Estudo transversal retrospectivo realizado um hospital universitário de grande porte do sul do Brasil para analisar o Diagnóstico de Enfermagem (DE) Risco de quedas e os cuidados de enfermagem prescritos para pacientes adultos hospitalizados em unidades clínicas e cirúrgicas no ano de 2011. Especificamente, buscou-se identificar a prevalência do DE, o perfil clínico dos pacientes, os fatores de risco estabelecidos e os cuidados prescritos para esses pacientes, agrupando os últimos de acordo com as intervenções descritas na Nursing Interventions Classifications (NIC). A amostra constituiu-se de 174 pacientes, e os dados foram coletados em sistema de prescrição informatizado e prontuário online. A análise foi realizada pela estatística descritiva e o agrupamento dos cuidados de enfermagem nas intervenções NIC baseou-se no método de mapeamento cruzado. O estudo foi aprovado em Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa (nº 110631). Houve prevalência do DE Risco de quedas em 4% das internações estudadas, o perfil dos pacientes com este DE apontou para idosos, sexo masculino (57%), internados nas unidades clínicas (63,2%), com tempo mediano de internação de 20(10-24) dias, portadores de doenças neurológicas (26%), cardiovasculares (74,1%) e várias comorbidades (3±1,8). Os fatores de risco mais prevalentes foram alteração neurológica (43,1%), mobilidade prejudicada (35,6%) e extremos de idade (10,3%). Entre os 48 diferentes cuidados de enfermagem prescritos, os mais frequentes foram manter grades no leito (83,2%), orientar paciente/família quanto aos riscos e prevenção de quedas (49,4%) e manter campainha ao alcance do paciente (40,8%). O agrupamento dos cuidados nas intervenções NIC apontou Controle do Ambiente: segurança (29,2%), Prevenção de Quedas (20,6%) e Monitoração Neurológica (15%) como as mais prevalentes. A intervenção Prevenção de Quedas compreendeu o maior número de cuidados diferentes. Concluiu-se que a prevalência deste DE ainda é pequena no cenário de estudo, o que talvez possa ser modificado após o início da utilização de instrumento preditor de risco. O perfil dos pacientes com este DE mostra que são em maioria idosos, com doenças neurológicas e cardiovasculares e diversas comorbidades, o que requer cuidados preventivos à multiplicidade desses fatores. A intervenção Prevenção de Quedas mostrou-se realmente prioritária ao DE Risco de quedas, pois suas atividades se direcionam à multifatorialidade do evento. O uso de linguagens padronizadas na prática clínica pode contribuir para a qualificação do cuidado, norteando protocolos de prevenção e de segurança aos pacientes. / Retrospective cross-sectional study performed in a large university hospital in southern Brazil to analyze the ND Risk for fall and nursing cares prescribed for adult patients hospitalized in clinical and surgical units in 2011. The specific objectives were: identify the prevalence of the ND Risk for fall; the clinical profile of patients; the risk factors established and nursing cares prescribed for these patients, grouping them according to the interventions described in the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC). The sample consisted of 174 patients and the data were collected in medical records and computerized system. The data analysis was done by the descriptive and analytic statistics and the grouping of nursing cares in the NIC interventions was based on the cross-mapping method. The study was approved by Ethics and Research Committee (number 110631). The results showed a prevalence of the ND Risk for fall in 4% of the hospitalizations studied. The profile of the patients with this ND pointed to elderly, male (57%), hospitalized in clinical units (63.2%), with median time of hospitalizations of 20 (10-24) days, with neurological disorders (26%), cardiovascular (74,1%) and many comorbidities (3±1,8). The risk factors most prevalent were: Neurological alteration (43.1%), Impaired mobility (35.6%) and Age extremes (10.3%). Were identified 48 different nursing cares prescribed, being the most frequent Keep the bars in the bed (83.2%), Guide patient/family about the risks and prevention of falls (49.4%) and Keep the bell within reach of the patient (40.8%). The care grouping in the NIC interventions pointed to Environment control: security (29.2%), Prevention of falls (20.6%) and Neurological monitoring (15%) as the most prevalent. The intervention Prevention of falls comprehended the largest number of different cares. It was concluded that the prevalence of this ND is still low in the studied scenario, which may be modified after the beginning of the use of the risk predictor instrument. The profile of patients with this ND shows that they are most elderly, with neurological and cardiovascular diseases and many comorbidities, which requires preventive cares to the multiplicity of these factors. The intervention Prevention of falls proved to be really priority to the ND Risk for fall, because its activities are directed to the multifactorial of the event. The use of standardized language in clinical practice can contribute to qualify the care, guiding prevention and patient’s safety protocols. / Estudio transversal retrospectivo realizado en un hospital universitario de grande porte del sur de Brasil para analizar el Diagnostico de Enfermería (DE) Riesgo de Caídas y los cuidados de la enfermería prescriptos para pacientes adultos hospitalizados en unidades clínicas y cirúrgicas durante el año de 2011. Los objetivos específicos fueron: identificar la permanencia del DE Riesgo de caídas; el perfil clínico de los pacientes; los factores de riesgo establecidos y los cuidados prescriptos para esos pacientes, además de agrupar de acuerdo con las intervenciones descriptas en la Nursing Interventions Classifications (NIC). La muestra se constituyó de 174 pacientes y los datos colectados en sistema informatizado y prontuarios. El análisis fue realizada por la estadística descriptiva y agrupamiento de los cuidados de enfermería en las intervenciones NIC se ha basado en el método de mapeamiento cruzado. El estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética e Investigación (nº 110631). El permanencia del DE Riesgo de caída fue de 4% en las internaciones estudiadas. El perfil de los pacientes puntó para ancianos, sexo masculino (57%), internados en las unidades clínicas (63,2%), con tiempo medio de internación de 20 (10-24) días, portadores de enfermedades neurológicas (26%), cardiovasculares (74,1%) y diversas morbilidades (3±1,8). Los factores de riesgo más permanentes fueron: Alteración neurológica (43,1%), Movilidad perjudicada (35,6%) y de los Extremos de edad (10,3%). Se identificaron 48 cuidados de enfermería prescriptos siendo los más frecuentes: mantener baranda en las camas (83,2%), orientar paciente/familia en cuanto a los riesgos y prevención de caídas (49,4%) y mantener el timbre al alcance del paciente (40,8%). El agrupamiento de los cuidados en las intervenciones NIC apuntaron Control de Ambiente: seguridad (29,2%). Prevención de Caídas (20,6%) y Monitoreo Neurológico (15%) como las más permanentes. La intervención Prevención de Caídas comprendió el mayor número de diferentes cuidados. Se concluyó que la permanencia de este DE todavía es pequeña en el escenario del estudio, lo que tal vez pueda ser modificado después del inicio de la utilización de instrumento predictor de riesgo. Los pacientes con este DE muestra que son en mayoría ancianos, con enfermedades neurológicas y cardiovasculares y diversas morbilidades, y que requieren cuidados preventivos a la multiplicidad de estos factores. La intervención Prevención de Caídas se mostró realmente prioritaria al DE Riesgo de Caídas, pues sus actividades se direccionan a los diferentes factores del evento. El uso de lenguajes padronizados en la práctica clínica puede contribuir para la cualificación del cuidado norteando protocolos de prevención y de seguridad a los pacientes.

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a relação entre grau de complexidade do cuidado de pacientes, nível de estresse e coping nos profissionais de enfermagem em unidades de internação adulto de um hospital universitário de Porto Alegre. Para tal, delineou-se um estudo transversal desenvolvido nas unidades de internação clínica 5º norte, 6º norte e 7º norte. O grau de complexidade do cuidado dos pacientes foi analisado em 2.007 registros extraídos do Sistema HCPA Conecta, com o instrumento do Sistema de Classificação de Pacientes de Perroca (SCPP), no período de junho a agosto de 2016. A avaliação dos níveis de estresse e coping foi realizada por meio dos instrumentos Inventário de Estresse em Enfermeiros (IEE) e Inventário de Respostas de Coping no Trabalho (IRC-T), numa amostra de 89 profissionais de enfermagem, sendo 28 (31,5%) enfermeiros e 61 (68,5%) auxiliares e/ou técnicos de enfermagem. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa da instituição, respeitando os preceitos éticos. Os dados foram organizados e analisados no programa estatístico SPSS, versão 21.0. Ao compararmos os níveis de complexidade dos cuidados semi-intensivo e intensivo entre as unidades, obtivemos que a unidade 6º norte apresentou valores mais altos que a 5º norte e a 7º norte, sendo que estas apresentaram graus semelhantes (p < 0,001). Tanto em relação ao nível de estresse total (p = 0,180) quanto à utilização das estratégias de coping (p = 0,315), não houve diferença entre as categorias profissionais. . Ao comparar o nível de estresse conforme a unidade de trabalho, observou-se que os profissionais da 6º norte apresentaram maior nível de estresse total (2,87 ± 0,66; p = 0,030) e nos fatores intrínsecos ao trabalho em relação à 5º norte e 7º norte (2,86 ± 0,71; p = 0,025). Quando avaliada sobre a utilização de estratégias de coping, a unidade 6º norte não apresentou diferença no escore total comparada à 5º norte e 7º norte. Observou-se que os profissionais da 6º norte utilizavam mais respostas de evitação nas subcategorias fatores de racionalização evasiva (8,5 ± 3,6; p = 0,014) e fator do extravasamento emocional (4,6 ± 2,8; p = 0,037) do que os profissionais alocados nas outras unidades em estudo. Os resultados sugerem que os profissionais que cuidavam de pacientes com maior grau de complexidade do cuidado estavam expostos ao maior nível de estresse e utilizavam mais respostas de evitação por meio da racionalização e do extravasamento emocional. O uso consciente dessas estratégias de coping pode estar indicando a necessidade de espaços para compreensão dos modelos de comportamento adotados para lidar com estresse laboral, promovendo assim o bem-estar físico e psíquico dos trabalhadores. Dessa forma, a contribuição deste estudo está em descrever uma realidade de trabalho com possibilidade de danos aos profissionais de enfermagem, indicando a necessidade de intervenção das instituições, bem como a criação de programas para redução dos níveis de estresse nessa população, utilizando de forma saudável as estratégias de enfrentamentos nas situações estressoras. / The objective of this study was the verification of the relationship between complexity of care of patients, stress level and coping in nursing professionals in adult hospitalization units of a university hospital of Porto Alegre. For that purpose, a cross-sectional study was developed in the 5th, 6th e 7th clinical internment north units. Degree of complexity of patient´s care was analyzed in 2007 records extracted from the HCPA Conecta System, using the Perroca Patient Classification System (SCPP) instrument, from June to August 2016. The evaluation of stress levels and Coping was done through the Nursing Stress Inventory (IEE) and Coping at Work Inventory (IRC-T), in a sample of 89 nursing professionals, of whom 28 (31.5%) were nurses and 61 (68,5%) nursing assistants and / or technicians. The study was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of the institution, respecting the ethical precepts. The data were organized and analyzed in the statistical program SPSS, version 21.0. When comparing the levels of complexity of semi-intensive and intensive care among the units, we found that the unit 6th north presented values higher than 5th north and 7th north, and these presented similar degrees (p <0.001). Regarding the total stress level (p = 0.180) and the use of coping strategies (p = 0.315), there was no difference between the professional categories. When the level of stress was compared with the work´s unit, it was observed that the professionals of the 6th north presented a higher level of total stress (2.87 ± 0.66, p = 0.030) and in the factors intrinsic to work in relation to the 5th North and 7th north (2.86 ± 0.71, p = 0.025). When the use of coping strategies was evaluated, unit 6th north did not present difference in the total score compared to 5th north and 7th north. It was observed that professionals from the 6th North used more avoidance responses in the subcategories evasive rationalization factors (8.5 ± 3.6, p = 0.014) and emotional extravasation factor (4.6 ± 2.8; p = 0.037) than the professionals allocated in the other units of this study. The results suggest that professionals who cared for patients with higher levels of care complexity were exposed to the highest level of stress and used more avoidance responses through rationalization and emotional extravasation. The conscious use of these coping strategies may be indicating the need for spaces to understand the behavioral models adopted to deal with work stress, thus promoting the physical and psychological well-being of the workers. Consequently, this study describe a reality of work with possibility of damages to nursing professionals, indicating the need for intervention of the institutions, as well as the creation of programs to reduce stress levels in this population, using in a healthy way the coping strategies in stressful situations.

The thesis is focused on the up-to-date issues of application of NIC and NOC to nursing care at standard wards. Implementation of unified nursing language is a great challenge for Czech nursing. Application of unified professional terminology and standardized electronic data improves effectiveness of cooperation between health care staff from different facilities and develops nursing statistic registers, which are useful for development of research in nursing care and substantially improve the quality of nursing care in heath care facilities. This thesis is a part of research grant project implemented by the Department of Nursing of the Faculty of Health Care and Social Studies of the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, GAJU JU 079/2010/S, called Application of conceptual model and classification systems to nursing documentation. In the theoretical part we map the basic theses, principles and novelties of development, classification systems, particularly from foreign literature. We set four basic goals before the research, focused on application of classification systems to standard departments, on the aspects affecting introduction of classification systems to standard departments, elaboration of proposals and solution of application of classification systems and verification of application of classification systems to standard departments. The research was implemented in cooperation with the following South Bohemian workplaces: České Budějovice Hospital, Český Krumlov Hospital, Jindřichův Hradec Hospital, Prachatice Hospital, Strakonice Hospital, Tábor Hospital, and Písek Hospital. The empiric part was based on qualitative-quantitative method. We chose the techniques of document content analysis and semi structured interview. The quantitative research was based on questionnaire research. We examined the diagnostic-nursing management from selected documents from the involved hospitals by means of content analysis. We conducted interviews with head nurses and we particularly focused on the spheres of nursing documentation topics and diagnostic classification systems. Three research questions were linked to the interviews. The interviews were interpreted in the form of thought maps. The questionnaire research was designed for general nurses from standard surgical and internal wards. Four hypotheses were related to the questionnaire research. The quantitative data were processed in statistic form; we used frequency tables and also worked with the chi-square test of compliance. A basic nursing diagnostic module according to NANDA-I, NIC and NOC, which has been presented to nurses ? professionals from practice ? for testing is the output of the thesis. Nursing specialists were informed on the content analysis results at the 3rd South Bohemian Conference of non doctoral health care workers in České Budějovice.

This thesis mapped the view of the DNR issue through the eyes of nurses working at the resuscitation department and ICU. A DNR (Do Not Resuscitate) order indicates situations when starting immediate resuscitation is not indicated in respiratory or cardiac arrest. DNR is ordered by a doctor after evaluation of the overall clinic condition and further prognoses of a patient. A patient him/herself has the right to decide on not starting resuscitation in the form of a request expressed in advance. The main task of the nurse continues to care for the patient and her/his family. Qualitative research showed thad nursing care remains unchanged even in a patient with DNR order. Nurses see DNR first of all as termination of patient suffering and consider DNR definitely acceptable in old and terminally ill people. Non resuscitation of a young person or a child is unacceptable for them. They consider the decision making itself an ethical problem. There is vain and inefficient treatment burdening a person on one side and person?s autonomy and participation in deciding on his/her own fate.

The subject of this thesis is called ?The influence of the middle nursing management on the nursing care quality?. The theoretical part focuses on head nurses, their preferred characteristics, skills, competencies, leadership styles and the way of implementing changes. The component of the theoretical part is also a description of the nursing care quality, and some ways how to achieve it. The practical part focuses on the influence of head nurses on the nursing care quality. For the processing the thesis has been used the combination of both qualitative and quantitative surveys. Our inquiry was conducted in the South-Bohemian hospitals and head nurses were the respondents. During the questioning survey and interviews we have managed to achieve all our pre-defined targets. Through the interviews we have managed to answer all given research questions. We found that all interviewed head nurses have the professional knowledge of the nursing management field. We identified ways of implementing changes to enhance the nursing care quality in practice. The head nurses stated, that nurses accept these changes after a presentation of professional arguments, and that the head nurses are led and supported during the introduction of the changes by top management. The head nurses, interviewed by us, believe that the adoption of changes to enhance the nursing care quality will help to increase the prestige of nursing and support the independence of this field. Based on the evaluation results of the survey we have identified the reluctance of nurses to learn new things as the most common problem in the implementation of changes.

Dialysis treatment is demanding for adult patients let alone for children. The families can have financial problems and the relations within the family are disrupted. The school attendance of children on dialysis is affected by the treatment. Because of the insertion of a peritoneal catheter and the necessity to wear a mouthpiece among other children the children can feel "different". The aim of the thesis is to determine the needs of child patients on dialysis and the views of their families regarding the illnesses and the dialysis treatment. A further goal was to examine the life of the dialysed children and their families with regards to social elements and how the dialysed children perceive the treatment. We have set down five questions. How do the dialysed children and their families adapt? How does dialysis of the child patients affect their families? How do the dialysed children perceive their illness? What information do the children have about their medical condition? What is the difference between the children with inherent and acquired illness? A qualitative research was used to assess the data acquired by semi-structured interviews. Two sets of questions for the dialysed children and their parents were created for the interviews. The interviews helped to find out how the children spend their time and how they perceive their regular visits to the dialysis centres and the process of dialysis itself. The questions for parents focused on issues regarding family, personal and social situations and the life of their dialysed children. The first research group was composed of 8 children of different ages and the criterion for including them into the group was their treatment by elimination methods. The second research group was formed by 8 parents who regularly accompany their children to the dialysis centres. The research group thus represented 53 % of the possible respondents in the Czech Republic. The chapter on data categorization defines several issues that were most problematic for the respondents. The information acquired from children and parents show that the children in the chronic dialysis program and their parents are subject to involuntary changes in their lives. The changes affect the social inclusion of the children, relations within the family; the school attendance of the children is limited due to their visits of the dialysis centres or hospitalisations. The children are separated from their families, peers and the financial situation is of the family is also affected as the mother often has to stay at home and take care of the child. There are, of course, efforts to improve not only the results of the treatment but also the subjective perception of the patient. The results of the research indicate that the children treated by peritoneal dialysis have thanks to better time options more opportunities to join a collective e.g. in school. An interesting fact is that the children often handle the dialysis process better than their parents because they support their children who rely on them. This thesis should help not only the medical staff in everyday contact with dialysed patients but can also serve as a basis for improvement in other areas of care of chronically ill children. Chapter Recommendations for practice lists sets of activities that with the help of the whole team of doctors and non-doctors contribute to the treatment. The care must always revolve around the question "What can I do to help"? The most important areas are psychical suffering of the children and their families, the dialysed patients? discomfort, dietary restrictions and problematical areas of care.

The subject of this thesis is the Nursing Care of Children with Suspected Child Abuse and Neglect Syndrome (CAN). The child abuse and neglect syndrome is one of the most serious transgressions committed against children in today?s society. One of the most important steps is to reveal, or just suspect, CAN Syndrome and follow this up with comprehensive child care. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical sections. The theoretical section deals with a historic look at child care, the different forms of abuse and neglect, a clinical picture of CAN Syndrome, the examination of a child, nursing care, the role of a nurse, the treatment of CAN, and finally the incidence and prevention of CAN. Five objectives were laid down in the thesis. The first objective was to map the specific aspects of the nursing care of children suspected of having CAN Syndrome. Two research questions were posed regarding this objective: What are the aspects of the nursing care of children suspected of having CAN Syndrome? And the second research question: In which cases are nursing care of children suspected of having CAN Syndrome specific aspects adhered to? The second objective was to determine whether health care workers are able to recognise the indications of CAN Syndrome. The third objective was to assess the theoretical and practical knowledge of health care workers when treating children suspected of having CAN Syndrome. The last two objectives were to create a standard of nursing care for children suspected of having CAN Syndrome and to determine the frequency of the incidence of CAN Syndrome. Three hypotheses were set forth regarding the research objectives: H1 The informedness of paediatric nurses about CAN Syndrome is greater than the informedness of other health care workers, H2 The informedness of university-educated health care workers is greater than health care workers with a secondary school education, H3 The informedness of health care workers with more experience is greater than the informedness of health care workers with less. In order to achieve the laid down objectives, quantitative and qualitative research was conducted. The results of the research can be utilised as a source of information for health care workers for the further improvement of nursing care and as educational materials for the teaching of future health care workers. The output of this thesis is a nursing care standard, which according to the results of the research would be welcomed by a majority of the respondents and which would assist nursing staff in the diagnosis and care of a child with CAN syndrome.

Diploma thesis entitled Healthcare Risks in Acute Forms of Coronary Heart Disease is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part is divided into parts dealing with medicinal aspects, risk management and nursing care. The medicinal part defines the term coronary heart disease and describes its acute forms. The nursing care part describes how to care about a patient with acute CHD. It also points out the risky spheres in caring about a patient with acute CHD and describes possibilities of education provided by a nurse before discharging a patient to home care. The next part lists examples of diagnoses according to NANDA II that a nurse determines in patients with acute CHD. The research was performed with nurses from the cardiology department of the České Budějovice Hospital. Twelve nurses participated in the research in the qualitative research form based on semi structured interview. Three aims were set for the diploma thesis. The first aim was to find out whether nurses knew the risks that might occur in nursing care of acute CHD forms. The next aim of the thesis was to find out how nurses prevent the risks in nursing care of acute CHD forms. And the third aim was to find and compare differences in knowledge and skills between nurses from a Cardiac Intensive Care Unit and those from a standard cardiology department in nursing care of acute CHD forms. Six research questions were based on the aims. 1: Do nurses know the risks that might occur in nursing care of acute CHD forms? 2: Do nurses know complications that might arise from the risks in nursing care of acute CHD forms? 3: Do nurses know how to proceed in a situation when a mere risk changes into a real problem? 4: Do nurses from the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit (CICU) know how to proceed against the risks in acute CHD forms better than the nurses from the cardiology ward (CW)? 5: Are the CICU nurses able to prevent the risks better than the CW nurses? 6: Are the CICU nurses better aware of the risks that might occur in nursing care of acute CHD forms? I have managed to find answers to the research questions and thus to fulfil the aims set for the diploma thesis. It was found in the research, particularly by comparison of the knowledge and skills of the nurses from the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit and those from the standard cardiology ward that the knowledge among the nurses from both the stations is comparable. Only the results of the standard cardiology ward nurses and their answers suggest that they try to concentrate on patient's psychological condition apart from provision of nursing care. The following conclusions were finally drawn from the research questions set for the research: Nurses are aware of the risks that might occur in nursing care of acute CHD forms. Nurses are aware of the complications that might arise from the risks in nursing care of acute CHD forms. Nurses know how to proceed in a situation when a mere risk changes into a real problem. Nurses from the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit know how to proceed against the risks in acute CHD forms better than the nurses from the standard cardiology ward. Nurses from the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit are able to prevent the risks better than the standard cardiology ward nurses. Nurses from the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit do not know the risks that might occur in nursing care of acute CHD forms better than the nurses from the standard cardiology ward. Study material for secondary and tertiary students summarizing how to care about a patient with acute CHD was prepared as a result of the thesis, with regard to the research with the nurses, who personally faced the patients with acute CHD and are experienced in the care both with and without complications.

The thesis principles of nursing care for a child with renal failure is engaged in nursing activities in nephrology and cardiology intensive care unit of a hospital in Prague - Motol. Acute renal failure is defined as a condition where there is a sudden , usually reversible renal impairment, which were totally wrong , or very little damage. Besides the medical approach to this disease in acute renal failure urgently needed highly skilled nursing care. When nursing care for sick children teamwork is essential . A child with acute renal failure , always requires hospitalization in intensive care.The thesis is divided into a theoretical and an empirical part . In the theoretical part , attention is paid to the current issue of treating a child with acute renal failure. The work also includes anatomy and physiology of the kidney , and nephrologic basic concepts. Attention is also pays attention to the methods of investigation , communication with patients and nursing diagnoses . There acquaintance with elimination methods and nursing care for the child , unless they use the elimination method .

The first part of the present dissertation shows mechanisms of keeping of body temperature in an optimum range as well as it divides and evaluates range of body temperature. My dissertation also deals with the ways of measurement of body temperature, methods of measurement and tools which are neccessary for measurement of body temperature. Another part presents characteristics of aneshtesia its division, ways of application and tools which are used for total anesthesia. It is also described an observation of body temperature during total anesthesia, negative consequences of hypothermia, regulations of body temperature during total anesthesia and prevention and treatment of hypothermia. There are descriptions of targets and hypothesis in the second part. There were made five hypothesis. The third part shows methods of collecting data itself. They are results of stucture observation of changes of body temperature of patiens in total anesthesia during surgery.The fourth part are charts and graphs showing results of measurements of body temperature of our patients in total anesthesia as well as results of the questionnaires based on answers from asked nurses. There are particular hypothesis and their results in discussion part. Hypothesis H1 was proved. Hyphothesis H2 is not possible to be disproved. Hyphothesis H3 was not proved. Hyphothesis H4 was proved and hyphotesis H5 was proved. We can deduce from the results that active use of tools for keeping body temperature in a physiological range can prevent decrease of body temperature. It is clear from the questionnaires that nurses are aware of complications connected to hypothermia. They actively use tools for keeping body temperature in physiological range. There is a summary in the conclusion of the dessertation whether all estimated targets were accomplished. As a result of the dissertation we can assume that using of tools for keeping body temperature of total anasthesia patients should be a standard. There should be also a standard to measure body temperature during an operation in total anasthesia itself.