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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
471

Prevence nozokomiálních infekcí u centrálních venózních katétrů na standardních a intenzivních odděleních / The prevention of nosocomial infections at central venous catheters in standard inpatient departments and intensive care units.

PAŽOUTOVÁ, Petra January 2014 (has links)
Nosocomial infections are one of serious problems of modern medicine and nursing also nosocomial infections mean real serious problems for future. Prevention of nosocomial infections, applied together with pointed and meaningful antimicrobial therapy is the only causal solution now. This work was aimed primarily at a comparison of knowledge of common nurses working in intensive care wards and common nurses in standard wards. In general, it could be said that the aim of this work was to map the scope of knowledge of common nurses as for nosocomial infections as well as aseptic care for central venous catheters including catheter sepses. The found deficit in knowledge of common nurses pointed out the occurrence of mistakes in nursing practices. Quality of nursing is connected closely with standardisation of nursing procedures. Quantitative research inquiry was realised in 4 medical facilities: Regional hospital Liberec, a.s., Masaryk city hospital in Jilemnice, Hospital České Budějovice, a.s. and Hospital with polyclinic in Semily. As the research method there was chosen a non-standardised questionnaire. The sample of respondents was chosen as an intentional selectionand and in to statistic processing included 290 relevantly filled out forms. The research investigation also included a comparison and quantification of nursing standards. In view of the performed comparison of standards in nursing we concluded that creation of incomplete or even inconsistent standards occurs here. We have prepared a "Proposal on a standard of nursing care for inserted venous catheter", of which form could enable to implement it in medical care facilities within the Czech Republic and define clearly basic nursing procedures within the scope of these problems.
472

Role sestry v péči o dětského pacienta s hemangiomem. / The role of nurse in the care of child patient with hemangiom.

ŠESTÁKOVÁ, Růžena January 2014 (has links)
One of the most important areas of society-wide tasks influencing the health of the whole population is child care. It includes care of children with a hemangioma. Hemangiomas are the most common benign (not malignant) vascular tumours of a child age. This benign tumour may be present as early as at birth or appear in the first weeks of life. It is usually located on or under the skin surface but may also affect internal organs. Although a hemangioma may affect any body part, it is mostly located on the head and neck. A hemangioma is diagnosed in a tenth of new-born children. Hemangiomas typically appear at neonatal age or infancy. The objectives of the diploma thesis "Nurse's Roles in Care of a Child Patient with a Hemangioma" are to examine the roles of nurses in care of a child patient with a hemangioma, as seen by parents (mothers) of the children, and to identify which of the roles is the most important for the parents (mothers). It has also been ascertained whether nurses deal with any problems while providing this care and whether occurrence of a hemangioma in a child has any influence on the child's family. It has also been ascertained whether any complications are encountered in the treatment of children with a hemangioma. A qualitative research was used for data processing. Several methods of data collection were used. The researcher used a case history according to the model of Virginia Henderson, semi-structured interview with mothers of patients, data content analysis and secret participant observation during outpatient checks. The last method used was a survey aimed at nurses who took care of children with a hemangioma, asking them whether they dealt with any problems and complications in such children. The first research set consisted of ten child patients who were selected on purpose on the basis of pre-set criteria. The first criterion was presence of a hemangioma; five patients were hospitalised with a hemangioma and underwent a treatment with propranolol, while the other five patients with a hemangioma underwent only a conservative treatment. Last but the most important criterion was that mothers of patients with a hemangioma granted their consent to the research. These mothers formed the second research set and underwent a semi-structured interview focused on their personal experience with a hemangioma and on the work of nurses as seen by mothers. The last research set consisted of ten nurses who were also selected on purpose on the basis of a very important criterion, which was care of child patients with a hemangioma. This thesis may be of a benefit not only for professionals who are in contact with children with a hemangioma but may also serve to deepen general knowledge of other healthcare professionals who may encounter this disease either in their professional or private life. Based on the information acquired for the diploma thesis, was prepared for nurses and will be presented at professional workshops.
473

Specifika ošetřovatelské péče u příslušníků Scientologické církve. / Specific features of nursing care provided to members of the Church of Scientology.

MATOUŠKOVÁ, Eva January 2014 (has links)
The Church of Scientology was officially registered in Los Angeles in 1954. It is present in more than 150 countries of the world, and is professed by over 8 million people. The founder of the movement is the American author of science fiction and fiction, Laffayete Ron Hubbard, who conducted research in the sphere of the human spirit, summarised in his books "Dianetics". Later on, he focused his research on spiritual beings and their abilities. This gave rise to an applicable religious philosophy - Scientology. It has not been possible to register the Church of Scientology officially in the Czech Republic so far, and therefore it acts as the civil association of "Dianetické centrum" (the Dianetic Centre). The number of its members and sympathisers in this country is not very high, reaching approximately 800 persons. Still, it is important for us to know the differences of this minority, to be able to provide its members with nursing care corresponding to their specific needs. This subject is dealt with by the multi-cultural nursing care studying cultures and religions from the point of view of nursing practice. In connection with globalisation, this subject becomes even more topical. The national, cultural and ethnic structure of the population undergoes gradual changes and the number of foreigners legally residing in the territory of the Czech Republic keeps growing. For this reason, it is important even for nurses to be prepared and have at least the minimum knowledge of multi-cultural / trans-cultural nursing care that will enable them to provide adequate nursing care respecting the specifics in question. The objective of my thesis is to get to know the specific features of nursing care provided to members of the Church of Scientology and to establish the specific features of their life style. To meet the objectives, I set five research questions. Research question 1: Do members of the Church of Scientology have specific needs when they are being provided nursing care? Research question 2: What is the attitude of members of the Church of Scientology to the health care provided in the Czech Republic? Research question 3: Do members of the Church of Scientology have specific spiritual needs? Research question 4: What attitude do members of the Church of Scientology have towards their health? Research question 5: Do members of the Church of Scientology have a specific life style? To collect data for fulfilling my research objectives and obtaining answers to the research questions, I applied the method of qualitative research. To conduct the qualitative research I used the technique of a semi-structured interview with the members of the Church of Scientology attending the Dianetic Centre in Prague. The interview contained altogether 46 questions divided into four areas, and the participants were four men and four women of different ages and different lengths of being members of the Church. The qualitative examination established the main and most distinct specific feature in providing nursing care to members of the Church of Scientology, which is maintaining silence at the time when human mind is weakened. Further, the research showed that scientologists respect physicians and do not exclude them in cases of accidents or danger of life. They normally undergo preventive examinations and do not object to being vaccinated provided that they are supplied with sufficient information. The only exception is psychiatry. Being provided with assists constitutes the only spiritual need, and the Church of Scientology has no specifics in terms of diet. This thesis may be used as a study material for general nurses and students of nursing studies, to expand knowledge in the field of multi-cultural / trans-cultural nursing care, which will facilitate providing culture-specific nursing care to members of this religious minority.
474

As vivências de mulheres no cuidado materno / How women experience maternal care

Diva Thereza dos Santos Pilotto 12 March 2009 (has links)
Estudo exploratório e descritivo com abordagem qualitativa que teve como objeto as vivências de mulheres acerca do cuidado materno no espaço do Alojamento Conjunto. Teve como objetivos: descrever as vivências da mulher em relação ao cuidado materno no espaço do Alojamento Conjunto, e analisar o Alojamento Conjunto como espaço de cuidado. O estudo baseou-se nos conceitos winnicottianos de holding handling e object-presenting que implicam ser a mulher mãe suficientemente boa para cuidar de seu filho mesmo que no cenário hospitalar. A pesquisa foi realizada em três maternidades públicas, situadas no município de Niterói no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. O grupo de informantes constituiu-se de 18 mulheres-mães, maiores de 18 anos, que estiveram internadas nos setores de Alojamento Conjunto das referidas maternidades no primeiro semestre de 2008. Os dados foram obtidos através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, segundo roteiro pré-estabelecido, realizadas nos domicílios e em datas determinadas, por escolha das mulheres. Para tratamento dos dados foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin (2004). A análise dos depoimentos propiciou a identificação de três categorias: descobrindo o holding (sustentação) materno; identificando o handling (manejo) materno na vivência das mulheres e conhecendo o object- presenting. Evidenciou-se que, embora as mulheres se mostrassem disponíveis para o cuidado materno como mães suficientemente boas, o ambiente do Alojamento Conjunto não se mostrou favorável para propiciar este cuidado. As mulheres sentiam-se abandonadas neste espaço de cuidados, não obtendo ajuda efetiva (apoio e cuidados) por parte dos profissionais que lá atuavam condição fundamental para o cuidado materno. Além disso, a ausência do acompanhante em algumas destas maternidades, deixava as mulheres ainda mais sozinhas no cuidar de seus filhos. / This exploratory, descriptive and qualitative study aimed (1) to assess how mothers considered providing their maternal care in a rooming-in environment and (2) to explore the rooming-in itself as a place of care. This study was based on the winnicottian concepts of holding, handling, and object-presenting that imply that a mother is a good-enough mother even in the hospital scenery. The study group was composed of 18 mothers above 18 years-old, admitted in rooming-in sectors in three public maternity hospitals in the Niterói and Rio de Janeiro municipalities in the first semester of 2008. Data were gathered through domiciliary semi-structured interviews, pre-scheduled on days chosen by the mothers themselves. The raw data were treated according to the content analysis proposed by Bardin (2004). Analysis of the mothers accounts allowed us to identify three categories of perceptions: finding the maternal holding; identifying the maternal handling in the women whole experience; and knowing the object-presenting. It was shown that, although the mothers committed themselves to the maternal care as good-enough mothers, the rooming-in environment did not encourage this kind of care. Women felt deserted in that place of care, and were unable to get effective help (support, care, key factors for maternal care) from professionals working there. In addition, the interdiction of escorts from family in some hospitals left the women even more solitary in the caring for their babies.
475

Modos de pensar e de fazer: o cuidado de enfermagem à pessoa com HIV/Aids representado pela equipe de enfermagem / Ways of thinking and doing: the nursing care to people with HIV / AIDS represented by the nursing staff

Raquel Soares Freitas 18 February 2014 (has links)
Este estudo propõe uma reflexão acerca do cuidado de enfermagem e suas práticas voltadas à pessoa com HIV/Aids desenvolvido por profissionais da equipe de enfermagem. O objetivo geral foi analisar as representações sociais e as práticas de cuidado de enfermagem a pessoa com HIV/Aids para a equipe de enfermagem que atua no Programa de DST/Aids no Município do Rio de Janeiro. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, fundamentada na Teoria das Representações Sociais. Quanto à metodologia este estudo foi desenvolvido com 16 unidades de saúde inseridas no Programa Nacional de DST-Aids do Ministério da Saúde, que prestam assistência a pessoas que vivem com HIV/Aids em nível ambulatorial. Participaram desse estudo 37 profissionais, sendo 20 enfermeiros e 17 técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevista semiestruturada, tendo sido analisadas através da utilização do software ALCESTE 4.10; e questionário de identificação sócio-profissional, cuja análise de dados foi realizada com estatística descritiva. A partir da análise ALCESTE foram definidas 7 classes, divididas em dois blocos temáticos, sendo o primeiro denominado O HIV/Aids e seus impactos sociais através do olhar da equipe de enfermagem. Este bloco abarcou 3 classes, sendo elas: Preconceito e vulnerabilidade no cotidiano do cuidado de enfermagem de pessoas atingidas pelo HIV/Aids (classe1); As relações familiares e o envolvimento com o HIV/Aids (classe 4) e Memórias sócio profissionais sobre o HIV/Aids (classe 7). O segundo bloco temático denomina-se O HIV/Aids e as práticas de cuidado, e abarca 4 classes da análise, denominadas: A complexidade do atendimento ambulatorial da pessoa com HIV/Aids (classe 2); As práticas de cuidado da equipe de enfermagem e da equipe multiprofissional (classe 3); A educação em saúde como prática do cuidado de enfermagem (classe 5) e Medidas de proteção e biossegurança dos profissionais de enfermagem (classe 6). No primeiro bloco observa-se as representações da doença, os estigmas enfrentados pela pessoa com HIV/Aids, as relações com familiares e profissionais de saúde e as memórias da equipe de enfermagem com relação a doença. Observa-se que mesmo após ter havido mudanças no perfil da doença, as marcas do passado ainda se fazem presentes no cotidiano desses sujeitos, o que se reflete no cuidado de enfermagem, nas relações familiares e na vida em sociedade. O segundo bloco descreve as práticas institucionais e profissionais de cuidado à pessoa com HIV/Aids, observando-se o destaque da autoproteção no cuidado de enfermagem aos sujeitos com HIV/Aids. Também são destacados elementos como o cuidado do outro, tais como o vínculo, a postura acolhedora, o apoio psicológico e o relacionamento interpessoal, que são modalidades reconhecidas como participantes das práticas de cuidado, assim como a educação em saúde. Conclui-se que os diversos conteúdos que compõem as representações sociais e as práticas de cuidado de enfermagem a pessoa com HIV/Aids se apresentam sentimentos, práticas, atitudes, memórias, conceitos e imagens atuais e antigas, com a presença do cuidado instrumental, mas também do cuidado relacional. / This study proposes a reflection on nursing care and its practices aimed at people living with HIV / AIDS and it was developed by a professional nursing team. The defined general objective was to analyze the social representations and practices of nursing care for people with HIV / AIDS regarding the nursing team that acts on STD / AIDS in the city of Rio de Janeiro. This is a qualitative research, based on the Theory of Social Representations. Regarding the methodology, this study was developed from of 16 health units of the National STD and AIDS Programme of the Ministry of Health, which provide direct care to people living with HIV / AIDS on an outpatient basis. Thirty seven professionals participated in this study, 20 nurses and 17 technicians and nursing assistants. Data were collected using of semi-structured interviews, and they were analyzed by using the software ALCESTE 4:10, and the implementation of socio-professional identification questionnaire, which data analysis was performed using descriptive statistical analysis. From the ALCESTE analyses, seven classes divided into two thematic blocs were defined, the first one called "HIV / AIDS and its social impacts through the perspective of the nursing staff." This bloc encompassed three classes, namely: Prejudice and vulnerability in daily nursing care for people affected by HIV / AIDS (class1); Family relationships and involvement with HIV / AIDS (Class 4) and Socioprofessional Memories on HIV / AIDS (class 7). The second thematic bloc is called "HIV / AIDS and care practices," and it includes 4 classes resulting from the analysis, namely: The complexity of ambulatory care of persons with HIV / AIDS (class 2); Care practices of nursing staff and multidisciplinary team (class 3); Health education as a practice of nursing care (class 5) and Protection and biosecurity measures of nursing professionals (class 6). In the first thematic group there are the representations of the disease, the stigma faced by people living with HIV / AIDS, the relationships with family members and health professionals and the memories of the nursing staff regarding the disease. It is observed that even after the occurrence of changes in the profile of the disease, the marks of the past are still present in the daily lives of these subjects, which is reflected in nursing care, family relations and in life in society. The second thematic bloc describes the institutional and professional care practices to people with HIV / AIDS, observing the highlight of self-protection in nursing care to individuals living with HIV / AIDS. Despite this approach, there is also the highlight of elements that relate to the care of others, such as the bond, the welcoming attitude, psychological support and interpersonal relationships, which are modalities recognized as participant of care practices, as well as health education. It is concluded that the various contents that compose the social representations and practices of nursing care for people with HIV / AIDS present feelings, practices, attitudes, memories, concepts and current and old images, with the presence of instrumental care, as well as relational care.
476

Segurança do paciente na utilização de heparina sódica intravenosa: cuidados de enfermagem baseados na análise dos fatores de risco para eventos hemorrágicos / Safety in the use of intravenous heparin: nursing care based on the analysis of risk factors for bleeding events

Flavia Giron Camerini 20 October 2014 (has links)
O objeto deste estudo são os eventos hemorrágicos em pacientes críticos que utilizam infusão contínua de heparina sódica. Tem como objetivo geral propor cuidados de enfermagem para pacientes que recebem infusão contínua de heparina, a fim de aumentar a segurança do paciente e reduzir a ocorrência de hemorragia, com base nos fatores de risco. Esta pesquisa procura contribuir com a farmacovigilância da heparina e com a qualidade da assistência de enfermagem. Trata-se de um estudo de coorte retrospectivo, com análise em prontuário, desenvolvido em unidade intensiva e semi-intensiva de um hospital público do Rio de Janeiro. Foram investigados 867 prontuários de 2010 a 2011, encontrando-se uma população de 79 pacientes que fizeram uso de heparina sódica em infusão contínua. As variáveis do estudo foram submetidas a tratamentos estatísticos não paramétricos e a medidas de associação. Os resultados apontam entre os pacientes três diagnósticos: fibrilação atrial, trombose venosa profunda e síndrome coronariana; percebe-se ainda predomínio do sexo feminino (58,23%) e de idosos (md=65 anos). A taxa de eventos hemorrágicos foi de 21,52% e se mostrou mais elevada quando comparada a outros estudos. Evidencia-se que pacientes com TTPa maior do que 100s tem um risco 9,29 vezes maior de apresentar eventos hemorrágicos. Todos os fatores de risco idade maior do que sessenta anos, hipertensão arterial sistêmica, TTPa maior do que 100s, uso prévio de anticoagulante e insuficiência renal apresentam associação positiva com a presença de evento hemorrágico. Entre os pacientes com eventos hemorrágicos, 94,16% apresentam um ou mais fatores de risco para sangramento. Os eventos hemorrágicos foram identificados na pele (47,37%), em sítio de punção, nas vias aéreas, no sistema geniturinário (15,79%) e no sistema gastrointestinal (10,53%). A maioria (55%) dos eventos hemorrágicos foi classificada com tipo 2 de BARC. Na associação entre o dispositivo invasivo utilizado e o tipo de sangramento, 100% dos pacientes com sangramento de via aérea ou do sistema gastrointestinal utilizavam sonda nasoentérica. Paciente com cateter vesical de demora (CVD) tem sete vezes mais risco de hematúria quando comparados com pacientes sem CVD; já pacientes com acesso venoso periférico tem menos risco de sangramento de sítio de punção quando comparados ao pacientes com acesso venoso central (RR= 0,74; 1,29). Essas associações norteiam a assistência de enfermagem e sugerem que o enfermeiro seja cauteloso ao realizar esses procedimentos nos pacientes com heparina sódica. Frente às variações no TTPa dosado, analisou-se o seguimento do protocolo e detectou-se que, nos pacientes com eventos hemorrágicos, a taxa de erro no ajuste da infusão foi maior (76,24%) quando comparada com os pacientes sem eventos hemorrágicos (39,05%). Ao se associar a taxa de erro da infusão com a presença de evento hemorrágico, evidencia-se que, quando a heparina não é ajustada segundo o protocolo, aumenta-se em 3,3 vezes o risco de evento hemorrágico. Portanto, para garantir o uso seguro na infusão de heparina, descrevem-se alguns cuidados específicos de enfermagem baseados nos fatores de risco e na indicação clínica de cada paciente. / The objective of this study are hemorrhagic events in critical patients using continuous infusion of sodium heparin. It aims to propose general nursing care for patients who receive continuous infusion of heparin, in order to increase patient safety and reduce the occurrence of bleeding, based on risk factors. This research seeks to contribute to the pharmacovigilance of heparin and with the quality of nursing care. It is a retrospective cohort study, with chart analysis, developed in intensive and semi-intensive unit of a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro. 867 records of 2010 to 2011 were investigated and a population of 79 patients who made use of sodium heparin in continuous infusion were found. Study variables were subjected to nonparametric statistical treatments and measures of association. The results among patients show three diagnoses: atrial fibrillation, deep vein thrombosis and coronary syndrome; it is also observed female predominance (58.23%) and elderly (average = 65 years old). The rate of hemorrhagic events was 21.52% and was higher when compared to other studies. It was evidenced that patients with APTT (Activated partial thromboplastin time) greater than 100s has a risk of 9.29 times bigger to hemorrhagic events. All risk factors age greater than 60 years old, hypertension, APTT greater than 100s, previous use of anticoagulant and renal insufficiency present positive association with the presence of hemorrhagic event. Among patients with hemorrhagic events, 94.16% have one or more risk factors for bleeding. Bleeding events were identified in skin (47.37%) in puncture site, in the airways, the genitourinary system (15.79%) and in the gastrointestinal system (10.53%). Most of them (55%) of hemorrhagic events was classified with 2 type of BARC. In the association between the invasive device used and the type of bleeding, 100% of patients with bleeding of airways or of the gastrointestinal system using nasoenteric probe. Patient with bladder catheter indwelling (CVD) has seven times more risk of hematuria when compared with patients without CVD; patients with peripheral venous access already has less risk of bleeding from the puncture site when compared to patients with central venous access (RR = 0.74; 1.29). These associations guide nursing care and suggest the nurse to be cautious when performing these procedures in patients with sodium heparin. In variations in dosed APTT, the follow-up Protocol was analyzed and detected that, in patients with hemorrhagic events, the error rate in adjusting the infusion was larger (76.24%) when compared to patients without hemorrhagic events (39.05%). When associating the error rate of infusion with the presence of hemorrhagic event, it shows that when heparin is not adjusted according to the Protocol, increased 3.3 times the risk of hemorrhagic event. Therefore, to ensure safe use on heparin infusion, some specific nursing cares are decribed based on risk factors and on clinical indication of each patient.
477

Evidências do cuidado de enfermagem para o conforto/bem-estar dos clientes com dermatoses imunobolhosas: ensaio clínico / Evidences of nursing care for the comfort/well-beingof clients with immunobullous dermatoses:a clinical trial

Euzeli da Silva Brandão 20 February 2014 (has links)
O contato com pessoas acometidas por dermatoses imunobolhosas (DI) é impactante devido ao visível sofrimento causado pelo desconforto/mal-estar e comprometimento da autoimagem. Trata-se de um grupo de doenças de evolução crônica cuja manifestação primária e fundamental consiste no desenvolvimento de bolhas e menos frequentemente de vesículas na pele e/ou mucosas. O desafio de cuidar desta clientela justifica-se pelo caráter desfigurante e desconfortante, complexidade e vulnerabilidade a complicações, dentre as quais infecções e infestações, principalmente no ambiente hospitalar, fato agravado pelas drogas imunossupressoras utilizadas para o tratamento. Neste contexto, sobreleva-se a necessidade de ampliação do cuidado de enfermagem, sem limitar-se ao cumprimento das prescrições dos demais profissionais de saúde, objetivando atender às necessidades desta clientela e contemplá-la em todas as suas dimensões. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo geral: propor uma Tecnologia de Cuidados de Enfermagem ao Cliente com Dermatoses Imunobolhosas (TCECDI) que reconheça padrões de conforto/bem-estar do cliente hospitalizado, antes e após a sua aplicação. A necessidade de trabalhar com dados imprecisos como a subjetividade do conforto/bem-estar, e com um grupo de doenças de incomum acometimento às pessoas, despertou o interesse pela lógica fuzzy, uma teoria que auxilia na compreensão dos conceitos que extrapolam as barreiras da lógica formal, permitindo estabelecer diferentes graus de pertinência dos atributos julgados relevantes, representando uma ferramenta que pode capturar informações subjetivas convertendo-as em valores de pertinência. Os atributos estabelecidos para avaliação do conforto nos três momentos foram: dor, mobilidade, padrão de sono, exposição do corpo e das lesões, conhecimento sobre a doença e autocuidado. Trata-se de um estudo quase experimental, interinstitucional, realizado no período de junho de 2012 a abril de 2013, em unidades de internação especializadas em dermatologia localizadas no Rio de Janeiro e no Mato Grosso do Sul. O delineamento alternativo para o ensaio clínico utilizado foi destinado a um único grupo não randomizado do tipo série temporal. As aferições foram realizadas antes (T0), 24 horas após (T1) e uma semana após (T2) o recebimento da intervenção. Como inexiste grupo controle, em cada sujeito considerou-se o seu próprio controle. Baseando-se nas classificações advindas da lógica fuzzy, na definição de conforto e nos três sentidos técnicos preconizados por Kolcaba: alívio, calma e transcendência,constatou-se a redução significativa no padrão de desconforto. Assim, pode-se afirmar que a implementação da TCECDI interferiu de forma expressiva e positiva nas necessidades de conforto dos sujeitos do estudo. Ao privilegiar a autonomia do enfermeiro e o seu saber específico, esta pesquisa contribuiu para a enfermagem como profissão, preenchendo lacunas nesta área do conhecimento, possibilitando o ensino qualificado, além de estimular entre os profissionais de saúde a reflexão, compreensão e desenvolvimento de outras pesquisas sobre a prática do cuidado em saúde, principalmente em dermatologia. / The contact with people affected by immunobullous dermatoses (ID) is stunning due to the evident suffering caused by the discomfort/poor welfare, as well as the commitment of the self-image. That is a group of chronic diseases, whose primary and fundamental manifestation consists in the development of blisters and, less frequently, vesicles in the skin and/or mucosae. The challenge of taking care of these clients is justified by the deforming and uncomfortable nature, as well as its complexity and vulnerability to complications, including infections and infestations, mainly in hospital environment, a fact that is worsened by the immunosuppressive drugs used in its treatment. In this context, the need to increase the nursing care becomes evident, without failing to observe the prescriptions by the other healthcare professionals, with a view to meeting the needs of these clients and fulfilling these needs in all of their dimensions. Therefore, the aim of this study is to propose a Nursing Care Technology for the Client with immunobullous dermatoses (TCECDI) that acknowledges comfort/welfare standards of the inpatient before and after its application. The constraint of working with inaccurate data such as the subjectivity of comfort/welfare, and with a group of diseases that affect people in an uncommon manner, has sparked the interest by the fuzzy logic, a theory that helps understand the concepts that extrapolate the barriers of formal logic, thus enabling the establishment of different degrees of pertinence of the attributes deemed relevant, representing a tool that may collect subjective data and convert them into pertinence values. The attributes established to assess the comfort in the three moments were: pain, mobility, sleep pattern, exposure of the body and the injuries, knowledge on the disease and self-care. That is a quasi-experimental, interinstitutional study, carried out from June 2012 to April 2013, in inpatient units specialized in dermatology located in the states of Rio de Janeiro and Mato Grosso do Sul. The alternative design for the clinical trial used was intended to a single non-randomized group of the time-series type. The calculations were made before (T0), 24 hours later (T1) and one week later (T2) receiving the intervention. As there is no control group, each subject was regarded as his/her own control group. Based on the classifications derived from fuzzy logic, in the definition of comfort and in the three technical senses define by Kolcaba: relief, ease and transcendence, we observed a significant reduction in the discomfort pattern. Therefore, we may affirm that the implementation of the TCECDI interfered, in a explicit and positive manner, on the comfort needs of the study subjects. By favoring the autonomy of the nurse and his/her specific knowledge, this research contributed to nursing as a profession, filling gaps in the field of knowledge, enabling qualified training, as well as stimulating, among the healthcare professionals, the reflection, understanding and development of further research on the healthcare practice, mainly in dermatology.
478

A sexualidade dos adolescentes que (con)vivem com HIV: implicações para as práticas de cuidado de enfermeiros / The sexuality of adolescents live with HIV: implications of the care practices of nurses

Camila Perini dos Santos 03 February 2012 (has links)
Este estudo objetivou compreender a vivência e a sexualidade dos adolescentes que (con)vivem com HIV e indicar possibilidades para as práticas de cuidado realizados pelos enfermeiros. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa, com aproximação na hermenêutica dialética. Foram estudados 20 adolescentes com HIV atendidos em um Hospital Universitário do Rio de Janeiro. Foi utilizada como técnica de coleta de dados entrevistas semi-estruturadas e dois instrumentos de coleta: um questionário de caracterização dos sujeitos e um roteiro temático que guiou as entrevistas. As entrevistas foram gravadas e os conteúdos transcritos e analisados conforme a técnica de análise de conteúdo temática. O resultado evidenciou que o significado da saúde para os sujeitos, numa análise geral, está associado à qualidade de vida e necessidade de manutenção de hábitos saudáveis. Sobre o HIV, destacou-se o desconhecimento sobre o vírus e os modos de transmissão. A vivência com o HIV é marcada predominantemente por sentimentos negativos como medo e sofrimento relacionados com preconceito, estigma e discriminação. Os adolescentes associam a sexualidade ao ato sexual ou orientação sexual. A sexualidade para os adolescentes que adquiriram o vírus através da transmissão sexual também está relacionada às dificuldades com a mesma após a descoberta. Já os adolescentes contaminados por transmissão vertical tiveram como elementos mais presentes a aceitação e conformação da doença. Observar-se a falta de percepção dos adolescentes em relação às práticas de cuidados realizadas pelos enfermeiros, direcionados para minimizar suas necessidades Conclui-se, então, as técnicas de análise utilizadas foram pertinentes, pois permitiram identificar as vivências e os sentidos da sexualidade dos adolescentes que (con)vivem com HIV e a importância das práticas de cuidados de enfermeiros. Este estudo servirá para reflexão crítica para profissionais de saúde, principalmente, enfermeiros, através da identificação e percepção das demandas dos adolescentes com HIV para desenvolver estratégias visando as peculiaridades e necessidades destes adolescentes. / This study aimed at understanding the experience of adolescents sexuality that live with HIV and indicate possibilities for the practices of care performed by nurses. It is a descriptive study with qualitative approach, with the hermeneutic dialectic approach. We studied 20 adolescents with HIV treated at a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Was used as a technique for data collection semi-structured interviews and two data collection instruments: a characterization questionnaire of subjects and a thematic guide who guided the interviews. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and content analyzed according to the technique of thematic content analysis. The result showed that the meaning of health for the subjects in a general analysis, is associated with quality of life and need of the healthy maintainence habits. About HIV, highlighted the ignorance about the virus and transmission modes. Living with HIV is predominantly marked by negative feelings such as fear and suffering related to prejudice, stigma and discrimination. Teenagers sexuality is associate to sexual act or sexual orientation. Sexuality for teens who acquired the virus through sexual transmission is also related to difficulties with the same after the discovery. Adolescents infected through vertical transmission are more used to the acceptance of the disease. We observe the lack of perception of adolescents in relation to the practices of care performed by nurses, targeted to minimize their needs. We conclude that the analysis techniques used were appropriate, since it identifies the experiences and the meanings of adolescent sexuality that live with HIV and the importance of caring practices of nurses. This study will serve to critical reflection of health professionals, especially nurses, through the identification and perceived demands of adolescents with HIV to develop strategies to address the peculiarities and needs of adolescents.
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As práticas desenvolvidas no cuidado realizado por enfermeiros: um estudo de caso na rede básica de saúde no município do Rio de Janeiro / The practices developed in care performed by nurses: a case study in the basic health care in Rio de Janeiro City

Patrícia Ferraccioli Siqueira Lemos 29 February 2012 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo geral, compreender as práticas desenvolvidas no cuidado realizado por enfermeiros nos Programas Nacionais de Saúde em uma unidade da rede básica de saúde no município do Rio de Janeiro. Este estudo corresponde ao desdobramento do projeto Práticas de cuidado no SUS: o papel do enfermeiro na Atenção Básica, apoiado por bolsa de produtividade em pesquisa da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ/ Prociência). A presente dissertação trata-se de um estudo de caso realizado no âmbito da Atenção Básica, e, possui como cenário o Centro Municipal de Saúde (CMS) Milton Fontes Magarão. Os sujeitos da pesquisa corresponderam a oito enfermeiros, sendo sete entrevistas e um depoimento. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados utilizados, durante o período de julho a setembro de 2011, foram: observação sistemática, entrevista semi-estruturada, depoimento, formulário e pesquisa em fontes documentais. Para a avaliação dos resultados utilizou-se a técnica de análise temática, proposta por Minayo. No plano metodológico a análise foi qualitativa, no entanto, no tratamento dos dados, a análise aplicada se apropriou de elementos da abordagem quantitativa, com o objetivo de encontrar os núcleos de sentido contextualizados nas entrevistas. A partir dos resultados alcançados foi possível elaborar três categorias. A primeira categoria focou uma abordagem temática sobre as práticas desenvolvidas no cuidado realizado por enfermeiros nos Programas Nacionais. A segunda categoria buscou descrever a visão do enfermeiro sobre o desenvolvimento de suas práticas e do cuidado realizado, no qual, foram discutidas duas temáticas centrais: noções acerca das atividades realizadas pelos enfermeiros e noções dos enfermeiros acerca dos princípios e diretrizes para atenção à saúde. A terceira categoria direcionou-se para os fatores que interferem nas práticas e no cuidado realizado pelos enfermeiros. A prática e o cuidado realizados pelos enfermeiros foram analisados e discutidos, a partir dos relatos dos profissionais sobre suas vivências. Sendo assim, não coube a expressão de uma única forma de prática ou de uma única dimensão do cuidado, visto que essas práticas parecem estar entrelaçadas a diversos aspectos subjetivos, epistemológicos, culturais e sócio-econômicos. As práticas realizadas, independente do Programa Nacional de atuação dos enfermeiros, estão voltadas principalmente para a consulta de enfermagem, a prática educativa, a organização do fluxo de entrada, o sistema de referência e a visita domiciliar. Pôde-se inferir que diversos são os fatores que influenciam, de forma positiva ou negativa, o desenvolvimento das atividades diárias. Por fim, cabe ressaltar a necessidade de novos estudos sobre a temática a fim de estimular a construção de saberes teórico-práticos e a formulação de uma visão crítica sobre o cuidado profissional realizado pelo enfermeiro no âmbito da Atenção Básica. / This research has as a general goal to understand the practices developed in care performed by nurses in Health National Programs at a Basic Health Care unit in Rio de Janeiro city. This study corresponds to the unfolding of the project named Practices of care at SUS: the role of the nurse on Health Care, supported by research productivity grants from University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ/ Prosciences). The current dissertation is a case study performed at the scope of Health care, and the site is the Municipal Health Center (MHC) Milton Fontes Magarão. The research subjects were eight nurses, providing seven interviews and one testimony. Data sample tools used, during the period from July to September, 2011, were: systematic observation, semi-structured interview, testimony, form and research at documental sources. To the assessment of results the theme analysis technique was used, proposed by Minayo. Methodologically, the analysis was qualitative, however, in treatment of data, the analysis applied used elements from quantitative approach, in which the objective was to find meaning cores contextualized in the interviews. From the results achieved it was possible to elaborate three categories. First category focus was on the thematic approach about the practices which have been developed by nurses at National Programs. The second one aimed at describing the nurses view on the development of their practices as well as the care performed, in which, two core themes were discussed: notions about activities performed by nurses and their notions about principles and guidelines to basic Health Care. The third category was directed to factors that interfere on the practice and the care performed by nurses. Practice and care were analysed and discussed from the professionals reports about their life experiences. Thus, it was not suitable to structure a single form of practice or single care dimension, once such practices seem overlapped to diverse subjective, epistemological, cultural and socio-economic factors. Nurses performance practices, apart from the National Program are turned mainly to the nursing consultation, educational practice, organization of input, reference system and home visit. It can be inferred that a lot of factors influence - positively or negatively - on the development of daily activities. Finally, it is important to highlight the need of new studies on the subject in order to stimulate theoretical-practical knowledge and the formulation of a critical thinking about professional care from the nurse at the scope of basic Health Care.
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Representações sociais da aids por enfermeiras das redes básica e hospitalar / Social representations of AIDS by nurses of basic and hospital network

Bruno Rafael Gomes Valois 29 February 2012 (has links)
Este estudo objetiva analisar as representações sociais da aids produzidas por enfermeiras atuantes em dois níveis distintos de atenção aos sujeitos que vivem com HIV/Aids e suas implicações para o cuidado desenvolvido por esse grupo profissional. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório-descritivo, pautado na abordagem qualitativa, orientado pela Teoria das Representações Sociais, em sua abordagem processual. Os sujeitos do estudo foram enfermeiras, atuantes em instituições públicas de saúde da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, sendo 10 da rede hospitalar e 9 da rede básica. A coleta de dados deu-se por meio de um roteiro de entrevista semi-estruturada e um questionário de caracterização. Para a análise dos dados foi utilizada a técnica de análise lexical, realizada pelo software Alceste 4.10. Na análise do grupo total de sujeitos foram definidas seis categorias: "Memórias sócio profissionais de enfermeiras sobre o HIV/Aids", abordando os atores sociais atingidos pela aids no passado e na atualidade, as memórias das enfermeiras sobre aids e os estereótipos presentes em cada período; "O cuidado relacionado à autoproteção ao HIV/Aids", referindo-se as medidas de proteção ao HIV/Aids adotadas pelas enfermeiras tanto em suas vidas profissionais quanto pessoais; "Dimensões práticas do atendimento e do cuidado", destacando elementos do cotidiano assistencial, com ênfase nas diferentes formas de compreensão do cuidado; "As famílias atingidas pela aids", com conteúdos relativos às vivências das enfermeiras em situações da aids no contexto familiar; "As políticas públicas e instituicionais e a aids", relativa as percepções das enfermeiras sobre as políticas de saúde; "O tratamento medicamentoso do HIV/Aids", com conteúdos relativos às dificuldades percebidas para a adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso por parte dos sujeitos com HIV/Aids. A análise cruzada da variável nível de atenção permitiu observar que a representação da aids no grupo de enfermeiras da rede hospitalar encontra-se ancorada em elementos negativos relativos ao passado, embora apontem também para novos elementos representacionais no presente; enquanto as enfermeiras de rede básica representam a aids a partir de elementos relativos à prática assistencial cotidiana. A representação da aids para o grupo de enfermeiras estudado abarca elementos tais como: sentimento de insegurança em relação ao próprio parceiro, devido a situações que vivenciam, imagem dos sujeitos que vivem com HIV/Aids em transição devido às mudanças ocorridas no perfil epidemiológico; atitudes distintas no campo profissional, relacionadas às formas de contágio e persistência de identificação dos sujeitos que vivem com HIV/Aids como vítimas ou culpados. Apesar de afirmarem inexistir diferenças no cuidado de enfermagem às pessoas que vivem com o HIV/Aids quando comparado ao cuidado aos sujeitos com outras patologias, enfatizam a necessidade de maior cautela devido ao risco de contágio em relação aos primeiros, caracterizando uma contradição no discurso. Conclui-se que existem diferenças nas representações sociais das enfermeiras de acordo com o nível de atenção no qual atuam e que há repercussões singulares na forma que o cuidado de enfermagem é desenvolvido, a partir dessas representações. / This study intends to analyze social representations of AIDS produced by nurses working in two distinct levels of care for individuals living with HIV/AIDS and its implications for nursing care developed by these professionals. This is an exploratory descriptive study, based on a qualitative approach, guided by the theory of social representation as procedural approach. The study participants were nurses working in public health institutions in the city of Rio de Janeiro, 10 of them on the hospital network and 9 of them on basic network. Data collection was performed by a roadmap for semi-structured interviews and a characterization questionnaire. Lexical Analysis technique was used, performed by the software Alceste 4.10. In the analysis of the general group, six categories of analysis emerged: "Social-Professional memories of nurses about HIV/AIDS", addressing social actors affected by AIDS in the past and at present, the memories of the nurses about AIDS and the stereotypes; "The care related to self-protection from HIV/AIDS", referring to the protective procedures adopted by nurses in their lives both professionally and personally against HIV/AIDS, "Practical Dimensions of treatment and nursing care, bringing elements of daily care, especially for different forms of understanding care; "Families affected by AIDS," with content relating to the experiences of nurses with AIDS cases in the family context, "Public, institutional policies and AIDS", with contents relating to how policies health are perceived by nurses, "Drug treatment of HIV/AIDS", with content related to perceived difficulties in adherence to drug treatment by individuals with HIV/AIDS. The analysis of the variable "area of attention" permitted to observe that the representation of AIDS among nurses working at hospital network is anchored in negative elements related to the past, although it also points to new representational elements at present; basic network nurses represent AIDS from elements related to daily nursing care. It was possible to see that the representation of AIDS among the nursing staff studied encompasses elements such as feelings of insecurity about their own partner, because the situations they experience, transition in images of the subjects living with HIV/AIDS, due to changes in their epidemiological profile, different attitudes in the professional field related to forms of contagion and persistence on identification of individuals living with HIV/AIDS as victims or perpetrators. Despite claiming nonexistence of differences in nursing care for people living with HIV/AIDS care in relation to any other client, nurses emphasize the need for greater caution due to the risk of contagion, thus presenting a contradiction in their speech. Its possible to conclude that there are differences in social representations of nurses according to the level of attention to individuals who live with HIV/AIDS and that there are unique repercussions in the way nursing care is developed from these representations.

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