Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-08-01T14:10:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GislainyLaiseDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 1616742 bytes, checksum: 156b6c84b565ea2cb6b2d8a4bda05573 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-08-08T12:22:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 GislainyLaiseDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 1616742 bytes, checksum: 156b6c84b565ea2cb6b2d8a4bda05573 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-08T12:22:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GislainyLaiseDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 1616742 bytes, checksum: 156b6c84b565ea2cb6b2d8a4bda05573 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-30 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Antes da consolida??o de uma reserva de meio de hospedagem, existem diversos fatores que influenciam um consumidor, como as experi?ncias j? vivenciadas, as informa??es adquiridas, as quais com o passar do tempo vem se tornando cada vez mais sofisticadas. Desta maneira, o presente estudo objetivou analisar a percep??o dos consumidores sobre a utiliza??o das Online Travel Agencies (OTA) para reservar um meio de hospedagem. Para tanto se descreveu o perfil destes consumidores, verificando a frequ?ncia de uso das OTA?s quanto ao tipo de viagem, como tamb?m comparando suas opini?es em rela??o ao tipo de viagem e os fatores que influenciam em sua escolha. Dessa forma, nesta pesquisa, caracterizada como descritiva e explorat?ria, com abordagem quantitativa, foram utilizados estudos anteriores realizados em outros pa?ses, tais como Law (2009) e Del Chiappa (2013). Na coleta final foram obtidos 131 question?rios com h?spedes de hot?is em Natal/RN. A an?lise dos dados foi realizada atrav?s de estat?sticas descritivas, como tamb?m compara??o de m?dias (ANOVA) para analisar os objetivos tra?ados na pesquisa, e do teste Tukey para verificar se realmente existem diferen?as de m?dias entre os grupos. Dentre os principais resultados, foi poss?vel verificar que a maioria dos respondentes (59%) faz parte do grupo dos consumidores ocasionais de OTA?s, seguidos dos moderados (30,6%) e um n?mero pequeno (9,9%) faz parte do grupo dos consumidores frequentes. Em rela??o ao tipo de viagem pode-se concluir que viagens nacionais e de lazer s?o os tipos mais visados pelos consumidores ao efetuar reservas em OTA?s. Tais resultados contribu?ram para serem inferidas recomenda??es para gestores de empreendimentos tur?sticos, como ag?ncias de viagens tradicionais e online. / Prior to consolidating a reservation of accommodation, there are several factors that influence consumers, such as their experiences, information acquired, which over time has become increasingly sophisticated. In this way, the present study aimed to analyze the perception of consumers about the use of Online Travel Agencies (OTA) to make a hotel reservation. The profile of these consumers was described, verifying the frequency of use of OTAs in relation to the type of trip, as well as comparing their opinions regarding the type of trip and the factors that influence their choice. Thus, in this research, characterized as descriptive and exploratory, with a quantitative approach, other previous studies carried out in other countries were used to support this research, such as Law (2009) and Del Chiappa (2013). In the final data collection, 131 questionnaires were obtained with hotel guests in Natal/RN. Data analysis was performed through descriptive statistics, as well as comparison of averages (ANOVA) to analyze the objectives outlined in the research, and Tukey test to verify if there were any differences among the average of the groups. Among the main results, it was possible to verify that the majority of respondents (59%) are part of the consumers occasional of OTAs, followed by moderates ones (30.6%) and a small number (9.9%) of frequent consumers. Regarding the type of travel, it can be concluded that national and leisure travel are the most targeted by consumers when making reservations at OTAs. These results contributed to inferring recommendations for managers of tourism enterprises, such as traditional and online travel agencies.

Cette thèse étudie les technologies porteuses de la 5ème génération de communication mobile telle que le MIMO et Massive MIMO ainsi que les divers challenges amenés par l’apparition de ces nouvelles technologies. Dans ce but un banc de mesure spécifique pour la caractérisation des performances des antennes MIMO en WLAN et LTE a été mis en œuvre. Dans un premier temps le banc de mesure a été réalisé à partir d’instruments de mesures Rhodes & Schwarz ; L’opportunité de travailler avec EURECOM nous a amenés à développer un second banc de test en utilisant l’OpenAirInterface, une plateforme open-source exploitant des systèmes de radio par logiciel. Nous avons conçu et réalisé une série de prototypes de routeur Wifi constitués de huit antennes. Chaque prototype est réalisé à partir d’antennes différentes (imprimées, 3D…). Nous avons également réalisé une seconde série prototype de routeur Wifi constitué de huit antennes imprimées sur plastique grâce à la technologie LDS. Une campagne de mesure a été réalisée avec ces prototypes sur le banc de test évoqué ci-dessus pour extraire des critères de performance antennaire utiles pour les applications MIMO. Ces études ont pour objectif d’apporter des éléments d’optimisation sur les techniques MIMO d’un point de vue antennaire. Une seconde partie de cette thèse est dédiée aux fréquences millimétriques qui sont au cœur de la 5G. Nous avons conçu un prototype de téléphone constitué de quatre antennes millimétriques. Une mesure permettant de prendre en compte les interférences avec le corps humain a été mise en place pour étudier les contraintes liées à l’implantation d’antennes millimétriques dans les futurs terminaux mobiles. / This PhD thesis studies the technologies of the 5th generation of mobile communication such as MIMO and Massive MIMO as well as the various challenges brought by the appearance of these new technologies. For this purpose, a specific test bench for characterizing the performance of MIMO antennas in WLAN and LTE has been implemented. The first the setup was made from Rhodes & Schwarz measuring instruments. The opportunity to work with EURECOM led us to develop a second test bench using the OpenAirInterface, an open-source platform exploiting software-based radio systems. We designed and built a series of Wi-Fi router prototypes consisting of eight antennas. Each prototype is made from different antennas (printed, 3D ...). We also produced a second series of Wi-Fi router prototypes consisting of eight antennas printed on plastic using LDS technology. A measurement campaign was carried out with these prototypes on the test bench mentioned above to extract useful antenna performance criteria for MIMO applications. These studies aim to provide optimization elements on MIMO techniques from an antenna point of view. A second part of this thesis is dedicated to the millimeter frequencies that are at the heart of 5G. We designed a mobile phone prototype consisting of four millimeter antennas. A measure to take into account the interference with the human body has been put in place to study the constraints related to the implementation of millimeter antennas in future mobile terminals.

Operational amplifier will be designed and optimized with respect to set of required parameters. Real CMOS technology (available at Department of Microelectronics) will be used for designed OTA circuit and its simulations. Designed OTA will be used as universal operation amplifier configurable block in FPAA (field-programmable analog array) structures.

This thesis focuses on the measurement with the help of sampling cards and determination of the basic parameters of the measured signal. There will be described basic characteristics of the used card Alazartech ATS860- 256M and brief description of the programming languages which will control the cards. In these environments there were the created driving programs for the operation of these cards. Main measuring program was created in the language C\C++, that shall work as oscilloscope and the same time as spectral analyzer. This programme will determine basic characteristics of the measured signal. Further there will be created simple preparation for memasuring with this card. In the conclusion of this thesis will create instrutions for laboratory exercise.

Operational amplifier will be designed and optimized with respect to set of required parameters. Real CMOS technology (available at Department of Microelectronics) will be used for designed OTA circuit and its simulations. Designed OTA will be used as universal operation amplifier configurable block in FPAA (field-programmable analog array) structures.

This thesis is focused on the design, analysis and realization of new oscillator and generator circuits using electronically adjustable active elements. In the opening discussion the aspects of distribution, proposal, properties and oscillation conditions of generators and oscillators are theoretically described. Next, there are presented some electronically adjustable active elements which appear to be suitable for construction of the oscillators and generators. This covers in particular the Operational Transconductance Amplifier OTA, Voltage Control Amplifier VCA and Digitally Adjustable Current Amplifier DACA. Using these elements the six oscillators and two functional generators are presented. Simulation results and design methods are included. Next part is focused on practical realization and measurement. At the end of the thesis the measurement and simulation results are discussed and compared.

Abstract The present dissertation analyzes the role of the fairy tale in the literary works of the Czech author Ota Pavel. Ota Pavel (1930–1973) started as a sports reporter and later became a popular and esteemed writer of fiction, mainly short stories. His works have been translated to many languages, among them Swedish. The study consists of a biographical reading of Ota Pavel’s texts and a discussion of the function of the fairy tale in his stories. My analysis of his literary development and use of various prose elements is based on narratological theories of the fairy tale – Karel Čapek’s motifs and fairytale characters, Gérard Genette’s paratexts and Vladimir Propp’s functions and dramatis personae – and includes remarks on the function of diminutives, etc. Ota Pavel is also viewed in the context of the literary landscape of his time – the 1960s and 1970s – and the reception of his work is discussed. Pavel’s stories contain a number of characteristic features which together form his unique style: direct allusions and references to fairy tales--for example, fairies and witches – and the linguistic markers and distinctive use of the narrator’s voice. One of the most common characters in Ota Pavel’s work is the hero, who, often with the assistance of magical objects or supernatural helpers, defeats supernatural antagonists or solves impossible tasks. Developing and growing as he – the hero is usually male–strives toward his goal, Pavel’s protagonist struggles not with dragons and giants, but with himself and his own difficulties and misfortunes. Earlier research refers to Ota Pavel’s two “genres”: sports prose and retrospective, or “memory” prose. This study shows that the boundary between the two is fluid, and that all Pavel’s work might be called memory prose. The title of this thesis – Ota Pavels sagovärld (The Fairytale World of Ota Pavel) – indicates the perspective from which the subject is approached. On the one hand, it alludes to the influence of the fairy tale on Pavel’s work, while on the other it points to the fact that his own life was such that he sometimes needed to retreat into a fantasy world of his own. Keywords: Tjeckisk litteratur, saga, Ota Pavel, narratologi, Tjeckoslovakien

No description available.

Nous présentons dans ce manuscrit un neurone électronique expérimental basé sur le modèle complet de Morris-Lecar sans simplifications, afin d’obtenir une cellule de base pour étudier l’association collective de neurones couplés. La conception du circuit est donnée en détail selon les différents courants ioniques du modèle. Les résultats expérimentaux sont comparés aux prédictions théoriques, conduisant à un bon accord, ce qui valide donc notre circuit. Nous présentons les différents domaines de bifurcation selon les paramètres de contrôle, la capacité membranaire et le courant d’excitation. Nous avons mis en évidence le comportement du neurone pour chaque zone de paramétrage. Un couplage de ces neurones est introduit en utilisant des simulations Pspice (Multisim) où les neurones ont été conçus pour être les mêmes qu’expérimentalement. Premièrement, nous avons simulé une chaîne fermée de 26 neurones faiblement couplés le long de laquelle les ondes se propagent avec des phases en opposition 2 à 2. Pour cette première étude, on travaille dans une zone présentant uniquement un cycle limite stable. Deuxièmement, une dizaine de neurones sont couplés, avec un choix de paramètres correspondant à une deuxième zone où il y a deux attracteurs, un cycle limite stable et un point fixe stable, tandis qu’entre eux se trouve un cycle instable. Selon le nombre de neurones qui oscillent initialement et les conditions aux bords, nos études montrent que le système évolue vers un état où seuls 1, 2 ou 3 neurones restent à l’état oscillatoire, tandis que les autres sont retournés à un état de repos, ce qui met en évidence un phénomène de clusterisation. Il est à noter que certaines parties de notre circuit de base peuvent ainsi être utilisées dans d’autres modèles de neurones, car ces parties correspondent à la production des divers courants ioniques qu’on retrouve dans d’autres modèles. / We present in this manuscript an experimental electronic neuron based on complete Morris-Lecar model without simplifications, able to become an experimental unit tool to study collective association of robust coupled neurons. The circuit design is given in details according to the ionic currents of this model. The experimental results are compared with the theoretical prediction, leading to a good agreement between them, which therefore validates the circuit. We present the different areas according to the bifurcation control parameters, the membrane capacitance and the excitation current. We have highlighted the behavior of the neuron for each parameters zone. A coupling of such neurons is introduced by using Pspice simulations (Multisim) where neurons have been designed to be the same as the experimental one. First, we simulate a chain of up to 26 neurons weakly coupled along which anti-phase wave patterns propagate with phases in opposition 2 to 2. Second, about ten neurons are coupled, and we succeed to generate clusters based on the boundary conditions of theneurons and their initial conditions. For this study, we work in the region close to the fold bifurcation of limit cycles, where two limit cycles exist, one being stable and another one unstable. Our studies show that the system evolves to a state where only 1, 2 or 3 neurons remain in the oscillatory state, while others returned to a state of rest, which highlights a phenomenon of clustering. The use of some parts of the circuit is also possible for other neuron models, namely for those based on ionic currents.

There are growing industrial demands for low-voltage supply and low-power consumption circuits and systems. This is especially true for very high integration level and very large scale integrated (VLSI) mixed-signal chips and system-on-a-chip. It is mainly due to the limited power dissipation within a small area and the costs related to the packaging and thermal management. In this research work, two low-voltage, low-power integrated circuits used for data communication systems are introduced. The first one is a high performance continuous-time linear phase filter with automatic frequency tuning. The filter can be used in hard disk driver systems and wired communication systems such as 1000Base-T transceivers. A pseudo-differential operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) based on transistors operating in triode region is used to achieve a large linear signal swing with low-voltage supplies. A common-mode (CM) control circuit that combines common-mode feedback (CMFB), common-mode feedforward (CMFF), and adaptive-bias has been proposed. With a 2.3V single supply, the filter’s total harmonic distortion is less than –44dB for a 2VPP differential input, which is due to the well controlled CM behavior. The ratio of the root mean square value of the ac signal to the power supply voltage is around 31%, which is much better than previous realizations. The second integrated circuit includes two LVDS drivers used for high-speed point-to-point links. By removing the stacked switches used in the conventional structures, both LVDS drivers can operate with ultra low-voltage supplies. Although the Double Current Sources (DCS) LVDS driver draws twice minimum static current as required by the signal swing, it is quite simple and achieves very high speed operation. The Switchable Current Sources (SCS) LVDS driver, by dynamically switching the current sources, draws minimum static current and reduces the power consumption by 60% compared to the previously reported LVDS drivers. Both LVDS drivers are compliant to the standards and operate at data rates up to gigabits-per-second.