Understanding the asymmetry in core collapse supernova explosions is pointed out by various astrophysicists as it is the key factor in determining the observational properties of the pulsars. The initial kick given by the ex- plosion to the pulsar affects its spin period and space velocity. Up to now, although the observations do not show a direct relation between the observational features of the pulsar and its space velocity, they show a clear relation between the spin period and the magnetic field strength, hence its radiation processes. In this thesis, as the method, tracing the companions of progenitors if they were in close binaries, which becomes a runaway star after the supernova explosion was chosen. Over the candidates selected in Guseinov et al (2005), the spectral types of 11 runaway candidates from 7 supernova remnants determined through analyzing their spectroscopic observations. Radial velocity determination was applied to the discovered B6V type star GSC 03156-01430 inside the supernova remnant G78.2+2.1. Also by studying the proper motion data, we compared the motion of the runaway star and the related pulsar in order to determine the asymmetry in the supernova explosion. The neutron star PSR 2021+4026 is moving with a 2-D velocity of &sim / 580 km/s with respect to the rest frame of its birth association Cyg OB9. &sim / 550 km/s more than expected in the symmetric case. Re-constructing the pre-supernova binary shows that the asymmetry in the supernova explosion does not depend on the binarity.

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine Datenstruktur zur Darstellung einer Booleschen Funktion "TVL-Tupel" präsentiert, die im Ergebnis einer Kombination der bekannten Datenstrukturen Entscheidungsgraph und Ternärvektorliste entsteht. Zuerst wird untersucht, wie lokale Phasenlisten sich als Elemente des Tupels eignen. Weiterhin wird die neue Dekompositionsart ("Tupel-Dekomposition") einer Boolesche Funktion in drei bzw. vier Teilfunktionen vorgestellt. Die Besonderheit der Teilfunktionen der Dekomposition besteht in ihrer Orthogonalität zueinander. Der Vorteil der Dekomposition von Funktionen mit einer hohen Anzahl von Konjunktionen besteht im geringeren Speicherplatzbedarf. Des weiteren wurden Algorithmen für Realisierung der Operationen entwickelt, die für eine Handhabung der zerlegten Funktionen erforderlich sind. Der detaillierte Vergleich der Berechnungszeiten für die Operationen erbringt den Nachweis, dass eine Verringerung des Zeitbedarfs als Folge der Zerlegung zu erwarten ist. Weiterhin bietet die Dekomposition einen Ansatz für den Entwurf von Algorithmen, die eine parallele Bearbeitung auf der Grundlage verteilter Rechentechnik zulassen. Die Erkenntnisse der Untersuchungen der Tupel-Dekomposition einschließlich der Verwendung der verteilen Verarbeitung können beispielsweise für die Suche der Variablenmengen der OR-Bi-Decomposition verwendet werden.

Public facility centers were built at every housing estate as a background for a quality life, but they are not given much attention nowadays. At the same time, their central location, certain architectural qualities and load-bearing structure are good input attributes for the site's development. In my diploma thesis, I chose one such complex in Brno-Řečkovice to show on how to revitalize such objects. I make it a full-fledged part of the city district and at the same time a space that cerate its center.

La proximité (= 300 pc du Soleil) et son intense activité de formation d'étoiles, font du complexe de Persée une région unique pour l'étude détaillée des interactions entre les nuages gazeux et les étoiles jeunes. Nous avons étudié au moyen de comptages d'étoiles et ,d'observation de molécules (CO,13 CO ,C18 0, HCO+, H13CO+, NH 3 , HC 3 N) la quasi-totalité du complexe. Dans le nuage moléculaire, nous distinguons 10 condensations (AV ~ 2- 3 mag), de quelques centaines de masses solaires chacune, où se trouvent des coeurs denses (nH2 = 1- 4 10 4 cm- 3 ). Le pourcentage de la masse dans ces coeurs est 2- 5 % de la masse totale. L'émission de 13 CO (J=1-0) est très bien correlée à l'extinction visuelle (dans l'intervalle 1 <= AV <=5 mag ). Cet isotope apparaît comme le traceur privilégié des nuages étendus. Nous mettons en évidence un fort accroissement de la température du gaz au bord nord - est du nuage. Ce chauffage est vraisemblablement dû au champ ultraviolet intense des étoiles 0 et B du voisinage. Le changement systématique de vitesse observé dans le nuage de Persée est expliqué par un mouvement d'expansion. Cet hypothèse s'accorde bien à la distribution à plus grande échelle observée en HI. L'explosion d'une supernova, il y a quelques millions d'années, pourraît être à l'origine de l'expansion.

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Star and stellar cluster formation in spiral galaxies is one of the biggest questions of astrophysics. In this thesis, I study how star formation, and the formation of stellar clusters, proceeds using SPH simulations. These simulations model a region of 400 pc and 107 solar masses. Star formation is modelled through the use of sink particles which represent small groups of stars. Star formation occurs in high density regions, created by galactic spiral arm passage. The spiral shock compresses the gas and generates high density regions. Once these regions attain sufficiently high density, self-gravity becomes dominant and drives collapse and star formation. The regions fragment hierarchically, forming local small groups of stars. These fall together to form clusters, which grow through subsequent mergers and large scale gas infall. As the individual star formation occurs over large distances before forming a stellar cluster, this process can result in significant age spreads of 1-2 Myrs. One protocluster is found to fail to merge due to the large scale tidal forces from the nearby regions, and instead expands forming a dispersed population of young stars such as an OB association.

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine Datenstruktur zur Darstellung einer Booleschen Funktion &amp;quot;TVL-Tupel&amp;quot; präsentiert, die im Ergebnis einer Kombination der bekannten Datenstrukturen Entscheidungsgraph und Ternärvektorliste entsteht. Zuerst wird untersucht, wie lokale Phasenlisten sich als Elemente des Tupels eignen. Weiterhin wird die neue Dekompositionsart (&amp;quot;Tupel-Dekomposition&amp;quot;) einer Boolesche Funktion in drei bzw. vier Teilfunktionen vorgestellt. Die Besonderheit der Teilfunktionen der Dekomposition besteht in ihrer Orthogonalität zueinander. Der Vorteil der Dekomposition von Funktionen mit einer hohen Anzahl von Konjunktionen besteht im geringeren Speicherplatzbedarf. Des weiteren wurden Algorithmen für Realisierung der Operationen entwickelt, die für eine Handhabung der zerlegten Funktionen erforderlich sind. Der detaillierte Vergleich der Berechnungszeiten für die Operationen erbringt den Nachweis, dass eine Verringerung des Zeitbedarfs als Folge der Zerlegung zu erwarten ist. Weiterhin bietet die Dekomposition einen Ansatz für den Entwurf von Algorithmen, die eine parallele Bearbeitung auf der Grundlage verteilter Rechentechnik zulassen. Die Erkenntnisse der Untersuchungen der Tupel-Dekomposition einschließlich der Verwendung der verteilen Verarbeitung können beispielsweise für die Suche der Variablenmengen der OR-Bi-Decomposition verwendet werden.

Orientador: Patricia Fernanda Felipe Pinheiro / Resumo: A programação fetal (PF) é o resultado permanente do organismo na presença de estímulos ocorridos durante os períodos críticos de desenvolvimento. Vários fatores ambientais podem levar à PF. Entre eles, podemos citar a restrição alimentar materna ou a deficiência específica de nutrientes. De acordo com a janela de programação fetal masculinizante (MPW), os andrógenos agem para assegurar o desenvolvimento normal dos órgãos reprodutores do macho, assim, foram estudados os efeitos da restrição proteica materna durante a gestação e lactação sobre o desenvolvimento da próstata ventral de ratos Wistar. Para isto, dois grupos de ratas gestantes foram alimentadas com dietas isocalóricas, sendo um grupo normoproteico (NP) e o outro grupo hipoproteico (RP). Os grupos NP e RP tiveram livre acesso à dieta durante os períodos de gestação e lactação. Após o desmame, metade da prole de machos foi eutanasiada. A outra metade da prole de machos recebeu dieta padrão de animais de laboratório até os 120 dias de idade. A próstata ventral foi estudada por imuno-histoquímica para a avaliação da localização do antígeno de proliferação celular (PCNA), da proteína p63, dos receptores de andrógeno (AR), de estrógeno alfa (ER-α), de grelina (GHSR-1a), de leptina (Ob -R). Os pesos corpóreo, da próstata ventral, dos testículos e do tecido adiposo e os níveis de testosterona e estradiol foram obtidos. A PF determinou atraso no crescimento somático dos animais do grupo RP e diminuição do estradiol plasmáti... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Fetal programming (FP) is the permanent result of the organism in the presence of stimuli during the periods of development. Several environmental factors can lead to FP. Among them, we can mention the maternal food restriction or deficiency of specific nutrients. According to the masculinization programming window (MPW) in which androgens act to ensure normal development of the male reproductive organs, we studied the effects of maternal protein restriction during pregnancy and lactation period on the development of the Wistar rat ventral prostate. Dams of the group (NP) were fed diet containing 17% protein; Dams of the group (RP) were fed diet containing 8% protein. The NP and RP groups had free access to diet during pregnancy and lactation period. After weaning, half of the male pups was killed. The other half of male pups received a standard laboratory diet until 120 days old. The ventral prostate was studied immunohistochemically to evaluate the expression of cell proliferation antigen (PCNA), p63 protein, androgen (AR), alpha estrogen (ER-α), ghrelin (GHSR-1a), leptin (Ob -R) receptors. The body, ventral prostate, testes and adipose tissue weights, testosterone and estradiol levels were determined. FP determined a delay somatic growth of the RP group and decrease of the plasmatic estradiol of the adult animals of the RP group. At 21 days of age, the RP group presented less intense immunostaining for ER-α, GHSR-1a, and Ob-R when compared to the NP group. At 120 days, the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Dans cette thèse, des complexes [Re(N^N)(CO)3X]n+ ont été conçus pour différentes applications. Dans le premier chapitre, l’impact de différentes modifications sur le ligand N^N ou le ligand X sur les propriétés photophysiques des complexes a été étudié. Dans le second chapitre, une série de nouveaux complexes a été conçue et étudiée comme catalyseurs homogènes/hétérogènes pour l’électroréduction du CO2. Dans le dernier chapitre, nous avons introduit un ligand diimine pour la coordination au Re en tant que lien dans la macrocyclisation de peptidomimétiques pour la modulation d’interaction protéine-protéine. / In this thesis, [Re(N^N)(CO)3X]n+ complexes were designed towards different applications. In the first chapter, the impact of different modifications on either the N^N ligand or the X ligand on the photophysical properties were studied experimentally and computationally. In the second chapter, we designed and studied a series of new Re complexes as homogeneous/heterogeneous catalysts for CO2 electroreduction and their catalytic abilities were evaluated. In the last chapter, the introduction of a Re complex as macrocyclic linker in macrocyclic peptidomimetics is used to both stabilize the active secondary structure and introduce imaging modalities towards modulation of protein-protein interactions.

Background Up to 34% of perinatal individuals experience childbirth as traumatic. These individuals are at increased risk for developing depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after the traumatic event. The objective of this study was to elicit the perspectives of individuals with a traumatic birth experience on barriers and facilitators to receiving mental health support in the postpartum period after a traumatic delivery. Methods Individuals who delivered within the last three years and perceived their birth experience to be traumatic (n=32) completed an hour-long semi-structured phone interview. The interview included screening for PTSD, depression, and anxiety with validated instruments including the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-V (PCL-5), the Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale (PHQ-8), and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), respectively. Qualitative data was analyzed using a modified grounded theory characterizing participants’ barriers and recommendations for mental health support after traumatic births. Results Among participants, 34.4% screened positive for PTSD, 18.8% screened positive for major depressive disorder, and 34.4% screened positive for anxiety. Qualitative themes revealed multi-level barriers involving lack of communication, education, and resources which prevented obstetric professionals from recognizing and supporting patients’ mental health needs after a traumatic birth. Recommendations from participants included that 1) obstetric professionals should acknowledge trauma experienced by any individual after childbirth, 2) providers of multiple disciplines need to be integrated into postpartum care, and 3) mental health support is needed before the ambulatory postpartum visit. Conclusions There are multi-level barriers toward detecting and responding to individuals’ mental health needs after a traumatic birth. Obstetric professionals need to use a trauma-informed approach and proactively follow-up and assess mental health care in the postpartum period.