqueira (seu irmão), Dulce Lamas e Ermelinda Paz, procurou-se analisar a forma como Siqueira associa os elementos musicais da tradição oral nordestina à música de concerto; e também como vinculou sua música ao universo nordestino dos personagens criados por Suassuna. Buscou-se reconhecer e estudar influências em seu processo de composição musical, que refletem a identificação com ideias de importantes compositores como Claude Debussy, Richard Wagner e Béla Bartok. Em seguida, utilizando como referência o trabalho de Lilia Nunes e o de Jane Celeste Guberfain sobre voz e dicção, foram propostos subsídios interpretativos vocais para a obra em questão. O trabalho de pesquisa iniciou-se pelo entendimento de quem foi o professor, compositor, maestro, empreendedor musical e líder da classe dos músicos, José de Lima Siqueira, um dos importantes nomes da música brasileira do século XX, e o motivo pelo qual ele foi esquecido pelo meio musical brasileiro depois de sua morte, em 1985. Procurou-se compreender as matrizes de sua formação musical da infância pobre no sertão da Paraíba, aos estudos acadêmicos no Rio de Janeiro e na Europa - que o levaram a ser um dos principais compositores nacionalistas brasileiros, representante de uma escola musical nordestina. Além da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental sobre o compositor e a obra, foram realizadas entrevistas com o autor do texto, com um membro da família do compositor e com pesquisadores e músicos que conviveram com José Siqueira.
66

Holothuroidea (Echinodermata) da região Nordeste do Brasil

Oliveira, Jéssica Prata de 19 April 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-17T14:55:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 7694336 bytes, checksum: 9e31ccfd75ef937c6222af7f15aff9a9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The class Holothuroidea has approximately 1400 species existent, these nearly 50 are recorded to de Brazilian coast. Studies about this class are relatively few, particularly to the North and Northeast of Brasil. In front of the lack of information on the species of holothurians to the Brazilian coast the present study aimed to identify the species of the class Holothuroidea from the Northeast of Brasil to inventory and provide detailed taxonomic information as well as data on their distribution in the region. The Invertebrate Collection Paulo Young, of the Department of Systematics and Ecology (DSE), of Federal University of Paraíba (CIPY-DSE-UFPB) was the main the main material analyzed. Were also examined the collections of the museums of the Federal University of Bahia (MZUFBA), Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro (MNRJ) and University of São Paulo (MZUSP). The study of specimens includes analysis of external and internal morphological characters, beyond the pattern of calcareous ossicles, these latter are fundamental for determining the specific level. 32 species were identified, belonging to 3 orders, 8 families, 19 genera and 8 subgenera. Of the species recorded Thyone crassidisca Miller & Pawson, 1981, Euthyonidiella trita (Sluiter, 1910), Protankyra ramiurna Heding, 1928 and Holothuria (Holothuria) dakarenisis represent new records to Brazilian coast. The states with the highest diversity regarding Holothuroidea fauna was, respectively, Paraíba (n = 22 spp.), Bahia (n = 21 spp.), Alagoas (n = 14 spp.) and Pernambuco (n = 10). No species were recorded for states of Maranhão e Sergipe. The fauna of infralittoral requires better sampling. Moreover, in some species taxonomic problems were observed and discussed. The study provides the first annotated list of sea cucumbers from Northeastern Brazil. Reinforces the importance of scientific collections for systematic studies and increased knowledge of biodiversity. / A classe Holothuroidea possui aproximadamente 1400 espécies viventes, das quais 50 foram registradas para a costa brasileira. Estudos sobre a classe no Brasil são relativamente escassos, principalmente para as regiões Norte e Nordeste. Diante da carência de informações sobre as espécies de holotúrias do litoral brasileiro o presente estudo objetivou identificar as espécies da classe Holothuroidea proveniente da região Nordeste do Brasil, a fim de inventariar e fornecer informações taxonômicas detalhadas bem como dados sobre sua distribuição na região. O principal acervo analisado foi o da Coleção de Invertebrados Paulo Young, do Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia (DSE), da Universidade Federal da Paraíba (CIPY-DSE-UFPB). Além deste, Foi examinado material do Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Federal da Bahia (MZUFBA), Museu Nacional (MNRJ) e Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP). O estudo dos espécimes abrange a análise de caracteres morfológicos externos e internos, bem como do padrão dos ossículos calcários, estes últimos são fundamentais para a determinação a nível específico. Foram identificadas 32 espécies pertencentes a 3 ordens, 8 famílias, 19 gêneros e 8 subgêneros. Das espécies registradas Thyone crassidisca Miller & Pawson, 1981, Euthyonidiella trita (Sluiter, 1910), Protankyra ramiurna Heding, 1928 e Holothuria (Holothuria) dakarenisis representam novos registros para a costa brasileira. Os estados que apresentaram maior diversidade em relação à fauna de Holothuroidea foram respectivamente, Paraíba (n = 22 spp.), Bahia (n = 21 spp.), Alagoas (n = 14 spp.) e Pernambuco (n = 10). Com base nos acervos analisados, Maranhão e Sergipe foram os únicos estados em que nenhuma espécie da classe foi registrada. Nota-se que a fauna do infralitoral necessita de uma melhor amostragem. O estudo fornece a primeira lista comentada dos Holothuroidea do Nordeste. Fortalece ainda a importância das coleções científicas para estudos em sistemática e ampliação do conhecimento da biodiversidade.
67

The Intersection Between Mining Contaminants and Hunting in Northeastern Ontario Communities

Andrews, Carly 02 August 2018 (has links)
There is a plethora of research circulating in the academic word related to Indigenous hunters and how industrial development is affecting their traditional lifestyles; of particular concern are the toxic exposures derived from these industrial activities as well as the effects these are having on animal and human health. However, relatively little research exists on the ways in which non-Indigenous hunters are being impacted by and perceive the environmental risks posed by industrial activities (i.e., mining contaminants). The purpose of this study was two-fold: to investigate whether there is a relationship between hunting practices of non-Indigenous hunters and their health status and personal wellbeing as well as examining how the perception of environmental risk associated with mining contaminants might affect the hunting practices, health and wellbeing of non-Indigenous hunters living in northeastern Ontario communities. The study involved survey questionnaires that were distributed in four northeastern Ontario communities (Onaping Falls, Porcupine, Wawa, and Hearst) where a total of 390 hunters, non-hunters, and former hunters voluntarily participated. Findings from this study indicated a few relationships between hunting practice variables (discarding/giving away animals and hunting near mine or tailings sites) and general health, physical health, and physical health readiness variables but no relationships with personal wellbeing. Furthermore, significant associations were found between two hunting practice variables (hunting near mine tailings and discarding/giving away hunted animals) and the two risk perception variables. In addition, worrying about mining contaminants was significantly associated with reduced levels of mental health and personal wellbeing. Despite the significant associations, few hunters took actions as a result of their concern or worry over mining contaminants although it must be noted that only a minority of hunters always or very frequently hunted near mine or tailings sites. Either hunters did not perceive the risks as being high or they merely have a high risk tolerance. Further research is required to delve deeper into the issues explored in this research study.
68

Estudo de bases moleculares de Fenilcetonúria no Nordeste do Brasil. / Estudo de bases moleculares de Fenilcetonúria no Nordeste do Brasil.

Boa Sorte, Tatiana Regia Suzana Amorim January 2010 (has links)
Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio (fiscina@bahia.fiocruz.br) on 2012-08-30T20:49:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiana Amorim Boa Sorte Estudo das bases moleculares da fenilcetonuria no nordeste do Brasil.pdf: 1805592 bytes, checksum: 2caa9f81224a65539eb11f580bd6b8a9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-08-30T20:49:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiana Amorim Boa Sorte Estudo das bases moleculares da fenilcetonuria no nordeste do Brasil.pdf: 1805592 bytes, checksum: 2caa9f81224a65539eb11f580bd6b8a9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, Bahia, Brasil / As hiperfenilalaninemias (HPA), em especial a fenilcetonúria (PKU) estão entre os erros inatos do metabolismo mais bem estudados, por fazerem parte de programas de triagem neonatal em todo o mundo. No Brasil, o Programa Nacional de Triagem Neonatal (PNTN) garante o rastreamento, confirmação diagnóstica e tratamento desta condição em todo o país, através dos Serviços de Referência em Triagem Neonatal (SRTN). O PNTN oferece o diagnóstico bioquímico de PKU. A investigação molecular, através da detecção de mutações no gene da fenilalanina hidroxilase (PAH) não está prevista, e inexistem dados a este respeito na região nordeste do Brasil. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar uma amostra de pacientes com HPA, quanto aos seus aspectos clínicos, demográficos, epidemiológicos e moleculares, além de avaliar a operacionalização do PNTN nesta região do país. MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo pacientes da Bahia, Sergipe, Alagoas, Ceará, Maranhão e Piauí. Dados epidemiológicos e demográficos estiveram disponíveis apenas para pacientes da Bahia, e foram obtidos através de consulta a bancos de dados laboratoriais e prontuários médicos, nutricionais e sociais. Informações clínicas dos pacientes dos seis estados foram obtidas através de preenchimento de questionário. A Análise molecular incluiu investigação inicial para sete mutações no gene da PAH, previamente selecionadas (IVS10nt11ga, V388M, R261Q, R252W, I65T e R408W ) entre as mais frequentes em estudos brasileiros anteriores, através de RFLP, seguida de sequenciamento gênico dos éxons 3, 5, 6, 7, 11 e 12 do gene da PAH. Estudos de correlação genótipo-fenótipo foram realizados utilizando informações sobre atividade residual da PAH. RESULTADOS: Entre 1992 e 2009, foram diagnosticados 111 pacientes com HPA na Bahia. A cobertura populacional alcançou 90,81%, e a coleta do exame de triagem neonatal ocorreu após o 7º dia de vida em 76,8% dos casos, sendo a média da incidência de 1:16.362 NV. PKU clássica foi diagnosticada em 56,8% dos pacientes. A mediana de idade na primeira consulta foi de 34,5 dias para a PKU clássica nos últimos dois anos. A avaliação sócio econômica mostrou que 64,1% das genitoras não concluíram o ensino fundamental e 69,5% das famílias tinham renda abaixo de 2 salários mínimos. A partir de amostras de DNA de pacientes de seis estados do nordeste do Brasil, a triagem inicial de sete mutações permitiu a identificação de 64,3% dos genótipos. As mutações mais frequentes foram IVS10nt11ga (21,3%), V388M e I65T (15,8%) e R252W (14,6%). As menos frequentes foram R261Q (8,7%) e R408W (1,2%.). A mutação R261X não foi encontrada. Outras seis mutações foram identificadas através de sequenciamento gênico, com um total de 32 genótipos diferentes. Correlação entre genótipo e fenótipo apresentou-se adequada em 42,7% dos casos. A correlação foi mais evidente entre os pacientes com PKU leve ou moderada (68,2%) e genótipo homozigoto (45,4%). Mutações responsivas ao tratamento com tetrahidrobiopterina (V388M e I65T) foram encontradas com frequência relevante. CONCLUSÕES: Os dados epidemiológicos e clínicos serão de utilidade para a melhor organização das estratégias de saúde pública, enquanto que os dados moleculares poderão ser úteis em sugerir um painel de mutações mais adequado para investigação regional, ao tempo em que pode contribuir na otimização do tratamento e acompanhamento dos pacientes. / Hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA), especially phenylketonuria (PKU) are among the most studied inborn errors of metabolism, once they it is part of neonatal screening programs worldwide. In Brazil, National Neonatal Screening (PNTN) warrants screening, diagnostic confirmation and treatment of this condition across the country through the Reference Services for Neonatal Screening (SRTN). The PNTN offers biochemical diagnosis of PKU. Molecular investigation, by detecting mutations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene (PAH) is not provided, and there are no data so far in the northeast region of Brazil. This study aimed to characterize a sample of patients with HPA, in clinical, demographic, epidemiological and molecular aspects, and assess the implementation of PNTN at this region of the country. METHODS: Patients were from Bahia, Sergipe, Alagoas, Ceará, Maranhão and Piauí. Epidemiological and demographic data of patients were available only from Bahia, and were obtained by consulting the laboratory databases and medical, nutritional and social records. Clinical information of patients from all six states were obtained through a questionnaire. Molecular analysis included search for seven mutations in the PAH, previously selected (IVS10nt11g  a, V388M, R261Q, R252W, R408W and I65T) among the most frequent in previous Brazilian studies, using RFLP, followed by gene sequencing for éxons 3, 5, 6, 7, 11 and 12 of PAH gene. Studies of genotype-phenotype correlation were carried out using information on residual activity of PAH. RESULTS: Between 1992 and 2009, 111 patients were diagnosed with PAH in Bahia. The population coverage has reached 90.81% and the collection of samples for neonatal screening occurred after the 7th day of life in 76.8% of cases. The average incidence was 1:16.362 newborns. Classical PKU was diagnosed in 56.8% of patients. The median age at first visit was 34,5 days for classical PKU. Socioeconomic evaluation showed that 64.1% of mothers have not completed elementary education and 69.5% of households had income below two minimum wages. Using samples from six states of northeast of Brasil, screening for seven mutations allowed identification of, 64.3% of genotypes. By his screening, the most frequent mutations were IVS10nt11g  a (21.3%), I65T and V388M (15.8%) and R252W (14.6%). R261Q (8.7%) and R408W (1.2%) were less frequent. R261X was not found. Six other mutations have been identified through gene sequencing, with a total of 32 different genotypes. Correlation between genotype and phenotype presented adequate in 42,7% of cases. The correlation was most evident among patients with mild or moderate PKU (68,2%) and homozygous (45.4%). Mutations responsive to treatment with tetrahydrobiopterin (I65T and V388M) were found with significant frequency. CONCLUSIONS: The epidemiological and clinical data will be useful for better organization of public health strategies, whereas molecular data may be useful in suggesting a panel of mutations most appropriate for regional research at the time that may contribute to the optimization of treatment and monitoring of patients.
69

Diversidade, diferenciação e biogeografia de pequenos mamíferos não-voadores na Mata Atlântica ao norte do rio São Francisco Centro de Endemismo Pernambuco / Diversity, differentiation and biogeography of non-volant small mammals of the Atlantic Forest north of São Francisco river - Pernambuco Endemism Center

Paulo Henrique Asfora Lopes Peres 30 August 2011 (has links)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / As florestas tropicais brasileiras (Amazônia e a Mata Atlântica) possuem alta diversidade de espécies e atualmente estão separadas por um cinturão de vegetação aberta. Parte deste cinturão é ocupada pela Caatinga, onde se encontram os Brejos de Altitude, testemunhos das conexões históricas entre a Mata Atlântica e a Amazônia. O Centro de Endemismos Pernambuco (CEPE) é a unidade biogeográfica que compõe a Mata Atlântica ao norte do rio São Francisco e contém diversos táxons endêmicos. Esta região apresenta uma mastofauna compartilhada com a Amazônia, devido às conexões existentes durante o Cenozóico. A presença do rio São Francisco em seu limite sul pode atuar como barreira ao fluxo gênico e explicar os endemismos encontrados no CEPE. Contrastando com sua situação peculiar, a mastofauna do CEPE ainda carece de estudos aprofundados sobre a identificação de suas espécies, padrões geográficos e relações filogenéticas. Revisões recentes têm identificado espécies diferentes ao norte e ao sul do rio São Francisco, mas poucos trabalhos têm proposto hipóteses biogeográficas para o CEPE. Para ampliar o conhecimento sobre a identidade e distribuição geográfica dos pequenos mamíferos do CEPE e sua estrutura filogeográfica, foram realizados levantamentos de espécies e análises de diversidade genética e morfométrica para algumas espécies. Os levantamentos consistiram de visitas às coleções científicas a fim de identificar as espécies ocorrentes no CEPE e excursões de coleta com 5 a 17 noites consecutivas em 12 localidades ao longo do CEPE, que totalizaram 64691 armadilhas noites e resultaram na coleta de 476 exemplares de 31 espécies. As espécies foram identificadas com base na morfologia externa e craniana e por análises citogenéticas. Para investigar a biogeografia do CEPE, análises de genética de populações, filogeográficas e morfométricas foram realizadas para os marsupiais Caluromys philander, Didelphis aurita, Marmosa murina, Metachirus nudicaudatus e os roedores Akodon cursor, Oecomys catherinae e Rhipidomys mastacalis para avaliar a existência de diferenciação nas populações do CEPE e suas relações com as linhagens Amazônicas e Atlânticas. Estes resultados mostraram que a diversificação dos pequenos mamíferos do CEPE ocorreu tanto no Terciário quanto no Quaternário. Algumas populações, como em Caluromys philander e Oecomys catherinae, mostraram afinidades com linhagens amazônicas, enquanto outras, como em Metachirus nudicaudatus e Rhipidomys mastacalis, apresentaram afinidades com linhagens atlânticas. Os pequenos mamíferos do CEPE apresentaram diferenciação em relação às suas linhagens irmãs, com algumas linhagens podendo tratar-se de espécies ainda não descritas (e.g. Didelphis aff. aurita e Rhipidomys aff. mastacalis). Esta diferenciação provavelmente foi causada pelos eventos cíclicos de flutuações climáticas que provocaram elevações no nível do mar e retração das florestas tropicais, isolando as populações do CEPE. Por fim, para auxiliar na identificação das espécies em novas coletas, de suas distribuições geográficas e de suas características citogenéticas e ecológicas, foi elaborado um guia reunindo todas as informações disponíveis sobre as espécies de pequenos mamíferos do CEPE. / The Brazilian tropical rainforests (Amazon and Atlantic Forest) present high species diversity and are currently separated by a belt of open and dry vegetation. Part of this belt is occupied by the Caatinga, where are found the Brejos de Altitude, evidence of the historical connections between the Atlantic Forest and the Amazon. The Pernambuco Endemism Center (CEPE) is the biogeographic unit of the Atlantic Forest located north of the São Francisco River and contains several endemic taxa. Part of its mammal fauna is shared with the Amazon, due to former connections in the Cenozoic. The presence of the São Francisco river in its southern limit may act as a barrier to gene flow and explain the endemism found in CEPE. In contrast to their peculiar situation, the mammalian fauna from CEPE still lacks detailed studies on its taxonomic composition, geographic patterns and phylogenetic relationships. Recent reviews have identified different species in the north and south of the San Francisco river, but few studies have proposed biogeographical hypotheses for the CEPE. In order to increase knowledge on the identity and geographical distribution of the small mammals in the CEPE and their phylogeographic structure, species surveys were carried out and the genetic and morphometric diversity of some of the species found were assessed. The surveys consisted of visits to scientific collections to identify the species occurring in CEPE and trapping trips, with 5 to 17 consecutive nights, in 12 sites throughout the CEPE, totaling 64,691 trap-nights, resulting in the collection of 476 specimens of 31 species. The specimens were identified based on external and cranial morphology and cytogenetic analysis. To investigate the biogeography of CEPE, genetics, phylogeographic and morphometric analysis were performed with the marsupials Caluromys philander, Didelphis aurita, Marmosa murina, Metachirus nudicaudatus and the rodents Akodon cursor, Oecomys catherinae and Rhipidomys mastacalis to assess the existence of differentiation in CEPE populations and their relationships with the Amazon and Atlantic Forest lineages. These results showed that diversification of small mammals in CEPE occurred in both the Tertiary and Quaternary. Some populations, such as Caluromys philander and Oecomys catherinae showed affinities with amazonian lineages, while others, like Metachirus nudicaudatus and Rhipidomys mastacalis, showed affinities with atlantic lineages. The small mammals from CEPE showed differentiation from their sisters lineages, with some lineages probably being, in fact, undescribed species (eg Didelphis aff. aurita and Rhipidomys aff. mastacalis). This differentiation was probably caused by cyclical events of climate fluctuations that led to sea level rises and retractions of the tropical forests, thus isolating the populations in CEPE. Finally, to help identifying species in future field surveys, their geographic distributions and ecological and cytogenetic features, a guide was prepared by gathering all available information on the species of small mammals from CEPE.
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The Evolution of the Treatment of Captives by the Indians of the Northeastern Woodlands from Earliest European Contact Through the War of 1812

Carlisle, Jeffrey Deward 12 1900 (has links)
When the first Europeans set foot on the North American continent, they clashed, both physically and culturally, with the native inhabitants. The Indian practice of taking, adopting, and sometimes torturing captives offended the Europeans more than any other practice. The treatment afforded to captives varied from tribe to tribe and tended to change as the Indians adapted to the new environment and adjusted to the increased pressure thrust upon them by the advancing whites. The primary sources used were Indian captivity narratives. The 111-volume "Garland Library of North American Indian Captivities" has made many of the better known narratives more readily available.

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