Tese de mestrado integrado. Engenharia Mecânica. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2011

This doctoral dissertation is a study of three works: Marcela Serrano’s novel We Who Love Us So Much (1992), Ariel Dorfman’s play Death and the Maiden (1992) and its filmic version directed by Roman Polanski, and the documentary directed by Maria Elena Wood, The General’s Daughter (2006). Through the representations of subjectivist female characters in the works, we analyze what we call the vicissitudes of female identity in relation to the agitated sociopolitical circumstances that Chile lived from the sixties to 2006. In those decades, we observe the process of the construction of a revolutionary identity that culminates with the election of the Popular Unity government (1970-1973). Then, we examine the breakdown of female revolutionary identity during the violent repression known as the military dictatorship (1973-1990) after the coup d’état. Finally, we investigate the reconstitution of the identity of the women on the political left, a process assumed independently (rather than collectively) by women of varied characteristics and political orientations during the re-democratization period and until 2006. By analysing the female characters moving in literature, theatre, and film, we observe that these characterizations have helped to inform the readers/viewers through sharing stories of women, their limitations, their personal and collective visions presenting their doubts and fears on matters pertaining to them as female entities. But the greatest finding in this study is to discover that cultural products contain a number of female characters that can overcome their limitations in fiction, as is the case for women working in public spaces such as Michelle Bachelet, a “historical character” from The General's Daughter. They are firmly committed to the reality of women’s lives in Chile and deliver an optimistic message; women must continue integrating other women in order to end the discrimination that still exists in Chile.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), an anxiety disorder, may develop after experiencing or witnessing a severe traumatic event. Characteristic symptoms include hyper arousal and amnesic symptoms, while volume reductions in the hippocampus of these patients appear correlated with illness severity and the degree of cognitive deficit. Stress-induced increases in plasma cortisol have been implicated in this apparent atrophy of the hippocampus, although, clinical studies have described a marked suppression of plasma cortisol in PTSD. Given this hypocortisolemia, the basis for hippocampal neuro degeneration and cognitive decline remains unclear. While stress-related hippocampal structural changes have been linked to the neurotoxic effects of glucocorticoids and glutamate. NMDA-NO pathways have been found to play a causal role in anxiety-related behaviours. Prior exposure to trauma is an important risk factor for PTSD. In most instances the disorder becomes progressively worse over time, possibly with a delayed onset, suggesting a role for sensitization. In this study a time-dependent sensitization (TDS) model was used to induce PTSD-like sequelae in male Spraque-Dawley rats. The TDS-model is based on exposure to acute stressors, with a reminder of the trauma, in the form of re-exposure to one of the acute stressor, seven days later. NOS-activity, NMDA receptor parameters (Bmax and Kd) and GABA levels in the hippocampus of rats, as well as plasma corticosterone levels were determined 21 days after exposure to the TDS-model. Increased levels of corticosterone were measured after exposure to acute stress, but these levels were found to decrease below basal levels 21 days after the re-exposure, thus mimicking glucocorticoid levels in patients with PTSD. These findings may also imply that the increase in glucocorticoid levels after stress exposure is only the initial step in a cascade of events leading to neuronal damage in the hippocampus. This study also found that stress-restress evoked a long-lasting increase in hippocampal NOS activity that was accompanied by a reactive down-regulation of hippocampal NMDA receptors and dysregulation of inhibitory GABA pathways. Subsequently, animals were chronically treated with certain pharmacological agents prior to exposure to the TDS-model to determine possible approaches for inhibiting the induction of PTSD. Pre-treatment with fluoxetine, currently indicated in the treatment of PTSD. and the nNOS inhibitor, 7-nitroindazole, had no effect on the increased NOS activity measured 21 days afler exposure to the TDS-model. Pre-treatment with the iNOS inhibitor, aminoguanidine, however, resulted in inhibition of the observed increase in hippocampal NOS-activity, implicating a possible role for the iNOS isoform in the etiology of PTSD. Treatment with ketoconazole, an inhibitor of glucoccfticoid synthesis, resulted in inhibition of the increase in NOS-activity observed after exposure to TDS-stress, thus indicating a possible link between stress glucocorticoid-release and NO synthesis. These perturbations may have importance in explaining the increasing evidence for stress-related hippocampal degenerative pathology and cognitive deficits seen in patients with PTSD. Uncovering and understanding the role of NO in PTSD will hopefully lead to the development of selective therapeutic agents in disorders like PTSD. as well as providing a better understanding of basic processes underlying normal and pathological neuronal functions in PTSD. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Pharmacology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), an anxiety disorder, may develop after experiencing or witnessing a severe traumatic event. Characteristic symptoms include hyper arousal and amnesic symptoms, while volume reductions in the hippocampus of these patients appear correlated with illness severity and the degree of cognitive deficit. Stress-induced increases in plasma cortisol have been implicated in this apparent atrophy of the hippocampus, although, clinical studies have described a marked suppression of plasma cortisol in PTSD. Given this hypocortisolemia, the basis for hippocampal neuro degeneration and cognitive decline remains unclear. While stress-related hippocampal structural changes have been linked to the neurotoxic effects of glucocorticoids and glutamate. NMDA-NO pathways have been found to play a causal role in anxiety-related behaviours. Prior exposure to trauma is an important risk factor for PTSD. In most instances the disorder becomes progressively worse over time, possibly with a delayed onset, suggesting a role for sensitization. In this study a time-dependent sensitization (TDS) model was used to induce PTSD-like sequelae in male Spraque-Dawley rats. The TDS-model is based on exposure to acute stressors, with a reminder of the trauma, in the form of re-exposure to one of the acute stressor, seven days later. NOS-activity, NMDA receptor parameters (Bmax and Kd) and GABA levels in the hippocampus of rats, as well as plasma corticosterone levels were determined 21 days after exposure to the TDS-model. Increased levels of corticosterone were measured after exposure to acute stress, but these levels were found to decrease below basal levels 21 days after the re-exposure, thus mimicking glucocorticoid levels in patients with PTSD. These findings may also imply that the increase in glucocorticoid levels after stress exposure is only the initial step in a cascade of events leading to neuronal damage in the hippocampus. This study also found that stress-restress evoked a long-lasting increase in hippocampal NOS activity that was accompanied by a reactive down-regulation of hippocampal NMDA receptors and dysregulation of inhibitory GABA pathways. Subsequently, animals were chronically treated with certain pharmacological agents prior to exposure to the TDS-model to determine possible approaches for inhibiting the induction of PTSD. Pre-treatment with fluoxetine, currently indicated in the treatment of PTSD. and the nNOS inhibitor, 7-nitroindazole, had no effect on the increased NOS activity measured 21 days afler exposure to the TDS-model. Pre-treatment with the iNOS inhibitor, aminoguanidine, however, resulted in inhibition of the observed increase in hippocampal NOS-activity, implicating a possible role for the iNOS isoform in the etiology of PTSD. Treatment with ketoconazole, an inhibitor of glucoccfticoid synthesis, resulted in inhibition of the increase in NOS-activity observed after exposure to TDS-stress, thus indicating a possible link between stress glucocorticoid-release and NO synthesis. These perturbations may have importance in explaining the increasing evidence for stress-related hippocampal degenerative pathology and cognitive deficits seen in patients with PTSD. Uncovering and understanding the role of NO in PTSD will hopefully lead to the development of selective therapeutic agents in disorders like PTSD. as well as providing a better understanding of basic processes underlying normal and pathological neuronal functions in PTSD. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Pharmacology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

Submitted by Natalia Coimbra (natalia.coimbra@gmail.com) on 2018-06-20T21:54:28Z No. of bitstreams: 4 Tese-Final.pdf: 57730241 bytes, checksum: 0270adc46f6c8756d89a8f0faeb35c49 (MD5) ANEXO_I_Estimativas_MRE.pdf: 806661 bytes, checksum: 3f09acc1a3004be9e9893b8dce6cd111 (MD5) ANEXO_II_Estimativas_ACS.pdf: 3383023 bytes, checksum: 37ce23deecb7f93d081f97264f6a16d0 (MD5) Folha-Aprovacao-Assinada.pdf: 4725887 bytes, checksum: b11406e0ed7eeb1acacb4bd4c5f8e468 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Setor de Periódicos (per_macedocosta@ufba.br) on 2018-06-26T19:18:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 4 Tese-Final.pdf: 57730241 bytes, checksum: 0270adc46f6c8756d89a8f0faeb35c49 (MD5) ANEXO_I_Estimativas_MRE.pdf: 806661 bytes, checksum: 3f09acc1a3004be9e9893b8dce6cd111 (MD5) ANEXO_II_Estimativas_ACS.pdf: 3383023 bytes, checksum: 37ce23deecb7f93d081f97264f6a16d0 (MD5) Folha-Aprovacao-Assinada.pdf: 4725887 bytes, checksum: b11406e0ed7eeb1acacb4bd4c5f8e468 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-26T19:18:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 4 Tese-Final.pdf: 57730241 bytes, checksum: 0270adc46f6c8756d89a8f0faeb35c49 (MD5) ANEXO_I_Estimativas_MRE.pdf: 806661 bytes, checksum: 3f09acc1a3004be9e9893b8dce6cd111 (MD5) ANEXO_II_Estimativas_ACS.pdf: 3383023 bytes, checksum: 37ce23deecb7f93d081f97264f6a16d0 (MD5) Folha-Aprovacao-Assinada.pdf: 4725887 bytes, checksum: b11406e0ed7eeb1acacb4bd4c5f8e468 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (FAPESB), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). / Esta tese apresenta uma abordagem transdisciplinar sobre os espetáculos culturais brasileiros que são realizados na cidade de Nova York. Este objeto de pesquisa é discutido através de três perspectivas possíveis de análise: dos agentes de políticas públicas culturais internacionais, dos imigrantes brasileiros que são trabalhadores do campo cultural, e de um grupo de mídia e eventos comunitários. No decorrer do trabalho são discutidas representações oficiais e não-oficiais da cultura brasileira. Esta discussão é apresentada como resultado de um conjunto de procedimentos metodológicos que foram adotados. Em primeiro lugar, através de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental que trata questões de identidades e alteridades, estereótipos, comunidades, globalização, políticas públicas internacionais e produção e circulação de bens simbólicos através da indústria cultural e do entretenimento. Esta costura teórica é feita a partir das contribuições dos estudos culturais e de diáspora e estudos de migração internacional. Em segundo lugar, como resultado de pesquisa de campo realizada com a comunidade brasileira em Nova York. Foram realizadas observações participantes e conduzidas entrevistas com funcionários de consulado, empresários, artistas, produtores e jornalistas culturais. Além disso, foram registrados arquivos de jornais e mapeados espaços e eventos culturais com o objetivo de contribuir para as discussões contemporâneas sobre cultura e sociedade em contextos de deslocamentos internacionais. / This doctoral dissertation presents a transdisciplinary approach on Brazilian spectacles that are held in New York City. The research object is discussed through three possible perspectives of analysis: the agents of international cultural policies, the Brazilian immigrants who work on the cultural field, and a community newspaper that also produces an ethnic event. This work discusses official and non-official representations of Brazilian culture, which are presented as a result of a set of methodological procedures adopted. Firstly, through bibliographic and documental research dealing with issues of identity and alterity, stereotypes, community, globalization, international public policies, the production and circulation of symbolic goods through cultural and entertainment industry. This theoretical framework is built upon cultural and diaspora studies and international migration studies. Secondly, it is also a result of fieldwork with the Brazilian community in New York City, and based on participatory observation and interviews conducted with consular officials, businessmen, artists, cultural producers and journalists. In addition, the research also considered the analysis of newspaper archives, and a mapping of cultural spaces and events in the city. This dissertation aims to contribute to the broader contemporary discussions on culture and society in the context of transnational flows. / Esta tesis presenta un enfoque transdisciplinar de los espectáculos culturales brasileños que se llevan a cabo en la ciudad de Nueva York. Este objeto de investigación se discute a través de tres posibles perspectivas de análisis: los agentes internacionales de las políticas culturales, los trabajadores brasileños inmigrantes que actúan en el ámbito cultural, y un grupo comunitario de comunicación y eventos. A lo largo del trabajo se discuten formas de representación oficiales y no-oficiales de la cultura brasileña. Esta discusión se presenta como resultado de un conjunto de procedimientos metodológicos que fueron adoptados. En primer lugar, a través de la revisión bibliográfica y documental que se ocupa de cuestiones de identidad y alteridad, estereotipos, comunidades, globalización, políticas públicas internacionales, producción y circulación de bienes simbólicos a través de la industria cultural y de entretenimiento. Esta costura se realiza según los aportes teóricos de los estudios culturales y de la diáspora y también de la migración internacional. En segundo lugar, surge como resultado de una investigación de campo con la comunidad brasileña en Nueva York. Durante la pesquisa fue realizada observación participante y entrevistas con funcionarios consulares, empresarios, artistas, productores culturales y periodistas. Además, fueron hechos registros de archivos de periódicos locales, y un mapeo de los eventos y espacios culturales brasileños en la cuidad a fin de contribuir para los debates contemporáneos sobre cultura y sociedad en el contexto de los movimientos internacionales.

Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Educação. / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-17T09:19:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2016-01-09T00:06:55Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 137695.pdf: 7560074 bytes, checksum: 7ac975a22c0c9d29f2875b3e72801577 (MD5)

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-27T13:30:31Z No. of bitstreams: 5 18.pdf: 362434 bytes, checksum: f11f72011a962c34a46e810093d47203 (MD5) license_url: 49 bytes, checksum: fd26723f8d7edacdb29e3f03465c3b03 (MD5) license_text: 20626 bytes, checksum: 7851d446050a985bd0603b7c4cee472d (MD5) license_rdf: 19710 bytes, checksum: aa65da15f424ff71c620a992a187295c (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-27T16:20:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 18.pdf: 362434 bytes, checksum: f11f72011a962c34a46e810093d47203 (MD5) license_url: 49 bytes, checksum: fd26723f8d7edacdb29e3f03465c3b03 (MD5) license_text: 20626 bytes, checksum: 7851d446050a985bd0603b7c4cee472d (MD5) license_rdf: 19710 bytes, checksum: aa65da15f424ff71c620a992a187295c (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-27T16:20:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 18.pdf: 362434 bytes, checksum: f11f72011a962c34a46e810093d47203 (MD5) license_url: 49 bytes, checksum: fd26723f8d7edacdb29e3f03465c3b03 (MD5) license_text: 20626 bytes, checksum: 7851d446050a985bd0603b7c4cee472d (MD5) license_rdf: 19710 bytes, checksum: aa65da15f424ff71c620a992a187295c (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / A cria??o de animais em regime de confinamento, na regi?o do Alto Vale Jequitinhonha-MG, depara-se com condi??es t?rmicas ambientais altamente favor?veis e a suinocultura apresenta-se como uma atividade promissora, principalmente no ?mbito da agricultura familiar, modalidade bastante compat?vel com a realidade dessa regi?o. Nesse contexto, ? importante considerar que embora tenha import?ncia social e econ?mica para o Brasil, nos ?ltimos anos, a suinocultura vem sofrendo severas cr?ticas em virtude da polui??o, sobretudo h?drica, constatada nas regi?es de maior concentra??o animal, colocando sob questionamento o modelo produtivo atualmente adotado. Contudo, observa-se interesse crescente pela ado??o de sistemas alternativos de cria??o de su?nos, entre eles, a cria??o em cama sobreposta que reduz os riscos de contamina??o ambiental pela convers?o do manejo dos dejetos da fase l?quida para a s?lida, al?m da possibilidade de utiliza??o do material org?nico resultante dessa pr?tica como fertilizante. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: (a) fazer a caracteriza??o f?sica e qu?mica da cama sobreposta de su?no como adubo org?nico, levando em conta a legisla??o brasileira vigente quanto ?s exig?ncias para a destina??o de compostos org?nicos; e (b) avaliar os efeitos da aplica??o da cama sobreposta de su?no nos atributos qu?micos de um Neossolo Quartzar?nico e na produ??o de massa seca e ac?mulo de nutrientes em plantas de milho. Pelos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir: (1) h? necessidade de um per?odo de matura??o, sem a presen?a dos animais, antes que a cama sobreposta seja utilizada como adubo org?nico; (2) os par?metros da cama sobreposta avaliados neste estudo se enquadram na legisla??o brasileira como fertilizantes org?nicos simples; (3) embora tenha proporcionado incrementos na produ??o de massa seca do milho, os efeitos da aduba??o org?nica com cama sobreposta foram muito mais relevantes em promover melhorias nas propriedades f?sico-qu?micas do solo do que em fornecer nutrientes ao milho; (4) ainda s?o escassas as informa??es sobre o uso de cama sobreposta como fertilizante org?nico; e (5) um aspecto interessante a se avaliar em estudos futuros envolve, principalmente, a mineraliza??o do nitrog?nio de diferentes tipos de cama, bem como de camas submetidas a diferentes tempos de perman?ncia no sistema de cria??o, a fim de que seja poss?vel estabelecer o potencial fertilizante nitrogenado desse composto e recomendar doses desse fertilizante ?s culturas comerciais. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Produ??o Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2010. / ABSTRACT The animal creating in confinement, in the region Alto Vale do Jequitinhonha-MG, encounter environmental thermal conditions highly favorable and the swine production is shown as a promising activity, especially within the farming family, which is a mode for quite compatible with the reality of this region. In this context, it?s important to consider that although has great social and economical relevance for Brazil, in recent years, the swine production industry has been severely criticized due to pollution, mainly in water, that has been noticed in regions where swine production is concentrated. This fact puts in question the current production model. But there is a growing interest in adopting the deep-litter production system, which reduces the risk of environmental contamination by converting the waste handling of the liquid to solid, beyond the possibility of use of organic material resulting from this practice as fertilizer. The objectives of this study were: (a) evaluating performing the physical and chemical characterization of deep-litter for use as an organic fertilizer, taking into account the current legislation for organic compounds and; (b) evaluate the effects of application on physical and chemical properties of a Typic Quartzipsamment, and on nutrient accumulation and dry matter yield of maize plants. By the results obtained, we can conclude: (1) there is a need for additional composting, without the presence of animals, previous to the deep-litter be used as organic fertilizer; (2) the parameters of deep-litter evaluated, in this study, fall within the Brazilian legislation as simple organic fertilizers; (3) although, has provided increases in dry matter of maize, the effects of organic manure with deep-litter were much more pronounced in providing improvements in physical and chemical properties of soil to provide nutrients such as corn and; (4) the information about the use of deep-litter as fertilizer are scarce and; (5) an interesting aspect to assess in future studies, involving mainly the nitrogen mineralization of different types of deep-litter and your residence times in the swine production, in order to be able to establish the potencial fertilizer this compound and to recommend doses of fertilizer to crops.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-27T13:30:32Z No. of bitstreams: 5 23.pdf: 968729 bytes, checksum: 708a2fc2af8284a6b22a75db644cadea (MD5) license_url: 49 bytes, checksum: fd26723f8d7edacdb29e3f03465c3b03 (MD5) license_text: 20904 bytes, checksum: e09bf99e64678e4285abf3ef3e05412d (MD5) license_rdf: 23422 bytes, checksum: b145eda3d84bdc4f56b389c0ab98d368 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-27T16:52:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 23.pdf: 968729 bytes, checksum: 708a2fc2af8284a6b22a75db644cadea (MD5) license_url: 49 bytes, checksum: fd26723f8d7edacdb29e3f03465c3b03 (MD5) license_text: 20904 bytes, checksum: e09bf99e64678e4285abf3ef3e05412d (MD5) license_rdf: 23422 bytes, checksum: b145eda3d84bdc4f56b389c0ab98d368 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-27T16:52:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 23.pdf: 968729 bytes, checksum: 708a2fc2af8284a6b22a75db644cadea (MD5) license_url: 49 bytes, checksum: fd26723f8d7edacdb29e3f03465c3b03 (MD5) license_text: 20904 bytes, checksum: e09bf99e64678e4285abf3ef3e05412d (MD5) license_rdf: 23422 bytes, checksum: b145eda3d84bdc4f56b389c0ab98d368 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / A distribui??o como biofertilizantes ? uma alternativa vi?vel para a destina??o dos dejetos produzidos na suinocultura, j? que eles possuem nutrientes tais como f?sforo, nitrog?nio, entre outros. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar os par?metros f?sico-qu?micos de dejetos l?quidos de su?nos (DLS), tratados em sistema de lagoas em s?rie e avaliar as altera??es nos atributos microbiol?gicos de um solo cultivado com caf? ap?s aplica??o de diferentes doses de DLS. O estudo foi conduzido na Granja Campo Alegre e na Fazenda Yamaguchi, no Munic?pio de Diamantina, Minas Gerais. Os DLS foram coletados em v?rios pontos: sa?da das instala??es, sa?da da lagoa anaer?bia, sa?da da primeira lagoa facultativa e sa?da da segunda lagoa facultativa, sendo analisados: Demanda Qu?mica de Oxig?nio (DQOt), Demanda Bioqu?mica de Oxig?nio (DBO5), Concentra??o de S?lidos Totais (ST), Nitrog?nio Total (N-Total), F?sforo, Pot?ssio, Zinco e Cobre. Ap?s an?lise, os dejetos foram aplicados em um cafeeiro, em experimento, constitu?do por cinco tratamentos com cinco repeti??es. As amostras de solo foram coletadas, na camada de 0-10 cm, de profundidade. Foram avaliados a respira??o basal, o carbono da biomassa microbiana e determinado o quociente metab?lico. Os resultados permitiram constatar que o sistema de lagoas de estabiliza??o em s?rie apresenta 88% de efici?ncia na remo??o de DQOt e 91% na remo??o de DBO5. As fra??es de s?lidos apresentaram comportamento semelhante e a efici?ncia de remo??o de N-Total correspondeu a 24,2%. O uso de dejetos l?quidos de su?nos no solo, antes e 30 dias ap?s sua aplica??o, aumentou a biomassa microbiana do solo e a atividade microbiana. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que o sistema de lagoas de estabiliza??o em s?rie demonstra ser eficiente na remo??o do excesso de nutrientes. Ressalte-se que o tratamento demonstrou caracter?sticas favor?veis ao reaproveitamento dos dejetos como biofertilizante. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Produ??o Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2010. / ABSTRACT The distribution in biofertilizer form is a feasible alternative for disposal of waste produced by pigs, since they have nutrients such as phosphorus, nitrogen, among others. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the physical and chemical parameters of pig slurry (DLS), treated in a system of ponds in series and evaluate the changes in the microbial soil of a coffee plantation after applying different doses of pig slurry. The study was conducted in the Campo Alegre Farm and Ranch Yamaguchi in the city of Diamantina, Minas Gerais. The DLS were collected at various points: exit of the facilities, exit of the anaerobic pond, exit of the first facultative pond, exit of the second facultative pond, and analyzed: Chemical Oxygen Demand (DQOt), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) concentration Total Solids (DS), Total Nitrogen (Total-N), Phosphorus, Potassium, Zinc, and Copper. After analysis, the pig manure were applied in a coffee plantation, in an experiment consisting of five treatments with five replications. Soil samples were collected at 0-10 cm depth. It was evaluated the basal respiration, microbial biomass carbon and metabolic quotient determined. The results show that the system of stabilization ponds in series features 88% efficiency in removing DQOt and 91% for BOD5 removal. The fractions of solids showed similar behavior and t removal efficiency of Total-N accounted for 24.2%. Use of pig slurry in soil, before and 30 days after application, amplified the soil microbial biomass and microbial activity. The results showed that the system of stabilization ponds in series proves to be effective in removing excess nutrients. It is noteworthy that treatment showed favorable characteristics for reuse of wastes as biofertilizers.

A globalização e a maior inserção do Brasil no cenário econômico mundial vêm provocando profundas mudanças nas práticas gerenciais das empresas. Nesse cenário, também as políticas de remuneração estão passando por transformações, na medida em que buscam formas salariais que levam em consideração a participação e o envolvimento do trabalhador nos objetivos das empresas. A partir do final de 1994, quando surge efetivamente no Brasil uma legislação estabelecendo as diretrizes básicas referente à Participação dos Trabalhadores nos Lucros ou Resultados, esta questão vem ganhando espaço e merecendo maior consideração na Gestão Estratégica de Recursos Humanos das empresas. Por se tratar de assunto recente na realidade das empresas brasileiras e não existirem ainda pesquisas mais aprofundadas sobre esta matéria no Brasil, este estudo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa realizada com seis empresas do setor metal-mecânico e de materiais elétricos, associadas ao SIMECS – Sindicato das Indústrias Metalúrgicas, Mecânicas e de Material Elétrico de Caxias do Sul. O estudo é de natureza exploratória. Adotou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa com os gestores dos Programas de Participação nos Lucros ou Resultados nestas seis empresas e, posteriormente, uma pesquisa quantitativa junto a um grupo de 84 funcionários destas mesmas empresas. O objetivo do estudo é identificar e avaliar as práticas adotadas por estas empresas na implementação dos seus Programas de Participação nos Lucros ou Resultados, bem como avaliar a opinião dos trabalhadores a respeito destes programas.

Os planos de Incentivos e Recompensas, tema deste trabalho, apresentado através de estudos de caso de duas empresas do ramo metal-mecânico, situadas em Caxias do Sul, no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, buscou retratar a forma como as duas empresas estão tratando a relação, a partir da percepção de seus membros, do retorno que os planos de Incentivos e Recompensas oferecidos a seus colaboradores trazem às mesmas. O presente trabalho procurou relacionar aspectos teóricos ligados à variedade de Modelos de Gestão disponíveis aos Administradores na tarefa de lidar com o comportamento humano, identificando através do Planejamento Estratégico de Recursos Humanos as necessidades organizacionais, contribuindo dessa maneira no processo participativo. Outro aspecto que é evidenciado são os programas de Remuneração Estratégica e Benefícios que visam, fundamentalmente, provocar mudanças favoráveis nos resultados da empresa. A Motivação também esta presente neste trabalho, já que ela trata uma variedade de aspectos comportamentais, sendo inegável o fato de que a diversidade de interesses percebida entre os indivíduos permite aceitar, que as pessoas não fazem as mesmas coisas pelas mesmas razões. A análise dos fatores extrínsecos e intrínsecos também é evidenciada já que, as atividades intrinsecamente motivadas são aquelas às quais não existe recompensa aparente, exceto as atividades em si mesmas, enquanto que as pessoas demonstram engajar-se a essas atividades em seu próprio benefício e não porque as levem a recompensas extrínsecas, ou seja, a ganhos materiais. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados no estudo dos casos foram de natureza exploratória e descritiva e de resultados não-conclusivos, e foram desenvolvidos em três etapas distintas: a primeira partiu de um levantamento junto às áreas de Recursos Humanos das empresas pesquisadas, sobre os tipos de Incentivos e Recompensas e Benefícios que as mesmas oferecem a seus funcionários; a segunda e a terceira etapas consistiram na aplicação de questionários com questões fechadas e com algumas questões para verificar o perfil dos funcionários. O instrumento foi aplicado aos níveis Estratégicos, Táticos e Operacionais, e a escolha dos sujeitos que responderam aos questionários foi através de amostragem estratificada proporcional. Para assegurar a representatividade em relação às propriedades adotadas como critérios para estratificação foram utilizadas as variáveis: níveis (Estratégicos, Táticos e Operacionais), escolaridade e sexo. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que os Incentivos e Recompensas são utilizados como forma de motivação na empresa Y; entretanto, na empresa X, esse entendimento não se repete. Quanto ao aspecto da melhoria da produtividade, constata-se que os funcionários de ambas as empresas entendem que os Planos de Incentivos e Recompensas contribuem para a melhoria da mesma.