Master's thesis. / Format: PDF. Bibl.

Masteropgave. / Format: PDF. Bibl.

Masteropgave. / Format: PDF. Bibl.

Masteropgave. / Format: PDF. Bibl.

Some oil-rich countries suffer from a resource curse, a paradoxical situation in which a country with oil wealth has poor economic growth and social development. A country can escape the resource curse by selecting appropriate policies. Governments are responsible for utilizing the right policies and managing the natural resource revenue effectively to benefit their nation. In this report, various economic, political, and social measurements are used to examine the fall into the resource curse by Nigeria, Iraq, and Brazil for a period of time, and the scape of Norway from the resource curse. The report also evaluates the current circumstances of Iraq to determine which direction the resource curse will take. Several recommendations are presented to direct Iraq out of the resource curse. / text

Banks represent one of the most important parts of the economy in the world. As a result, decisions of bank management affect not just the direct bank stakeholders but the state of the economy and society as a whole. This became evident during the latest financial crisis in 2007 where the failure of one bank resulted in the domino falling that affected banks globally. The regulators increase their attention to the risks that bank face and their measures and requirements. Therefore, the research within the banking area has important consequences from both theoretical and practical side.   The purpose of this project is to investigate whether there is a relationship between dividends that Nordic banks pay and different types of risks such as market, credit (including default), liquidity and operational. The results of the research will contribute to the knowledge in finance and help different stakeholders to understand possible reasons for different dividends level.   The methodological position works as a foundation for the conduction of the research. The epistemological and ontological views applied in this project are positivism and objectivism. The deductive research approach and quantitative research strategy are used for the research and thus the collection and analysis of the archival data of 19 Nordic banks over five year time horizon. The research can therefore be described as a panel study.   Based on the previous research papers the following proxies for risks have been used in the research: market risk – capital requirement for market risk to total assets, credit risk – loan loss provisions to total assets, default risk – Altman Z-score, liquidity risk –liquidity coverage ratio, operational risk – economic capital (capital requirement) for operational risk to total asset.   Ordinary Least Square regression analysis is performed over the collected data in order to fulfil the purpose of the project. The tests results identify that there are no statistically significant relationship between dividends and market, credit, default and liquidity risks and the statistically significant negative relationship between the dividends and operational risk in Nordic banks. These findings contribute to a new knowledge within the finance and banking area in particular. Additionally, this project might be used as a foundation for the further research within the field. The findings are also useful for stakeholders in understanding banks risk level.

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Objective of the study is to assess wood yield and quality of Polish Norway spruce provenances and transfer effect in comparison with the local provenances. Object of the study is experimental plantation established in Kazlų Rūda EFE, Agurkiškės forest district (62 comp.., 43 plot). Six southern Polish proveniences were from Istebna, Ustron, Ujstoly ir Lagow forest districts and three open-pollinated families from Girionys seed orchard and progeny from the local Agurkiškės forest district were tested. Area of the experimental plantations 1,8 ha. Methods: quantitative and qualitative traits of the trees in the plantation were assessed by using the following tools and methods: height was measured with a telescopic pole, diameter with calipers and the quantitative traits were assessed by the standard methods used in genetics and breeding. Results: this study showed that growth rate and wood yield of the southern provenances were higher than of the progenies of the selected plus trees of Lithuanian origin. However, wood yield of soother Polish provenances was significantly higher than that of the local regular stands of Agurkiškių provenance. This indicates, that the seed orchard material is superior over the material form regular unimproved forests stands. This difference may be caused not only by the geographical transfer effect but also related to genetic quality of the original stands. Polish provinces possessed a lower number of forked trees but their stems were less... [to full text]

Darbo objektas - įvairaus amžiaus centrinio puvinio pažeisti eglės medžiai, kurie auga skirtinguose našumo rajonuose. Darbo tikslas – centrinio puvinio paplitimo tipinėse paprastosios eglės augavietėse (Nc, Nd, Lb, Lc, Ld) vertinimo garsiniu tomografu ARBOTOM 3D galimybių tyrimas. Darbo metodai – duomenys apie puvinio išplitimą rinkti naudojant garsinį tomografą Arbotom 3D. Surinkti duomenys apdoroti naudojant MS Excel, Statistica ir Arbotom programas. Atliekant tyrimą buvo naudoti tokie bendrieji metodai: dokumentų analizės, duomenų grupavimo, modeliavimo, loginis, palyginimo, apibendrinimo. Rezultatai – Duomenys buvo renkami 4 gamtiniuose – našumo rajonuose.Tyrimo metu pamatuota 3269 medžiai iš kurių 703 nuskenuota garsiniu tomografu. Darbo metu nustatyta, kad vaizdus, gautus garsinio tomografo Arbotom 3D pagalba, galima apdoroti su 85,44 proc patikimumu. Geriausiai puvinio buvimo stiebe faktą nusako ne absoliutus garso sklidimo greitis medienoje, bet minimalaus ir maksimalaus greičių sklidimo skirtumo santykis su mažiausiu sklidimo greičiu, bei stiebo skersmeniu 1.3 m aukštyje. Modeliuojant puvinio buvimo tikimybę Lietuvos mastu, modelyje tikslinga papildomai naudoti medžių amžių bei našumo rajoną. Didžiausias puvinio pažeistų medžių procentas buvo nustatytas IV (38,7 proc.) ir I ( 37,8 proc) Krafto klasės medžiams, II ir III klasėje pažeistų medžių buvo atitinkamai 28 proc. ir 34 proc. Tyrimų metu nustatyta, kad Lc ir Nc augavietėse puvinio pažeistų medžių dalis yra... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Subject of work –Norway spruce trees of various age class, that were damage by core rot in respect to regions of natural forest productivity. Aim of work – to investigate the possibilities of ARBOTOM 3D to identify the spread of core rot in Norway spruce regarding to forest type sites (Nc, Nd, Lb, Lc, Ld). Methods of work – material respecting rot spread were collected using tomography ARBOTOM 3D. Collected data was analyzed using Statistica, Excell and Arbotom software applications The following common scientific methods were used in this research: data analyzes, data grouping, modelling logic, comparison, syntheses. Results of work – The data of the research was collected in 4 State forests enterprises in respect to regions of natural forest productivity. In this study, 27 spruce stands of different age were choosen using random selection. The trees parameters were estimated for 3269 spruces, 703 out of estimated trees were scanned using acoustic tomography to determine the spread of rot inside stems. The reliability of 85.55 percentages was reached using ARBOTOM. The results of research revealed, that the most success approach to identify the rot in a stem was the ratio difference between maximal and minimas velocity to minimum velocity also stem diameter in 1.3 meter. Regarding to rot spread modelling in Lithuania it is advisable to use the ages of trees and regions of natural forest productivity additionally. The data of the research revealed that the most rotted... [to full text]

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