The aim of this study is to examine how the library of the Swedish Tax Agency and the Swedish Enforcment Authority have changed during the last decade. The study is based on qualitative interviews with the librarian in the two goverment agencies’ primary library and four personel from three different office libraries. The result shows that the libraries hasn’t changed drastically in their role over the last decade but instead slowly decreased in use in relation to online databases. / Program: Bibliotekarie

No description available.

Ovine placental lactogen (oPL) is postulated to be involved in the repartitioning of maternal nutrients during pregnancy, through its effect on insulin metabolism. Ovine pancreatic insulin responses to exogenous glucose are depressed during pregnancy and this depression becomes more pronounced as gestation advances. In addition, under the hormonal environment of rising oPL and growth hormone (oGH) concentrations, maternal whole body glucose irreversible loss (GIL) increases. The percentage of GIL accounted for by uterine glucose uptake also increases with advancing gestation and increasing litter size. Regression analysis of oPL concentration with glucose uterine uptake as a percentage of GIL, accounts for 39% of variation. Maternal oPL concentrations which increase with gestational age, were significantly greater in multiple bearing ewes and ewes subjected to reduced metabolisable energy (ME) intakes. It is postulated that through actions on pancreatic sensitivity, oPL plays a major role as a homeorhetic control during pregnancy. Elevated oPL concentrations were strongly associated with continually depressed pancreatic insulin secretory ability. The reduction in pancreatic sensitivity to glucose was not as a result of elevation in GH or non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations. Muscle insulin receptor number and affinity were found to increase with increasing litter size, suggesting that pregnancy associated insulin resistance occurs predominantly in adipose tissue. During ovine pregnancy there is a specific stimulation of maternal gluconeogenesis. As gestation advances, an increasingly greater proportion of this glucose is partitioned to the gravid uterus. The development of insulin resistance, together with the suppression of pancreatic activity, ensures the preferential uptake of glucose by non-insulin dependent tissues over insulin dependent tissues. These activities favour uterine glucose uptake, decrease adipose glucose uptake, and also promote adipose mobilisation and hepatic gluconeogenesis, so as to meet the increasing energy requirement of pregnancy. It is postulated that through these effects on insulin secretion and associated adipose tissue mobilisation factors, oPL plays a major role in homeorhesis during pregnancy. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Memoria (para optar al grado de magíster) / La actividad formativa que se presenta busca primeramente mostrar la falta de seguridad jurídica que se observa en los tribunales en la determinación de los supuestos contractuales que admiten la aplicación del orden público laboral. En segundo lugar, plantear un argumento jurídico laboral estable para fijar los supuestos de aplicación del orden público laboral que otorguen previsibilidad a las partes y, principalmente, al empleador, teniendo para ello presente elementos interpretativos propios del Derecho general y común. En tercer lugar, se analizará críticamente la aplicación del orden público laboral por parte de la Inspección del Trabajo, donde desde la óptica de Derecho Administrativo Sancionador se constata que existen graves violaciones a la base de juridicidad de los actos públicos y concretamente a las garantías que se tienen frente al ius puniendi estatal, tales cómo reserva legal, tipicidad y garantías de debido proceso. Por último, realizaremos una crítica a otro fenómeno que ha venido a desvanecer las posibilidades de certeza que demanda todo empleador, nos referimos al contenido del eslogan “ciudadanía en la empresa,” donde se ha tergiversado la teoría liberal de la Constitución, contradiciendo y aplacando nuestro Estado de Derecho con categorías dogmáticas mal concebidas, que han llevado a un debilitamiento del legislador democrático y a una posición privilegiada de una superada justicia de equidad, emanada de un juez que bajo los modelos neoconstitucionalistas se le permite crear obligaciones sin fuente formal, como también desconocer la licitud de fuentes autónomas so pretexto de una eventual inconstitucionalidad o aparente ilicitud. Así, buscamos en el presente trabajo una aproximación práctica, en el sentido de desnudar las diversas aristas reales que día a día llenan de incertidumbre al empleador y donde éste se ve expuesto a intervenciones concretas contrarias a nuestro ordenamiento jurídico. En este orden de ideas, en la presente actividad formativa el caso práctico es “problemas actuales de certeza en la aplicación del orden público laboral para el empleador”, compuesto de tres cuestiones menores acaecidas en tres instancias diversas explicadas desde diferentes realidades dogmáticas que convergen y demuestran la interdisciplinariedad olvidada del Derecho del Trabajo.

Detta arbete behandlar mobilpositionering och relaterade tjänster, så kallade location-based services. Syftet med arbetet är att undersöka hur mobilpositionering kommer att utvecklas i takt med att nya mobilsystem tillåter mer avancerade mobila tjänster. En applikation, Finder Client har utvecklats för att kunna visa vänners positioner på en handdators karta. Kartorna som används finns i färdiga ruttplaneringsprodukter som installeras på handdatorn. Positioneringen sker via en GSM-telefon och SMS. Syftet är även att visa att man kan spara data på handdatorn för att göra intelligentare applikationer. Utvecklingen har gjorts i OPL för en Psion 5mx handdator. OPL är inbyggt i Psion och liknar språk som Pascal och Basic. Slutsatsen är att det går bra att utveckla en Finder klient för handdatorer men det vore mer användarvänligt att utveckla den för en kombinerad handator och mobiltelefon, en så kallad Smart Phone. Man kan också tänka sig att GSM-positionering blir en del av ett ruttplaneringsprogram precis som GPS-positionering är idag. En marknadsundersökning har utförts i examensarbetet. Det kan konstateras att en kombination av GSM- och GPS-positionering kommer troligen att vara lyckosammast i framtiden. De drivande krafterna inom mobilpositionering är den amerikanska statens påbud att alla mobiltelefoner ska kunna positioneras vid alarmsamtal (E911) samt att mobiltelefonoperatörerna ser tjänsterna som en ny potentiell inkomstkälla. Det är mycket svårt att säga vilka tjänster som kommer att bli populära i framtiden. Lösningar som riktar sig till ungdomar, underhållningsbranchen och mot att navigera/spåra fordon ser dock mycket intressanta ut. Det är troligt att positionering kommer att utgöra en liten del i många framtida mobila tjänster. ABSTRACT This work deals with the aspects of location-based services. The aim is to investigate how mobile positioning is going to develop in relation to the fact that new mobile system allows more advanced mobile services. An application, an enhanced Finder Client is developed. It uses maps to display friends’ positions on a handheld computer (PDA). The maps are off-the-shelf route planning products that are installed on the PDA. The positioning is made using a GSM mobile phone and SMS as a means for communication. The aim is also to show that it is possible to store large amounts of data on the PDA to make more intelligent applications. The development is performed in OPL on a Psion 5mx handheld computer. OPL is Psion’s built-in programming language, quite similar to languages like Pascal and Basic. The conclusion is that it is possible to develop a Finder Client for handheld computers but it would be more user-friendly to develop the client on a combined mobile phone and a PDA: a Smart Phone. It can also be possible to incorporate GSM positioning into the map software just as GPS positioning is a part of them today. A market overview has also been performed. The conclusion is that a combination of GSM and GPS positioning is probably the most successful solution for the future. The driving force is the Federal Communications Commissions, FCCs E911 decree, which regulates that all emergency calls from a mobile phone must be able to be positioned. Another aspect is that the mobile operators consider location-based services to be a new source for income. It is difficult to estimate which solutions that are going to be popular in the future. Services focusing on the youth, entertainment and vehicle navigation/tracking seems however to be the most interesting. It is likely to believe that mobile positioning is going to be a small part in many mobile services in the future. / Validerat; 20101217 (root)

Lasers are increasingly used for a wide range of different applications for both civil and military purposes. Due to the distinct properties of laser light, use of lasers often comes with a risk of damage to the human eye and other optical sensors. Therefore, an effective laser protection is needed. 2D-materials is a relatively new class of materials, which have shown to possess many unique properties compared to its bulk counterparts. Some 2D-materials exhibit nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, and specifically optical power limiting (OPL) effects, and have therefore been researched for laser protection applications. In this work, two different 2D-materials, MXene Ti3C2 and graphene oxide (GO), have been combined with a hybrid organic-inorganic polymer, a so called melting gel (MG), to synthesise nanocomposites possessing OPL effects for laser protection applications. Different methods of incorporating the 2D-materials in the polymer matrix as well as the effect on optical properties of different concentrations of 2D-materials were investigated. The prepared nanocomposites were characterised using optical microscopy, spectroscopy and OPL measurements in order to investigate and quantify their linear and nonlinear optical properties. The MG was optically clear, mechanically stable and easy to synthesise, which makes it a suitable candidate as a matrix for a laser protection nanocomposite. Additionally, it was possible to dope the MG with the two different 2D-materials to create nanocomposites showing desirable optical properties in the visible spectrum. However, many samples showed signs of clustered 2D-particles indicating that the dispersion could be improved. Finally, OPL measurements, performed at 532 nm, showed that the MG itself exhibited OPL effects, both 2D-materials showed a stronger OPL effect than the non-doped MG and that GO-doped samples gave a better protection than the MXene samples.