Orientador: Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol / Banca: Rogério Peres Soratto / Banca: Munir Mauad / Banca: Salatier Buzeetti / Banca: Takashi Muraoka / Resumo: Com a ampliação da demanda da indústria ricinoquímica e, mais recentemente, a possibilidade do uso do óleo de mamona como biocombustível, há necessidade de realizar-se estudos referentes à absorção e acumulação de nutrientes nas diferentes fases de desenvolvimento da mamona, o que permite determinar as épocas em que os elementos são mais exigidos durante o desenvolvimento da cultura e a distribuição desses nas diferentes estruturas da planta possibilitando um manejo adequado da adubação, principalmente a nitrogenada de cobertura. Em função do exposto, objetivou-se estudar a marcha de absorção de nutrientes em dois híbridos de mamona (Híbrido Lyra, Híbrido Savana) em sistema de plantio direto conduzidos em safra e safrinha no ano agrícola de 2006 na Fazenda Experimental Lageado pertencente à Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da UNESP, em Botucatu-SP. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Foram realizadas as seguintes avaliações: matéria seca acumulada, quantidade acumulada de nutrientes (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo e Zn) nos caules, folhas e estruturas reprodutivas e produtividade de grãos. No cultivo de safra concluiu-se que: a) A produtividade do híbrido Lyra foi de 2.995 kg ha-1 e do Savana 2.582 kg ha-1; b) o acúmulo de matéria seca total pelo Lyra foi de 8.629 kg ha-1 e pelo Savana foi de 6.904 kg ha-1; c) Os valores em quilogramas por hectare (kg ha-1) de macronutrientes acumulados na matéria seca total pelo Lyra foram: N=180; P=61,6; K=78; Ca=77,5; Mg=33; S=30,9. No híbrido Savana foram: N=160; P=51,2; K=64; Ca=55,5; Mg=25; S=29. d) Os valores em gramas por hectare (g ha-1) de 2 micronutrientes acumulados na matéria seca total pelo Lyra foram: B=75; Cu=18; Fe=98; Mn=166; Mo=2; Zn=190. No híbrido Savana foram: B=58; Cu=11,3; Fe=93,7; Mn=95; Mo=1,2;... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The increasing demand of oil industry with the possibility of using castor bean as biofuel, requires more reseach in nutrient uptake and accumulation in all stages of castor bean growth which can lead to an appropriate fertilizer management, mainly nitrogen cover. This study aimed at determining the uptake rate in two castor bean cultivars (Lyra hybrid and Savana Hybrid) in no-tillage system in crop and no season crop in 2006. The experiment was carried out at Lageado Experimental farm from School of Agriculture - UNESP in Botucatu / São Paulo State. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications. Accumulated dry matter, nutrient content ( N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, and Zn) in stems, leaves and flowers, yield were evaluated. The crop results showed that: a) Lyra yield was 2.995 kg ha-1 and Savana's 2.582 kg ha-1. b) The total dry matter acumulated by Lyra was 8.629 kg ha-1 and 6.904 kg ha-1 by Savana. c) The macronutrients accumulated in total dry matter by Lyra was: N= 180.0; P=61.6; K=78.0; Ca=77.5; Mg=33.0; S=30.9 kg ha-1. By Savana hybrid was: N= 160.0; P=51.2; K=64.0; Ca=55.5; Mg=25.0; S=29.0 kg ha-1. d) The micronutrients accumulated in total dry matter by Lyra was: B=75.0; Cu=18.0; Fe=98.0; Mn=166.0; Mo=2.0; Zn=190 g ha-1. By Savana hybrid was: B=58.0; Cu=11.3; Fe=93.7; Mn=95.0; Mo=1.2; Zn=100 g ha-1 . The no season crop show that: a) Lyra yield was 1.201 kg ha-1 and Savana's 494 kg ha-1 b) The accumulated dry matter by Lyra was 2.230 kg ha-1 and Savana was 1.140 kg ha-1; c) The macronutrients accumulated in total 4 dry matter by Lyra was: N= 66.5; P=22.1; K=27.7; Ca=16.0; Mg=8.7; S=12.7 kg ha-1. By Savana hybrid was: N= 32.0; P=8.4; K=13.4. Ca=11.5; Mg=4.2; S=7.3 kg ha-1. d) The micronutrients accumulated in total dry matter by Lyra was: B=48.0; Cu=18.7; Fe=1.026; Mn=151;... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Orientador: Ciro Antonio Rosolem / Banca: Dirceu Maximono Fernandes / Banca: Salatier Buzetti / Banca: Julinano Carlos Calonego / Banca: Gedi Jorge Sfredo / Resumo: As espécies utilizadas em sistemas de rotação de culturas comportamse de maneira diferente quanto à absorção e ciclagem de nutrientes. Além disso, a absorção de nutrientes é influenciada pelas propriedades físicas do solo, capazes de modificar o crescimento e desenvolvimento radicular. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a ciclagem de nutrientes em três sistemas de rotação de culturas, relacionando-a à atividade radicular da braquiária e sorgo, em sistema de semeadura direta, escarificado (SDCE) e sem escarificação (SDSE), em Nitossolo Vermelho de textura argilosa na cidade de Botucatu-SP. Além das plantas de cobertura também se avaliou a atividade radicular das culturas do milho e da soja. O sistema de rotação foi implantado na safra de 2005/2006 como segue: (1) milheto / soja / sorgo / milho / sorgo/ soja; (2) milheto / soja / braquiária / milho / braquiária / soja e (3) milheto / soja / mamona + braquiária / milho / mamona + braquiária / soja. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições em parcelas subdivididas. A condução do experimento deu-se por dois anos agrícolas (2006/2007; 2007/2008) para possível observação de algum efeito acumulativo dos tratamentos. A atividade radicular das plantas de cobertura (novembro 2006), do milho (fevereiro 2007) e da soja (dezembro 2007) foi avaliada indiretamente, usando-se rubídio como marcador. Aplicou-se 3 mL da solução de nitrato de rubídio no solo com cateter, a 0,05; 0,10; 0,20, 0,40 e 0,60 m de profundidade e a 0,11 e 0,22 m de distância da planta de referência. Decorrido 4 dias da aplicação, coletou-se as respectivas partes aéreas das plantas, as quais foram secas, moídas e digeridas por via úmida para determinação do teor de rubídio em absorção atômica. Também foram analisadas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract : The species used in crop rotation systems differ in nutrient absorption and cycling. Moreover, nutrient absorption is influenced by soil physical properties, which may affect root growth and its development. The present research had as objective to investigate nutrient cycling in three crop rotation systems and its relation to root activity of Brachiaria and sorghum in no tillage system, with and without chiselling. The experiment was carried out in Botucatu, SP, Brazil, in a Red Nitosol, with clay texture. The rotation system was implemented in 2005/2006 and carried out for two growing seasons (November of 2006 and 2007). Crop rotation systems were: (1) Pearl millet / soybean / sorghum / maize / sorghum / soybean; (2) Pearl millet / soybean / Brachiaria / maize / Brachiaria / soybean and (3) Pearl millet / soybean / Brachiaria + castor bean / maize / Brachiaria + castor bean / soybean. The experimental design was the completely randomized block with split-plots and four replications. Root activity was evaluated for either cover crops or maize and soybean. Root activity of cover crops (November of 2006 and 2007), maize (February of 2007) and soybean (December of 2007) was indirectly evaluated, using Rubidium as marker. The solution of 3 mL of rubidium nitrate was applied in soil with a catheter, at 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.40 and 0.60 m depths and at 0.11 and 0.22 m away from the plant in question. The respective shoots were collected, dried, grounded and submitted to humid digestion 4 days after the application to evaluate rubidium level through atomic absorption. Chemical characteristics and soil penetration resistance were also evaluated at 0.00-0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.20, 0.20-0.40 and 0.40-0.60 m depths in the respective growing seasons. According to Rb levels observed in dry matter, the highest... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-09-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:01:03Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 nascimento_ms_dr_botfca.pdf: 914604 bytes, checksum: 2887ca4922c6af0c8d8f9c4f190a3ce8 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Com a ampliação da demanda da indústria ricinoquímica e, mais recentemente, a possibilidade do uso do óleo de mamona como biocombustível, há necessidade de realizar-se estudos referentes à absorção e acumulação de nutrientes nas diferentes fases de desenvolvimento da mamona, o que permite determinar as épocas em que os elementos são mais exigidos durante o desenvolvimento da cultura e a distribuição desses nas diferentes estruturas da planta possibilitando um manejo adequado da adubação, principalmente a nitrogenada de cobertura. Em função do exposto, objetivou-se estudar a marcha de absorção de nutrientes em dois híbridos de mamona (Híbrido Lyra, Híbrido Savana) em sistema de plantio direto conduzidos em safra e safrinha no ano agrícola de 2006 na Fazenda Experimental Lageado pertencente à Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da UNESP, em Botucatu-SP. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Foram realizadas as seguintes avaliações: matéria seca acumulada, quantidade acumulada de nutrientes (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo e Zn) nos caules, folhas e estruturas reprodutivas e produtividade de grãos. No cultivo de safra concluiu-se que: a) A produtividade do híbrido Lyra foi de 2.995 kg ha-1 e do Savana 2.582 kg ha-1; b) o acúmulo de matéria seca total pelo Lyra foi de 8.629 kg ha-1 e pelo Savana foi de 6.904 kg ha-1; c) Os valores em quilogramas por hectare (kg ha-1) de macronutrientes acumulados na matéria seca total pelo Lyra foram: N=180; P=61,6; K=78; Ca=77,5; Mg=33; S=30,9. No híbrido Savana foram: N=160; P=51,2; K=64; Ca=55,5; Mg=25; S=29. d) Os valores em gramas por hectare (g ha-1) de 2 micronutrientes acumulados na matéria seca total pelo Lyra foram: B=75; Cu=18; Fe=98; Mn=166; Mo=2; Zn=190. No híbrido Savana foram: B=58; Cu=11,3; Fe=93,7; Mn=95; Mo=1,2;... / The increasing demand of oil industry with the possibility of using castor bean as biofuel, requires more reseach in nutrient uptake and accumulation in all stages of castor bean growth which can lead to an appropriate fertilizer management, mainly nitrogen cover. This study aimed at determining the uptake rate in two castor bean cultivars (Lyra hybrid and Savana Hybrid) in no-tillage system in crop and no season crop in 2006. The experiment was carried out at Lageado Experimental farm from School of Agriculture - UNESP in Botucatu / São Paulo State. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications. Accumulated dry matter, nutrient content ( N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, and Zn) in stems, leaves and flowers, yield were evaluated. The crop results showed that: a) Lyra yield was 2.995 kg ha-1 and Savana’s 2.582 kg ha-1. b) The total dry matter acumulated by Lyra was 8.629 kg ha-1 and 6.904 kg ha-1 by Savana. c) The macronutrients accumulated in total dry matter by Lyra was: N= 180.0; P=61.6; K=78.0; Ca=77.5; Mg=33.0; S=30.9 kg ha-1. By Savana hybrid was: N= 160.0; P=51.2; K=64.0; Ca=55.5; Mg=25.0; S=29.0 kg ha-1. d) The micronutrients accumulated in total dry matter by Lyra was: B=75.0; Cu=18.0; Fe=98.0; Mn=166.0; Mo=2.0; Zn=190 g ha-1. By Savana hybrid was: B=58.0; Cu=11.3; Fe=93.7; Mn=95.0; Mo=1.2; Zn=100 g ha-1 . The no season crop show that: a) Lyra yield was 1.201 kg ha-1 and Savana’s 494 kg ha-1 b) The accumulated dry matter by Lyra was 2.230 kg ha-1 and Savana was 1.140 kg ha-1; c) The macronutrients accumulated in total 4 dry matter by Lyra was: N= 66.5; P=22.1; K=27.7; Ca=16.0; Mg=8.7; S=12.7 kg ha-1. By Savana hybrid was: N= 32.0; P=8.4; K=13.4. Ca=11.5; Mg=4.2; S=7.3 kg ha-1. d) The micronutrients accumulated in total dry matter by Lyra was: B=48.0; Cu=18.7; Fe=1.026; Mn=151;... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Submitted by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-06-18T13:20:38Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) TESE - JAISSON MIYOSI OKA.pdf: 2057728 bytes, checksum: 6467b41852340d83acab29649d65e7b2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-06-18T13:21:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) TESE - JAISSON MIYOSI OKA.pdf: 2057728 bytes, checksum: 6467b41852340d83acab29649d65e7b2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-18T13:21:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) TESE - JAISSON MIYOSI OKA.pdf: 2057728 bytes, checksum: 6467b41852340d83acab29649d65e7b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-30 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The species Capsicum chinense has a variety of different morphotypes of plants, of which pepper is found, the fruits of which are much appreciated both in cooking and for industrial purposes, but little is known about the nutritional characteristics of this species. The objective of this study was to determine the phenophases, growth and accumulation of nutrients by peppermint (Capsicum chinense Jacquin) cv. Lupita in greenhouse. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, in a 14 x 5 factorial scheme, as dependent variables of 14 evaluation periods (20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 84, 98, 112, 126, 140, 154, 175 and 200 days after emergence), and five plant parts (root, stem, leaf, flower and fruit) with eight replicates. All plants received the same dosages of nutrients. The morphological characteristics of the plant were evaluated in each period, besides the height, collection diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, leaf area, fruit production, morphological characteristics and nutrient content in each part of the plant. The plants grew logistically with higher growth values in the last evaluation periods. Peppercorn has a higher growth rate between 60 and 112 days after emergence. Fruit yield reached 8,897.5 g plant 1. Relative growth and net assimilation rates had their highest values at 20 and 40 days after emergence. The plants had increasing increments of nutrients, with higher accumulation values found for nitrogen and potassium among the macronutrients, and iron and zinc among micronutrients. Among the parts of the plant, the greatest accumulations of nutrients occurred in the fruits. The growth and accumulation of nutrients in the pepper is highly related to the time of cultivation of the plant, mainly to the productive phenological period, where there is a greater accumulation of nutrients in relation to the other phenophases. The preferred series of nutrient accumulation was N> K> Ca> P> S> Mg> Fe> Zn> Mn> B> Cu at the end of the experiment. Sigmoid-shaped equations are best suited for describing the growth of peppermint, and the sigmoid equation better describes the accumulation of nutrients in the plant. / A espécie Capsicum chinense possui uma variedade de morfotipos diferentes de plantas, das quais encontra-se a pimenta-de-cheiro, cujos frutos são muito apreciados tanto na culinária como para fins industriais, porém pouco se sabe sobre as características nutricionais desta espécie. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar as fenofases, crescimento e acúmulo de nutrientes pela pimenteira-de-cheiro (Capsicum chinense Jacquin) cv. Lupita em casa de vegetação. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 14 x 5, como variáveis dependentes de 14 períodos de avaliação (20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 84, 98, 112, 126, 140, 154, 175 e 200 dias após a emergência), e cinco partes da planta (raiz, caule, folha, flor e fruto) com oito repetições. Todas as plantas receberam as mesmas dosagens de nutrientes. Em cada período foram avaliadas as características morfológicas da planta, além da altura, diâmetro do coleto, número de folhas, área foliar, área da folha, produção de frutos, características morfofisiológicas e o conteúdo de nutrientes em cada parte da planta. As plantas cresceram de forma logística com maiores valores de crescimento nos últimos períodos de avaliação. A pimenteira-de-cheiro tem maior taxa de crescimento ente 60 e 112 dias após a emergência. A produção de frutos chegou aos 8.897,5 g planta-1. As taxas de crescimento relativo e de assimilação liquida, tiveram seus maiores valores aos 20 e 40 dias após a emergência. As plantas tiveram incrementos crescentes de nutrientes, com maiores valores de acúmulo encontrados para nitrogênio e potássio entre os macronutrientes, e ferro e zinco entre os micronutrientes. Entre as partes da planta, os maiores acúmulos de nutrientes ocorreram nos frutos. O crescimento e o acumulo de nutrientes na pimenteira-de-cheiro está altamente relacionado ao tempo de cultivo da planta, principalmente ao período fenológico produtivo, onde há maior acumulo de nutrientes em relação as demais fenofases. A série preferencial de acúmulo de nutrientes foi de N>K>Ca>P>S>Mg>Fe>Zn>Mn>B>Cu ao final do experimento. Equações que tenham formato sigmoide são as mais adequadas para descrever o crescimento da pimenteira-de-cheiro, e a equação sigmoide descreve melhor os acúmulos de nutrientes na planta.

A adubação nitrogenada de soqueira de cana-de-açúcar no Brasil normalmente é feita no período seco do ano e a principal fonte de N é o nitrato de amônio, apesar de a ureia ser o principal fertilizante nitrogenado consumido no Brasil e no mundo. Para viabilizar o uso de ureia em áreas de cana-de-açúcar colhida sem queima, com grande quantidade de palha recobrindo o solo, devem ser adotadas estratégias que reduzam as perdas de amônia por volatilização, como uso de ureia estabilizada com inibidores de urease. Trabalhos prévios indicaram a necessidade de aumentar a concentração do inibidor de urease NBPT na ureia para reduzir perdas de amônia por volatilização em áreas de cana-crua, porém os efeitos na produtividade da cultura ainda não foram estudados. A hipótese deste trabalho é de que o aumento da concentração do inibidor de urease NBPT na ureia irá proporcionar ganhos de produtividade comparado à ureia convencional, demonstrando a viabilidade do uso de ureia estabilizada para adubação de soqueira de cana-crua. O presente trabalho foi executado em dois locais (Experimento 1, Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico de textura muito argilosa e Experimento 2, Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo eutrófico de textura média) para avaliar o comportamento produtivo de soqueiras de cana-de-açúcar em função de doses de N nas formas de nitrato de amônio, ureia e ureia estabilizada com diferentes concentrações de NBPT. O delineamento experiemental foi de blocos inteiramente casualizados no esquema fatorial 6 x 2 + 1, sendo seis fontes de N (nitrato de amônio, ureia e ureia estabilizada com quatro doses de NBPT variando de 530 a 2000 mg kg-1), duas doses de N (50 e 100 kg ha-1 de N) e um tratamento adicional (Controle, sem adubação nitrogenada). Foram avaliados o perfilhamento, teor foliar de N, índice SPAD, produtividade de colmos, acúmulo de N na parte aérea e os atributos tecnológicos. Também foi avaliada a atividade enzimática da glutamina sintetase (GS) e nitrato redutase (NR) no Experimento 2. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância ao nível de 10 % de significância pelo teste F, e os fatores significativos foram comparados pelo teste Tukey a 10 % de significância. Os teores foliares de N não foram alterados pela interação dos fatores, sendo mais importante o aumento da dose de N, o que também ocorreu para atividade das enzimas GS e NR e para o índice SPAD. A produtividade de colmos foi influenciada distintamente entre as áreas. No Experimento 1, houve resposta significativa para as doses de N, independente da fonte de N . No Experimento 2 não houve diferença significativa na produtividade de colmos entre as doses e fontes de N. Os resultados deste trabalho indicam que não é necessário aumentar a concentração de NBPT na ureia e que, tanto a ureia convencional quanto a ureia estabilizada podem ser utilizadas para adubação nitrogenada de soqueira de cana-de- açúcar como fontes opcionais ao nitrato de amônio. / Nitrogen fertilization of sugarcane ratoon in Brazil is usually performed in the dry period of the year and the main source of N is ammonium nitrate, although urea is the main nitrogen fertilizer consumed in Brazil and in the world. In order to allow urea usage in green cane trash blanketing (GCTB) systems, with high amount of straw left on soil surface, strategies that reduce ammonia losses are required, such as the use of urea stabilized with urease inhibitors. Previous research indicated the need to increase the concentration of the urease inhibitor NBPT in urea to reduce ammonia losses in GCTB systems, but the effects on such increase on yield performance is unclear. This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that increasing the concentration of NBPT in urea will provide yield gains when compared to untreated urea, demonstrating the feasibility of using stabilized urea in GCTB areas. Two field trials (Experiment 1, Oxisols of very clayey texture and Experiment 2, medium-texture Oxisols) were set up to evaluate the yield performance of sugarcane fertilized with N rates as ammonium nitrate, urea and urea stabilized with different concentrations of NBPT. The experimental design was a complete randomized blocks on factorial scheme 6 x 2 + 1, with six N sources (ammonium nitrate, urea and urea stabilized with NBPT concentration ranging from 530 to 2000 mg kg-1), two doses of N (50 and 100 kg ha-1 of N) and an additional control (no N fertilization). It was evaluated the tillering, foliar N content, SPAD index, crop yield, shoot N accumulation and the technological attributes. The enzymatic activity of glutamine synthetase (GS) and nitrate reductase (NR) was also evaluated in Experiment 2. Data were submitted to analysis of variance at the 10 % level of significance by the F test, and the significant factors were compared by the Tukey test at 10 % significance. Leaf N contents weren\'t affected by the interaction of the factors, being more important the increase of the dose of N, which also occurred for the activity of GS, NR and for the SPAD index. Sugarcane response to N fertilization varied among sites. In Experiment 1, there was a significant response to N rates, independently of N sources evaluted. In Experiment 2 there was no significant effect of N sources or rates on sugarcane yield. The results of this study indicate that increasing NBPT concentration in urea will not improve sugarcane yield. However, both urea and stabilized urea resulted in similar yield performance when compared to ammonium nitrate for fertilization of GCTB systems.

Living shorelines are designed to address coastal erosion and their use is encouraged over that of hard structures such as sea walls and bulkheads because they provide habitat, improve water quality and stabilize shorelines. Objectives of this study were to: (i) Compare soil Nitrogen [N], Phosphorus [P], Organic Carbon [OC], organic matter (SOM) and soil bulk density between living, hardened and natural shoreline to determine if soil present within living shorelines is comprised of higher SOM and lower bulk density, that encourage marsh growth, as compared to hardened shorelines. (ii) Use an experimental mesocosm to test the effect of shoreline substrate types (living vs hardened vs natural) and nitrogen loading (at four concentration 0, 12, 24, 36 ml) on the growth of Spartina alterniflora. No previous study has documented the growth of Spartina in response to inorganic N loading at various shoreline substrate types. My results show living shoreline has significantly lower soil bulk density [F 2, 138 = 10.79, p <0.01] and higher SOM content than hardened shoreline [F 2, 138 = 10.26, p <0.01]. Combinations of N addition decreased plant’s root-shoot ratio and resulted in increased dry shoot weight. These results indicate that living shoreline is capable of trapping sediments within the nearshore environment, contributing to vertical marsh accretion by accumulation of organic matter, in the face of sea level rise. Findings from this research provide insights to local government, planners, developers and consultants on the benefits of living shoreline structures for the purpose of best shoreline management practice.

Orientador: Arthur Bernardes Cecílio Filho / Resumo: Em solos onde o cultivo de hortaliças e a aplicação de fertilizantes minerais são constantes, os teores dos nutrientes nestes locais podem aumentar consideravelmente, principalmente fósforo (P) e potássio (K), que estão entre os três nutrientes mais aplicados nas culturas agrícolas. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a resposta da beterraba a doses de fósforo e de potássio em Latossolo com altos teores destes nutrientes. Foram realizados dois experimentos em campo, o delineamento experimental de ambos foi em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 5 x 2 e 4 x 2 para os experimentos de P e de K, respectivamente, com quatro repetições. Em ambos experimentos foram utilizadas duas cultivares ('Early Wonder' e 'Kestrel'). As doses de P foram 0, 120, 240, 360 e 480 kg ha-1 de P2O5; e as doses de K foram 0, 60, 120 e 180 kg ha-1 de K2O. Aos 50 dias após o transplante avaliaram-se os teores de nitrogênio, fósforo, potássio e boro na folha diagnose. Produtividade e acúmulo de nutrientes foram feitos na colheita. Nos dois experimentos, teores de P e K no solo eram altos. Os acúmulos para todos os nutrientes avaliados na ‘Early Wonder’ na parte aérea e na raiz tuberosa foram superiores a 'Kestrel' em ambos experimentos. Não foi observado efeito das doses de P e de K na produtividade. Em Latossolo com teor alto de P e de K disponível, as cultivares ‘Early Wonder’ e 'Kestrel' não respondem de forma diferenciada à adubação fosfatada e potássica com relação à produtividade, portanto, não se recomenda... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In soils where vegetable cultivation and mineral fertilizer application are constant, nutrient levels at these sites can increase considerably, especially phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), which are among the three most commonly applied nutrients in agricultural crops. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the response of beet to phosphorus and potassium doses in Oxisol with high levels of these nutrients. Two field experiments were carried out and the experimental design was randomized blocks in a 5 x 2 and 4 x 2 factorial scheme for the P and K experiments, respectively, with four replications. In both experiments two cultivars ('Early Wonder' and 'Kestrel') were used. The doses of P were 0, 120, 240, 360 and 480 kg ha-1 of P2O5; and the K rates were 0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1 of K2O. At 50 days after transplantation, the levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and boron in the diagnosis leaf were evaluated. Productivity and nutrient accumulation were measured at harvest. In both experiments, soil P and K contents were high. The accumulations for all nutrients evaluated in 'Early Wonder' in the shoot and root were higher than 'Kestrel' in both experiments. No effect of P and K doses on yield was observed. In Oxisol with high content of P and K, 'Early Wonder' and 'Kestrel' cultivars do not respond differently to phosphate and potassium fertilization regarding to yield, so it is not recommended to fertilize beet crop with these nutrients in Oxisol with high levels of both nu... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

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A growing interest in using forest biomass for bioenergy generation may stimulate intensive harvesting scenarios in Germany. We calculated and compared nutrient exports of conventional stem only (SO), whole tree without needles (WT excl. needles), and whole tree (WT) harvesting in two medium aged Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands differing in productivity, and related them to soil nutrient pools and fluxes at the study sites. We established allometric biomass functions for each aboveground tree compartment and analyzed their nutrient contents. We analyzed soil nutrient stocks, estimated weathering rates, and obtained deposition and seepage data from nearby Level II stations. WT (excl. needles) and WT treatments cause nutrient losses 1.5 to 3.6 times higher than SO, while the biomass gain is only 1.18 to 1.25 in case of WT (excl. needles) and 1.28 to 1.30 in case of WT in the pine and spruce stand, respectively. Within the investigated 25-year period, WT harvesting would cause exports of N, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ of 6.6, 8.8, 5.4, and 0.8 kg·ha−1 in the pine stand and 13.9, 7.0, 10.6, and 1.8 kg·ha−1 in the spruce stand annually. The relative impact of WT and WT (excl. needles) on the nutrient balance is similar in the pine and spruce stands, despite differences in stand productivities, and thus the absolute amount of nutrients removed. In addition to the impact of intensive harvesting, both sites are characterized by high seepage losses of base cations, further impairing the nutrient budget. While intensive biomass extraction causes detrimental effects on many key soil ecological properties, our calculations may serve to implement measures to improve the nutrient balance in forested ecosystems.

A growing interest in using forest biomass for bioenergy generation may stimulate intensive harvesting scenarios in Germany. We calculated and compared nutrient exports of conventional stem only (SO), whole tree without needles (WT excl. needles), and whole tree (WT) harvesting in two medium aged Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands differing in productivity, and related them to soil nutrient pools and fluxes at the study sites. We established allometric biomass functions for each aboveground tree compartment and analyzed their nutrient contents. We analyzed soil nutrient stocks, estimated weathering rates, and obtained deposition and seepage data from nearby Level II stations. WT (excl. needles) and WT treatments cause nutrient losses 1.5 to 3.6 times higher than SO, while the biomass gain is only 1.18 to 1.25 in case of WT (excl. needles) and 1.28 to 1.30 in case of WT in the pine and spruce stand, respectively. Within the investigated 25-year period, WT harvesting would cause exports of N, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ of 6.6, 8.8, 5.4, and 0.8 kg·ha−1 in the pine stand and 13.9, 7.0, 10.6, and 1.8 kg·ha−1 in the spruce stand annually. The relative impact of WT and WT (excl. needles) on the nutrient balance is similar in the pine and spruce stands, despite differences in stand productivities, and thus the absolute amount of nutrients removed. In addition to the impact of intensive harvesting, both sites are characterized by high seepage losses of base cations, further impairing the nutrient budget. While intensive biomass extraction causes detrimental effects on many key soil ecological properties, our calculations may serve to implement measures to improve the nutrient balance in forested ecosystems.