De nouveaux traitements comme l’immunothérapie ont été proposés en oncologie. Ils sont basés sur les mécanismes de régulation du système immunitaire. Cependant tous les patients ne répondent pas à ces nouveaux traitements. Afin de pouvoir les identifier, on mesure l’association des marqueurs immunologiques exprimés à la réponse au traitement ainsi qu’à la toxicité à l’instaurationdu traitement et leur évolution sous traitement. En situation observationnelle, l’absence de tirage au sort empêche la comparabilité des groupes et l'effet mesuré est juste une mesure d'association. Les méthodes d’inférence causalepermettent dans certains cas, après avoir identifié les sources de biais de par la construction de diagrammes acycliques dirigés (DAG), d'atteindre l’interchangeabilité conditionnelle entre exposés et non exposés etpermettent l’estimation d’effets causaux. Dans les cas les plus simples où le nombre de variables est faible, il est possible de dessiner leDAG à partir d’expertise. Dans les situations où le nombre de variables explosent, des algorithmes d’apprentissage ont été proposés pour retrouver la structure de ces graphes. Néanmoins ces algorithmes font d’une part l’hypothèse qu’aucune information n’est connue et n’ont été développés que dans les cas où les covariables sont mesurés à un seul temps. L’objectif de cette thèse est donc de développer ces méthodes d’apprentissages de graphes à des données répétées, puis d’intégrer des connaissances a priori pour améliorer l’estimation de ceux-ci. Une fois les graphes appris les modèles causaux peuvent être appliqués sur les biomarkers immunologiques répétés pour détecter ceux qui sont associés à laréponse et/ou la toxicité. / In oncology, new treatments such as immunotherapy have been proposed, which are based on regulation of the immune system. However, not all treated patient have a long-term benefit of the treatment. To identify those patients who benefit most, we measured markers of the immune system expressed at treatment initiation and across time. In an observational study, the lack of randomization makes the groups not comparable and the effect measured is just an association. In this context, causal inference methods allow in some cases, after having identified all biases by constructing a directed acyclic graph (DAG), to get close to the case of conditional exchangeability between exposed and non-exposed subjects and thus estimating causal effects.In the most simple cases, where the number of variables is low, it is possible to draw the DAG with experts’ beliefs. Whereas in the situation where the number of variables rises, learning algorithms have been proposed in order to estimate the structure of the graphs. Nevertheless, these algorithms make the assumptions that any a priori information between the markers is known and have mainly been developed in the setting in which covariates are measured only once. The objective of this thesis is to develop learning methods of graphs for taking repeated measures into account, and reduce the space search by using a priori expert knowledge. Based on these graphs, we estimate causal effects of the repeated immune markers on treatment response and/or toxicity.

A study of the Merriam's wild turkey was conducted March 1972 to August 1973 in southwestern Utah to determine the life history and habitat utilization. Using transects, bio-telemetry, and observational techniques, information on flocking, hen:poult and sex ratios, and approximate dates for spring dispersal, nesting, and hatching was obtained. Turkey observations in relation to habitat variables were used to determine habitat utilization. Except during the spring mating season, male flocks remained apart from other turkeys. Hen flocks in fall and winter consisted of adult hens and juveniles of both sexes. Males dispersed from winter flocks in March, and those that became harem gobblers attracted not more than 3 hens. Egg-laying probably took place from mid-April to mid-May and hatching from mid-May to mid-June. A drop in hen:poult ratios from 1:2.2 in 1972 to 1:0.7 in 1973 was attributed to harsh spring weather. Hens comprised an estimated 60 percent of the population during the study period. Turkeys utilized a faU-winter-early spring habitat of mountain brush and scattered ponderosa pine. Late spring use was associated with a ponderosa pine or aspen-mixed-conifer habitat type. Broods highly used glades dominated by an aspen overstory with intermingling mixed-conifer, while a male flock used mixedconifer clearings at 10,000 feet elevation. The upper and lower limits of turkey range on the study area were 10,000 and 6,000 feet, respectively. Turkeys began spring migration in April and fall migration in late September or early October.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur musiklärare i grundskolan skapar förutsättningar för musikaliskt lärande samt vilka resurser de använder sig av. Data har samlats in genom videoobservation av musikundervisning i två grundskoleklassrum. I bakgrundsdelen presenteras tidigare forskning inom området samt relevanta begrepp för designteoretiska och multimodala perspektiv. Observationerna har bearbetats utifrån dessa perspektiv för att lyfta fram signifikanta detaljer och synliggöra både designer som undervisningen bygger på och de multimodala resurserna som används i förverkligandet av dessa. I resultatet framkommer fyra huvudteman bland designer: musicerande, teoretiska förlagor, individuell instrumentundervisning samt instrumentundervisning i grupp. De multimodala resurserna som används följer fem huvudteman: resurser för puls och rytm, pedagogiska resurser, gestaltande resurser, resurser vid samspel samt formativa resurser. Likheter och olikheter i de två lärarnas designer och kommunikation diskuteras. I sista kapitlet jämförs resultaten med både observationer och teoretiska modeller som beskrivits i tidigare forskning. / The aim of this study is to investigate how music teachers in the Swedish comprehensive school system create the preconditions for musical learning as well as which resources they make use of. Data has been gathered through video observation of music teaching in two comprehensive school classrooms. In the literature review, previous research in the area is presented, along with concepts relevant to design-theoretical and multimodal perspectives. The observations have been analyzed from these perspectives in order to identify significant details and reveal both the designs underpinning the teaching and the multimodal resources that are used in realizing these designs. In the results section, four main themes emerge among the designs: music-making, theoretical models, individual instrumental instruction and instrumental instruction in groups. The multimodal resources that are used follow five main themes: resources for pulse and rhythm, pedagogical resources, embodied resources, resources for coordinated music-making and formative resources. Similarities and differences between the two teachers’ designs and communication are discussed. In the final chapter, the results are compared with observations and theoretical models described in the literature.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第20908号 / 理博第4360号 / 新制||理||1626(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科物理学・宇宙物理学専攻 / (主査)准教授 樽家 篤史, 教授 佐々木 節, 教授 川合 光 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Sjuksköterskans omvårdnadsarbete har förändrats genom tiderna. I början av 1900-talet var sjuksköterskeyrket ett kall, vilket huvudsakligen innefattades av att se till att smittosamma sjukdomar inte spreds vidare, samt hålla patienten ren. Idag innefattar sjuksköterskeyrket ett mer komplext arbete där administration, specialistvård, teknik, patientnära omvårdnad samt kontakt med andra yrkeskategorier och instanser ska vävas samman. Syftet med den här pilotstudien var att belysa hur fördelningen av sjuksköterskans arbetsuppgifter ser ut över dygnets 24 timmar. Strukturerad observationsmetod användes för datainsamling. Observationer utfördes på en infektionsavdelning i södra Sverige och tre sjuksköterskor observerades. Det kvantitativa materialet analyserades genom deskriptiv statistik. Resultatet kunde delas in i två kategorier; direkt- och indirekt vård och visade att fördelningen av sjuksköterskans arbete över dygnet till störst del bestod av indirekt vård vilket utgjordes till 64 % och direkt vård, det vill säga patientnära omvårdnad, utfördes till 33 %, övriga 3 % utgjordes av personalens raster. / The nursing care has changed over time. From being a calling in the beginning of the 20th century with responsibility and obligations like prevent contagious diseases to spread and to keep the patient clean. Nowadays a more complex work and responsibilities has occurred containing; administration, specialist care, technique, close patient care and contact with other profession’s and authority’s. The aim of this pilot study was to illustrate the distribution of the nurses’ work over a 24-hour period. A structured observational method was used in order to the gather data. The observations took place at an infection department in southern Sweden, and three nurses were observed. The material was analyzed quantitatively with descriptive statistics. The results could be divided in two categories; direct- and indirect care and it appeared that indirect care amounted to 64 % over a 24-hour period, and direct care amounted to 33 %, the last 3 % represent the nurses’ food and coffee breaks.

京都大学 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(医学) / 乙第13560号 / 論医博第2289号 / 新制||医||1067(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 森信 暁雄, 教授 村井 俊哉, 教授 林 康紀 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第24472号 / 医博第4914号 / 新制||医||1062(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 今中 雄一, 教授 山本 洋介, 教授 小濱 和貴 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Using a sample of 322 married couples (644 spouses) from The Flourishing Families project, this study examined the relationship between marital power and sexual satisfaction as mediated by observed hostile interaction. More specifically, an actor-partner interdependence model (APIM) was used in which husband and wife perceptions of their partner's power were hypothesized to be related to husband and wife self-report of sexual satisfaction, with husband and wife observed hostile interaction as possible mediating variables. Results showed that husband and wife perceptions of power were positively related to their respective husband and wife sexual satisfaction and positively related to their respective hostile interaction. Husband hostile interaction was negatively related to husband sexual satisfaction. Husband and wife perceptions of power were negatively related to their partner's sexual satisfaction, and positively related to their partner's hostile interaction. Husband and wife hostile interaction were negatively related to their partner's sexual satisfaction. Husband observed hostility was a statistically significant mediator of the relationship between husband power and husband sexual satisfaction and of the relationship between wife power and wife sexual satisfaction. Wife observed hostility significantly mediated the relationship between husband power and husband sexual satisfaction.

Visual impairment/blindness is not often discussed in a media space, and the community is often left out and forgotten otherwise in the course of history. Through documentary filmmaking, Consider the View (La Vue) provides an artistic exploration of blindness by using the camera as optical power and other forms of art. Viewers experience a new perspective of what it means to be visually impaired.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第24191号 / 医博第4885号 / 新制||医||1060(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 中山 健夫, 教授 松村 由美, 教授 万代 昌紀 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM