Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1987.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1979.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1979.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1981.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1987.

<p>Anorexia nervosa är en psykisk sjukdom som kännetecknas av en rädsla för att gå upp i vikt eller att bli tjock. Denna sjukdom gör att hela familjen involveras och kan känna hopplöshet. Genom sjuksköterskans kunskaper i medicinsk vetenskap och psykiatrisk omvårdnad och ett professionellt bemötande kan sjuksköterskan underlätta i familjens situation. Syftet med studien är att belysa hur familjen upplever situationen när en familjemedlem har anorexia nervosa. Metoden i detta arbete är en litteraturstudie baserad på tio vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultatet visar fyra teman. Dessa teman är bristande delaktighet i omvårdnaden, familjelivet fokuserar sjukdomen, föräldrar emotionellt pressade och syskonrelationen förändras. I den här studien har det framkommit att anhöriga kände att de var bortkopplade i omvårdnaden och hade negativ inställning till omvårdnadspersonalen. Det är av stor vikt att anhöriga och omvårdnadspersonalen samarbetar med varandra vilket framkom i resultatet. Vår slutsats är att omvårdnadspersonalen behöver mer kunskap och utbildning om anorexia nervosa. Vår förhoppning är att denna studie ska ge sjuksköterskan mer inblick i familjesituationen kring sjukdomen anorexia nervosa så att sjuksköterskans omvårdnad kan underlätta för dem.</p> / <p>Anorexia nervosa is a mental disorder characterized by a fear of gaining weight or become fat. This disease involves the whole family that also feels a lack of hope. By nurses’ knowledge in medicine and mental nursing care and trough a professional behaviour the nurses can ease their situation. Our aim was to describe how the family’s experiences the situation when a family member has anorexia nervosa. The method in this consists of a literature review. The result shows four themes. These themes were lack of participation in nursing care, the family life focus on the illness, parent’s emotional strain and sibling’s relationship change. In this study it’s been found that relatives felt a distance to the nursing care and had a negative attitude towards the nursing staff. It’s by great importance that the relatives and the nursing staff cooperate which is shown in the result. Our conclusion is that the nursing staffs need more knowledge and education about anorexia nervosa. Our hope is that this study will give the nursing care more insight to the situation around anorexia nervosa so it could ease for the relatives.</p>

Bakgrund: Patientlag, SFS 2014:821, infördes den 1 januari, 2015, i syfte att tydliggöra och stärka patientens ställning samt främja patientens integritet, självbestämmande och delaktighet inom hälso- och sjukvård. Vårdgivarens informationsplikt utökades och förtydligades gentemot patienten, vilket innebär att informationen ska vara av en kvalitet som optimerar patientens förutsättningar att utöva sitt självbestämmande och vara delaktig i sin egen vård. Syfte: Att undersöka huruvida kapitel tre och fem i patientlag, SFS 2014:821, följs och tillämpas i den kliniska verksamheten med syfte att främja patientens delaktighet och självbestämmande. Metod: Sex patienter rekryterades från en toraxkirurgisk avdelning på ett universitetssjukhus i Sverige. Intervjudeltagarna var elektiva, thoraxkirurgiska patienter vars ingrepp utfördes med extrakorporeal cirkulation. Ett bekvämlighetsurval gjordes där urvalsgruppen innefattade en kvinna och fem män. Intervjuerna genomfördes kvalitativt och semistrukturerat, på kirurgavdelningen, 1-2 dagar innan utskrivning. Data analyserades genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys, enligt Hällberg-Graneheim och Lundman (2004). Resultat: Vårdgivaren tillger information på ett överskådligt, respektfullt och hänsynstagande sätt i syfte att främja patientdelaktiget, integritet och autonomi. Även uppföljningar i informationsflödet görs för att minska risken för missförstånd. Majoriteten deltagare är tillfredsställda med informationen de fått i samband med vårdtillfället. Deltagarna har upplevt minskad oro och ökad trygghet till följd av god information. Avdelningen anses följa patientlagens föreskrifter i detta avseende. Slutsats: Patientlag, (2014:821), följs och tillämpas på kirurgavdelningen där studien utförts. Det påvisas starkt från insamlad data att vårdpersonalen aktivt arbetar med att involvera patienter i vården. Detta genom att hålla patienten välinformerad och bjuda in till delaktighet. / Background: The patient law, SFS 2014:821, was introduced in January the 1st of 2015, which has been developed to clarify and strengthen the position of patients and promote patient integrity, self-determination and participation in medical healthcare. The caregivers’ duty of giving information to the patients was clarified due to the introduction of the law. This means that the quality of the information should optimize the patient's ability to be self-determinated and involved in their care. Aim: To investigate whether chapter three and five in the patient law, SFS 2014:821, is followed and applied in the clinical practice with aim to promote patient involvement and self-determination. Method: Six patients were recruited from a thorax surgery ward at university hospital in Sweden. The participants were elective, thoracic surgical patients whose procedures were performed with extracorporeal circulation. A convenience sample was made where as the sample group included one woman and five men. The interviews were conducted qualitatively and semi- structured, on the surgical ward, 1-2 days before discharge. Data were analyzed by qualitative content analysis according to Hällberg-Graneheim &amp; Lundman (2004). Findings: The caregiver provides information in a clear, respectful and considerate manner in purpose to promote patient participation, integrity and autonomy. Follow-ups were made to reduce the risk of misunderstandings. The majority of participants were satisfied with the information that was given during their care. They experienced reduced anxiety and increased sense of security due to good quality of information. The ward seems to follow regulations in regard to the new patient law. Conclusion: The patient law is followed in the surgical ward where the study was conducted. The collected data strongly indicated that the health staff was actively working to promote patients involvement in their health care. This by keeping the patient well informed and continuously invites patients to participate.

Bakgrund: Fysisk aktivitet har visat sig främja hälsa och minska risken för högt blodtryck, stroke, hjärt-kärlsjukdom, depression samt minska risken att insjukna, återinsjukna och förbättra återhämtningen från cytostatikabehandling vid bröst- eller coloncancer. Sambandet mellan psykisk sjukdom och fysisk aktivitet är mindre utforskat jämfört med sambandet mellan till exempel fysisk aktivitet och cancer.   Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att utforska hälsoeffekter av fysisk aktivitet hos människor med bipolärt syndrom.   Metod: Litteraturstudie baserad på nio inkluderade studier. Studier har sökts fram från databaserna PubMed och CINAHL.   Resultat: Fysisk aktivitet har goda hälsoeffekter som kan främja hälsan och parera sekundära effekter och sjukdomar som kan kopplas samman med bipolärt syndrom. Fysisk aktivitet bidra till en minskad stressnivå, minskad risk för diabetes typ 2 och hjärt-kärlsjukdomar. Fysisk aktivitet minskar också risken för samsjuklighet och lindrar bieffekter av psykofarmaka så som till exempel viktuppgång. Bipolärt syndrom kan medföra att träningsfrekvensen och träningsintensiteten variera beroende på sinnesstämning. Depressiva perioder karaktäriseras med minskad träningsfrekvens och intensitet medan maniska perioder kan ha ökad träningsfrekvens och intensitet.   Slutsats: Fysisk aktivitet och dess positiva hälsoeffekter kan på sikt minska risken för samsjuklighet och sekundära sjukdomstillstånd vid bipolärt syndrom. Motivering och implementering av fysisk aktivitet kan förbättra omvårdnaden och behandlingsalternativen hos personer med bipolärt syndrom. / Background: Physical activity has through modern research been shown to benefit the physical health for people and in turn reduce the risk for high blood pressure, reduce the risk to suffer from a stroke, cardiovascular disease and depression together with reducing the risk to be diagnosed with, reduce relapse risk and to improve the rate of recovery after chemotherapy from cancers such as breast or colon cancer. The relation between mental health and physical activity is less scientifically explored than similar areas of research such as the relation between physical activity and cancer.   Aim: The aim of this systematic review is to explore the beneficial effects physical activity might bring to people with bipolar disorder   Method: A systematic review including nine quantitative studies has been performed. The articles have been found through databases such as PubMed and CINAHL.   Results: Physical activity has been found to give health benefits for the conditions bipolar disorder might bring. Through physical activity the levels of stress are reduced, the risk for diabetes type 2 and cardiovascular disease are reduced. Physical activity also reduces the risk for comorbidity and will lessen the side effects psychotropic drugs bring such as weight gain. Bipolar disorder can reduce the ability to perform physical exercise depending on the current mood state. A depressive episode tends to cause in less physical activity, while a manic episode instead can cause increased physical activity and exercise intensity.   Conclusion: Physical activity and its positive health benefits can in the long run reduce the risk of comorbidity and secondary illnesses bipolar disorder might bring. With motivation and implementation of physical activity, the nursing care might improve and new alternative treatments for persons with bipolar disorder may arise.

Este estudo objetivou compreender a vivência e a sexualidade dos adolescentes que (con)vivem com HIV e indicar possibilidades para as práticas de cuidado realizados pelos enfermeiros. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa, com aproximação na hermenêutica dialética. Foram estudados 20 adolescentes com HIV atendidos em um Hospital Universitário do Rio de Janeiro. Foi utilizada como técnica de coleta de dados entrevistas semi-estruturadas e dois instrumentos de coleta: um questionário de caracterização dos sujeitos e um roteiro temático que guiou as entrevistas. As entrevistas foram gravadas e os conteúdos transcritos e analisados conforme a técnica de análise de conteúdo temática. O resultado evidenciou que o significado da saúde para os sujeitos, numa análise geral, está associado à qualidade de vida e necessidade de manutenção de hábitos saudáveis. Sobre o HIV, destacou-se o desconhecimento sobre o vírus e os modos de transmissão. A vivência com o HIV é marcada predominantemente por sentimentos negativos como medo e sofrimento relacionados com preconceito, estigma e discriminação. Os adolescentes associam a sexualidade ao ato sexual ou orientação sexual. A sexualidade para os adolescentes que adquiriram o vírus através da transmissão sexual também está relacionada às dificuldades com a mesma após a descoberta. Já os adolescentes contaminados por transmissão vertical tiveram como elementos mais presentes a aceitação e conformação da doença. Observar-se a falta de percepção dos adolescentes em relação às práticas de cuidados realizadas pelos enfermeiros, direcionados para minimizar suas necessidades Conclui-se, então, as técnicas de análise utilizadas foram pertinentes, pois permitiram identificar as vivências e os sentidos da sexualidade dos adolescentes que (con)vivem com HIV e a importância das práticas de cuidados de enfermeiros. Este estudo servirá para reflexão crítica para profissionais de saúde, principalmente, enfermeiros, através da identificação e percepção das demandas dos adolescentes com HIV para desenvolver estratégias visando as peculiaridades e necessidades destes adolescentes. / This study aimed at understanding the experience of adolescents sexuality that live with HIV and indicate possibilities for the practices of care performed by nurses. It is a descriptive study with qualitative approach, with the hermeneutic dialectic approach. We studied 20 adolescents with HIV treated at a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Was used as a technique for data collection semi-structured interviews and two data collection instruments: a characterization questionnaire of subjects and a thematic guide who guided the interviews. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and content analyzed according to the technique of thematic content analysis. The result showed that the meaning of health for the subjects in a general analysis, is associated with quality of life and need of the healthy maintainence habits. About HIV, highlighted the ignorance about the virus and transmission modes. Living with HIV is predominantly marked by negative feelings such as fear and suffering related to prejudice, stigma and discrimination. Teenagers sexuality is associate to sexual act or sexual orientation. Sexuality for teens who acquired the virus through sexual transmission is also related to difficulties with the same after the discovery. Adolescents infected through vertical transmission are more used to the acceptance of the disease. We observe the lack of perception of adolescents in relation to the practices of care performed by nurses, targeted to minimize their needs. We conclude that the analysis techniques used were appropriate, since it identifies the experiences and the meanings of adolescent sexuality that live with HIV and the importance of caring practices of nurses. This study will serve to critical reflection of health professionals, especially nurses, through the identification and perceived demands of adolescents with HIV to develop strategies to address the peculiarities and needs of adolescents.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo geral, compreender as práticas desenvolvidas no cuidado realizado por enfermeiros nos Programas Nacionais de Saúde em uma unidade da rede básica de saúde no município do Rio de Janeiro. Este estudo corresponde ao desdobramento do projeto Práticas de cuidado no SUS: o papel do enfermeiro na Atenção Básica, apoiado por bolsa de produtividade em pesquisa da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ/ Prociência). A presente dissertação trata-se de um estudo de caso realizado no âmbito da Atenção Básica, e, possui como cenário o Centro Municipal de Saúde (CMS) Milton Fontes Magarão. Os sujeitos da pesquisa corresponderam a oito enfermeiros, sendo sete entrevistas e um depoimento. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados utilizados, durante o período de julho a setembro de 2011, foram: observação sistemática, entrevista semi-estruturada, depoimento, formulário e pesquisa em fontes documentais. Para a avaliação dos resultados utilizou-se a técnica de análise temática, proposta por Minayo. No plano metodológico a análise foi qualitativa, no entanto, no tratamento dos dados, a análise aplicada se apropriou de elementos da abordagem quantitativa, com o objetivo de encontrar os núcleos de sentido contextualizados nas entrevistas. A partir dos resultados alcançados foi possível elaborar três categorias. A primeira categoria focou uma abordagem temática sobre as práticas desenvolvidas no cuidado realizado por enfermeiros nos Programas Nacionais. A segunda categoria buscou descrever a visão do enfermeiro sobre o desenvolvimento de suas práticas e do cuidado realizado, no qual, foram discutidas duas temáticas centrais: noções acerca das atividades realizadas pelos enfermeiros e noções dos enfermeiros acerca dos princípios e diretrizes para atenção à saúde. A terceira categoria direcionou-se para os fatores que interferem nas práticas e no cuidado realizado pelos enfermeiros. A prática e o cuidado realizados pelos enfermeiros foram analisados e discutidos, a partir dos relatos dos profissionais sobre suas vivências. Sendo assim, não coube a expressão de uma única forma de prática ou de uma única dimensão do cuidado, visto que essas práticas parecem estar entrelaçadas a diversos aspectos subjetivos, epistemológicos, culturais e sócio-econômicos. As práticas realizadas, independente do Programa Nacional de atuação dos enfermeiros, estão voltadas principalmente para a consulta de enfermagem, a prática educativa, a organização do fluxo de entrada, o sistema de referência e a visita domiciliar. Pôde-se inferir que diversos são os fatores que influenciam, de forma positiva ou negativa, o desenvolvimento das atividades diárias. Por fim, cabe ressaltar a necessidade de novos estudos sobre a temática a fim de estimular a construção de saberes teórico-práticos e a formulação de uma visão crítica sobre o cuidado profissional realizado pelo enfermeiro no âmbito da Atenção Básica. / This research has as a general goal to understand the practices developed in care performed by nurses in Health National Programs at a Basic Health Care unit in Rio de Janeiro city. This study corresponds to the unfolding of the project named Practices of care at SUS: the role of the nurse on Health Care, supported by research productivity grants from University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ/ Prosciences). The current dissertation is a case study performed at the scope of Health care, and the site is the Municipal Health Center (MHC) Milton Fontes Magarão. The research subjects were eight nurses, providing seven interviews and one testimony. Data sample tools used, during the period from July to September, 2011, were: systematic observation, semi-structured interview, testimony, form and research at documental sources. To the assessment of results the theme analysis technique was used, proposed by Minayo. Methodologically, the analysis was qualitative, however, in treatment of data, the analysis applied used elements from quantitative approach, in which the objective was to find meaning cores contextualized in the interviews. From the results achieved it was possible to elaborate three categories. First category focus was on the thematic approach about the practices which have been developed by nurses at National Programs. The second one aimed at describing the nurses view on the development of their practices as well as the care performed, in which, two core themes were discussed: notions about activities performed by nurses and their notions about principles and guidelines to basic Health Care. The third category was directed to factors that interfere on the practice and the care performed by nurses. Practice and care were analysed and discussed from the professionals reports about their life experiences. Thus, it was not suitable to structure a single form of practice or single care dimension, once such practices seem overlapped to diverse subjective, epistemological, cultural and socio-economic factors. Nurses performance practices, apart from the National Program are turned mainly to the nursing consultation, educational practice, organization of input, reference system and home visit. It can be inferred that a lot of factors influence - positively or negatively - on the development of daily activities. Finally, it is important to highlight the need of new studies on the subject in order to stimulate theoretical-practical knowledge and the formulation of a critical thinking about professional care from the nurse at the scope of basic Health Care.