Title: Active lifestyle of young school-age children Objectives: The aim of this study is to explore, whether the younger school age children are kept to an active and healthy lifestyle. To find out, whether the kids have enough physical activity, how they eat and how much time they spend at the computer or TV. Methods: The quantitative and qualitative methods were used in my research. The qualitative data were collected through surveys and quantitative data were obtained via step counting by using a pedometer. A measurement was used as an empirical method. Measurements were held in the months of May-June and October-November 2015. Results: It was examined a total of 160 children. 14 of them are obese and 9 are overweight. The rest of the students has an optimal weight, eat adequately and has enough physical activity. Obese children spend their free time at the computer or television and have no hobbies or sports activity. Keywords: lifestyle, obesity, energy balance, causes, prevention, consequences, pedometer, children, parents, physical activity, healthy diet

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:32:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriane Ramiro.pdf: 2720180 bytes, checksum: 25b41f0d97d54cf7a37045e161d7b7ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-11-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The concern regarding the over-weight and obesity is recent. Among the factors that justify the incorporation of this trend into the public health problems we have: the phenomenon of nutrition transition, the fact that obesity is seen as a chronic non transmissible disease and the complexity involved in the etiology of this disease. However, the format by how the discourse of health promotion , more specifically, the policies regarding healthy food and physical activity that are being incorporated by the society, are generating practices each time more totalitarians about healthy life styles generating anguish and excess of control over people s behavior. Therefore, based at the epistemological reference, theory and methodology of the constructionist branch of the Discursive Psychology, this research aims to understand in what measure the discourse about obesity prevention and Healthy life style promotions act as Governmentality strategies , controlling the behavior of people. This study also aims (1) understand the relationship between embodiment and subjectivity; (2) understand the resonance of the directives on the policy of health promotion have in the day-to-day practices and care with the body weight and (3) understand the main tensions between (acceptance) and resistance to the conventional healthy body. To put in context the discourse that emphasize and sustain the excess of weight as a problem of public health, were used official documents from the World Health Organization (OMS) and Ministry of Health (MS) and to learn the resonance of such policies of obesity prevention and physical activity and Healthy food promotions it was developed 10 semi-structured interviews, recorded in Audio (with free consent from the participants). The interviews were integrally transcribed and analyzed in accordance to thematic axis that were structured from our goals and that compose the dialogic maps. Our empiric material indicated towards more to the acceptance of be healthy , emphasizing physical exercises and healthy food adaption. Nevertheless, in some interviews, although only a few, the indicated the possibility of resistance and to the reflection of our relations with our bodies and with ourselves, destabilizing truths that today seemed solid, for instance, that the healthy body is a thin one / A preocupação com o excesso de peso e obesidade é recente. Dentre os fatores que justificam a incorporação desse acontecimento como problema de saúde pública temos: o fenômeno da transição nutricional, o fato de a obesidade ser considerada uma doença crônica não transmissível e a complexidade dos aspectos envolvidos na etiologia dessa doença. Entretanto, a forma como o discurso da promoção da saúde, mais especificamente, as políticas sobre alimentação saudável e atividade física vem sendo incorporadas pela sociedade, tem gerado práticas cada vez mais totalitárias sobre estilos de vida saudáveis gerando angústia e controlando de forma excessiva o comportamento das pessoas. Assim, com base no referencial epistemológico, teórico e metodológico da vertente construcionista da Psicologia Discursiva, essa pesquisa visa compreender em que medida o discurso sobre prevenção da obesidade e promoção de estilos de vida saudáveis atuam como estratégias de governamentalidade , controlando o comportamento das pessoas. Esse estudo visa também (1) compreender a relação entre corporeidade e subjetividade; (2) entender as ressonâncias das diretrizes das políticas de promoção da saúde nas práticas cotidianas voltadas aos cuidados com o peso corporal e (3) compreender as principais tensões entre assujeitamento e resistência ao enquadre do corpo saudável. Para contextualizar os discursos que pautam e sustentam o excesso de peso como problema de Saúde Pública foram utilizados documentos oficiais da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) e Ministério da Saúde (MS) e para apreender a ressonância de tais políticas de prevenção da obesidade e promoção de atividade física e alimentação saudável foram realizadas dez entrevistas semiestruturadas que foram gravadas em áudio (com consentimento livre das participantes). As entrevistas foram transcritas na íntegra e analisadas de acordo com eixos temáticos que partiram dos nossos objetivos e que compõem os mapas dialógicos. Nosso material empírico apontou para uma maior sujeição ao imperativo seja saudável , com ênfase na prática de atividades físicas e adoção de uma alimentação saudável. Entretanto, algumas entrevistas, ainda que poucas, apontaram para a possibilidade de resistência a partir de reflexões a respeito das relações que temos com nossos corpos e com nós mesmos, desestabilizando verdades que hoje parecem sedimentadas, por exemplo, de que o corpo saudável é o corpo magro

Objetivos: Valorar los cambios en los hábitos alimentarios de un grupo de 150 adolescentes de 2º de ESO y un grupo de 69 alumnos formadores de FP después de un programa de educación nutricional en el centro educativo donde estudian. Estudio prospectivo de cohortes en el que se han valorado los cambios en el consumo de alimentos, hábitos familiares e higiénicos y conocimientos sobre la función de los alimentos. Grupo control de 108 adolescentes de un centro educativo semejante. Variables estudiadas: Consumo de alimentos, Hábitos durante la comida, solos o en familia, y conocimiento de las funciones de los alimentos. Resultados: Análisis descriptivo de frecuencias y un test chi-cuadrado. Mejora en los hábitos alimentarios tanto en los adolescentes, como en los alumnos formadores. Hábitos alimentarios e higiénicos más equilibrados en los que comen en familia. Mejora el conocimiento sobre la función de los alimentos. Objectives: to assess the changes in the eating habits of a 150-teenager group from 2nd ESO and a group of 69 students, who are vocational trainers after a Nutrition education program in their school. It is a prospective cohort study of peer work in which several issues have been assessed, such as changes in their lifestyle, family and hygiene habits and knowledge about the different properties of varied food items. Control group o 108 teenagers in a school with similar features. Studied variables: food consumption, habits during the meals- if the students eat alone or with their families and if they know how the different nutrients work.Results: Descriptive analysis of chi-square distribution test. An improvement in the eating habits was observed not only among the teenagers but also in the peer trainer students. There are more balanced food and hygienic habits among those who eat together with their families and the knowledge has also been enhanced

No description available.

The rate of overweight and obesity among adolescents aged 12-19 years has more than tripled since 1980, and disproportionately impacts low-income and marginalized populations. Reduction in adolescent obesity rates may result in decreased health risks, decrease healthcare costs, and increased quality of life. Effective intervention methods for adolescent participants have incorporated nutrition knowledge and culinary skill building into afterschool programs. This study examines whether building knowledge, skills, and confidence through a culinary intervention can improve adolescent participants’ choices of healthful foods through increased fruit and vegetable intake. Pink and Dude Chefs (PDC) is an afterschool nutrition education and culinary skills program for middle-school adolescents aged 11-14 years. This project aimed to improve eating behavior in participants by increasing culinary and nutrition self-efficacy. PDC was implemented in Shandon, California from Spring 2014 to Fall 2014, and in Santa Maria, Guadalupe, and New Cuyama, California from Fall 2015 to Summer 2016. Eighty-three middle school students participated and completed surveys in the 12-lesson program that covered food safety, micro- and macronutrients, meal planning, and USDA MyPlate guidelines. Participant fruit and vegetable consumption improved following participation. Girls’ frequency of overall fruit consumption increased from a mean of 1.8 (SD 0.9) to 2.0 (SD 1.0). Girls’ vegetable consumption increased from 1.2 (SD 0.8) to 1.5 (SD 0.9). Boys’ fruit consumption increased from 1.9 (SD 1.0) to 2.2 (SD 1.0), and boys’ vegetable consumption increased from 1.1 (SD 0.9) to 1.3 (SD 0.8). More research is needed to evaluate the long-term effect of participation in nutrition education and culinary skills programs. If obesity prevention programs that incorporate a skill-based culinary approach continue to show promising outcomes for adolescents, larger scale efforts may contribute to decreasing the public health and economic burdens associated with obesity.

Title: Obesity monitoring in middle aged men in Hradec Kralove Targets: The targets of thesis is to determine prevalence of the obesity in men at age 30 - 50 years in Hradec Kralove. The necessary data for this empirical research will be obtained on the basis of the questionnaires distributed among 30 active athletes and 30 pacients of prof. Martinik's diabetology office, who suffer from obesity and undergo treatment in his office. Subsequently, I will perform a deep analysis of all the data obtained from the questionnaries, in order to identify hazard factors for obesity, stress management, physical aktivity, fixed daily routine and life management or the prevalence of the genetic load in the group of surveyed athletes and surveyed obese patients of prof. Martiník's diabetology office. These data will be then compared in order to identifily the main differences between active athletes and obese patients. Methods: The empirical research was conducted at 30 randomly selected active athletes (at age 30 - 50 years), who live in Hradec Kralove and at 30 random patients (also at age 30 - 50 years) of prof. Martiník, who also live in Hradec Kralove and undergo medical treatment on the basis of the questionnaire, which I created myself and filled personally with the patients and athletes in order to...

Text in English / In order to address the paucity of knowledge in regard to the psychological and physiological processes associated with lifelong weight loss (>20 years), this study adopts a qualitative approach informed by phenomenology to explore the experience of lifelong weight loss and maintenance of women who participated in the ITAND Programme. The research questions guiding the exploration of the current research are: (i) Which strategies from the ITAND Programme do women perceive as assisting with initial weight loss? (ii) What are the processes mediating lifelong weight loss? (iii) What strategies and skills mediate the maintenance of lifelong weight loss? (iv) What feelings or beliefs motivate women to continue attempts to lose weight after experiencing multiple failures on diets? and (v) Which psychological, cognitive and behavioural processes are identified as mediating lifelong weight loss? Eight overweight and obese women were invited to write their narratives and engage in interviews in regard to exploring their relationships with food, their bodies and their weight, after a period of more than 20 years following their participation in an integrative, transactional analysis, anti-diet programme (the ITAND Programme). Narratives were used to explore their beliefs about constructs, processes and strategies mediating long-term weight loss maintenance. The participants’ narratives and interviews were analysed through applying narrative analysis and interpretive phenomenological analysis. In addition to a non-diet paradigm, four processes definingweight loss maintenance were identified, including the adult learning process of transformative learning, the psychological process of transactional analysis, the physiological process of intuitive eating and the cognitive-behavioural processes relating to weight loss maintenance. This study contributes an integrative, transactional analysis, non-diet treatment model (ITAND model) which is enabled by the processes of transformative learning, intuitive eating and cognitive-behaviour modification to the successful long- term treatment of overweight and obesity. This model may be applied in whole or in part in a primary health care or community context. The findings of this study may be used to inform future research into the development and implementation of non-diet weight loss maintenance interventions in the treatment of overweight andobesity. / Psychology / D.Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)

This Thesis deals with the problem of excess weight and obesity in the child age. The problem of child obesity is described in detail and subsequently divided. The work deals with the causes of origins of excess weight and obesity in children; subsequently it describes the diagnostics of excess weight or obesity in children. Further, it describes various types of obesity, treatment and obesity prevention. The methodical part was elaborated with the help of the quantitative research. The data collection technique was utilized in the questionnaires for the primary school children from 4th till 9th classes. The aim set for the Thesis purposes was to map the problem of excess weight and obesity of primary school pupils both in the town and the country in 4th till 9th classes; mainly their eating habits and movement activities. This aim was fulfilled. In accordance with the aim hypotheses were set. The hypothesis 1 was: Excess weight will increasingly grow in children with bad eating habits. On the basis of the research this hypothesis was disconfirmed. The children with the considered problem have almost the same eating habits as the children with normal weight. The hypothesis 2 was: Excess weight will increasingly grow in children with low movement activities. On the basis of the research this hypothesis was partially confirmed. The children with the considered problem take part in sport bees 20% less frequently. In the remaining questions regarding movement activities, the evaluated results are almost the same for both categories of children. The obesity problem is not avoiding even the present time, either. Obesity has become a serious problem in all developed countries where the Czech Republic belongs as well. This problem does not involve the adult population only. Recently, we can meet with excess weight or obesity in children more often. Number of children with excess weight in this country keeps growing. This thesis of experts is confirmed even by the survey performed for this Thesis purposes. It is quite clear from the results that no fewer than 140 children, which equals 20 % from the sample surveyed, have the problem with excess weight or obesity. The allocation of excess weight and obesity problem was as follows. The highest obesity occurrence was within the age category of the 12-year-old, where 14 % recorded the excess weight. Within the age category of the 15-year-old 12 % recorded obesity. Of the total number with excess weight the total 38 % boys live with excessive weight and 25 % suffer obesity. As for girls, 18 % suffered excess weight and 19 % of them were obese. When comparing children with excessive weight in the country and the town it is obvious that in villages there are considerably more children having the problem of increased weight. 68.5 % village children with obesity or excessive weight against 31.5 % children from towns. Obesity of children is a problem of societies in a lot of countries. However it is just unsuitable eating, life style, in particular lack of movement which in the absolute majority bear their shares in the redundant kilograms. Therefore prevention is very important. Such prevention should be aimed at children and their parents from the babyhood.

The present study employed a quantitative, non-experimental, multivariate correlational research design to test a hypothesized model examining associative paths of influence between ecological factors and weight status of urban, African-American adolescent females. Anthropometric and self-report survey data of 182 urban, African- American adolescent females were collected during after-school programs, health and physical education classes, and community events in an urban area in northeast Florida. Descriptive analyses were conducted to characterize the study participants based upon their age, study setting, and weight status. A scale reliability analysis was conducted to assess the internal consistency reliability of the sample data using selected measures within the context of the study’s specific population and subsequently guided the structural equation model (SEM) analyses. The SEM path analysis was used to develop two measurement models to control for observed error variance for variables demonstrating poor internal consistency reliability (diet behaviors and nutrition selfefficacy) and a final structural model to test the associative paths of influence between latent (diet behaviors and nutrition self-efficacy) and manifest variables (teacher social support and friend social support) on weight status. The results of the path analysis indicated that both teacher social support and friend social support demonstrated a positive, indirect influence on child weight status through nutrition self-efficacy and diet behaviors following two different and specific paths of influence. Diet behaviors, in turn, demonstrated a positive, direct effect on child weight status. These findings provide clear implications for educational leaders that call for the integration of health behavior change theory into traditional education and leadership practice and actively addressing the childhood obesity epidemic in the school environment by implementing health behavior change strategies at various ecological environmental levels.

<p>  </p> <p>Food insecurity describes the lack of access to foods and affects 10.2% of general U.S. households and 27% of low-income households in 2021. Food insecurity is a pervasive public health concern in the United States and has been linked to poor dietary intake and diet quality, overweight and obesity (especially among women), and risk of other chronic diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia. </p> <p>To better understand food security status and address its associated health and dietary outcomes among low-income populations, a conceptualized model was built and served as research framework for the dissertation, including 1) internal factors and motivations, such as traits related to self-efficacy and sufficiency that may influence diet and health; 2) external factors of temporary support, such as financial benefits from assistance programs that low-income populations are eligible for that may influence diet and health; and 3) external factors of potentially long-term support, such as nutrition education programs targeting low-income groups that may foster internalized knowledge that could sustain impact and improvement of diet and health in the long-term. Each chapter of this dissertation addresses a component of the model.</p> <p>Cross-sectional analysis of a sample of rural veterans using food pantries quantified psychological traits related to self-motivation and efficacy including grit and help seeking, at the individual and internal factors level of the conceptualized model, and their links to food security and resource use, and revealed an inverse association between grit score and risk of food insecurity. The findings provided evidence for future interventions targeting food insecurity improvement to include education and resources that address traits related to self-efficacy, such as grit, among low-income populations to improve health outcomes directly or through improving food security or use of resources. </p> <p>Using nationally representative data, the second study investigated relationships between food assistance through the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation, a type of societal level external support, and dietary outcomes among low-income older U.S. adults. There were no differences in dietary quality, usual nutrient intake or risk of inadequacy between SNAP participants and eligible nonparticipants. Furthermore, results revealed a high prevalence of not meeting the Estimated Average Requirement from dietary sources for several nutrients (vitamins A, C, D, E, calcium, and magnesium) but the prevalence was lower when nutrients from dietary supplements were included. The results highlight a need for continued effort to improve nutrient and dietary intake among low-income older adults.</p> <p>External factors of potentially long-term support (e.g. nutrition education and food assistance) were evaluated for relationships with body mass index. A longitudinal sample of low-income women interested in participating in nutrition education through SNAP-Education (SNAP-Ed) was examined to determine the relationship between nutrition education (SNAP-Ed) and food assistance program participation through (SNAP, WIC), separately and in combination, with long-term changes in body mass index. No differences in changes of weight status over time were observed by nutrition education, food assistance, or combination participation. The prevalence of obesity was high among this sample, calling for targeted obesity prevention interventions and further support of healthy lifestyle promotion among low-income populations. </p> <p>The findings shown in this dissertation further reveal a high health burden among low-income groups. The studies filled several research gaps described in the conceptualized model. The results may be used to inform future tailored interventions to address food insecurity, dietary and health outcomes at individual and societal levels, incorporating internal motivation and external support to mediate health and dietary risks among low-income population.</p>