Simulation and Web-based Learning (WBL) are both educational approaches that are increasingly applied in medical education. However, little is known about how these two instructional approaches may be integrated to improve learning outcomes. A prospective three-arm experimental study of different WBL preparation materials was conducted. Thirty undergraduate medical students with no prior experience in central venous catheterization (CVC) were randomly assigned to one of three preparatory interventions: tradition reading materials (TM), observational practice (OP), or OP and educational networking (OPEN). Participants then completed a simulation-based training workshop in CVC and a delayed retention test. Performance was assessed by a task-specific checklist, global rating scale (GRS) and by measuring time to competency. Main findings reveal a significant linear trend across the TM, OP and OPEN groups in time to competency. This exploratory study demonstrates the potential utility of Web-based observational practice and collaborative learning for improving the efficiency of simulation-based training.

Simulation and Web-based Learning (WBL) are both educational approaches that are increasingly applied in medical education. However, little is known about how these two instructional approaches may be integrated to improve learning outcomes. A prospective three-arm experimental study of different WBL preparation materials was conducted. Thirty undergraduate medical students with no prior experience in central venous catheterization (CVC) were randomly assigned to one of three preparatory interventions: tradition reading materials (TM), observational practice (OP), or OP and educational networking (OPEN). Participants then completed a simulation-based training workshop in CVC and a delayed retention test. Performance was assessed by a task-specific checklist, global rating scale (GRS) and by measuring time to competency. Main findings reveal a significant linear trend across the TM, OP and OPEN groups in time to competency. This exploratory study demonstrates the potential utility of Web-based observational practice and collaborative learning for improving the efficiency of simulation-based training.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Miami University, Dept. of Botany, 2008. / Title from second page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 86-88).

L'impact de la population sur l'environnement et celui de l'environnement sur la santé humaine est indéniable et représente depuis les années 2000 de réels enjeux de Santé Publique. Il a été constaté en outre des augmentations de prévalence de cancer, de maladies respiratoires ou encore des troubles de la reproduction, dont les origines multifactorielles sont de plus en plus suspectées. Dans ce contexte, la surveillance est devenue un outil indispensable à la prise de décision en santé publique, et les réseaux de surveillances des évènements sanitaires se sont multipliés, donnant naissance à de nombreuses bases de données, parfois massives, dont les utilisations sont encore limitées.L'objectif de ces travaux de thèse était de développer un nouveau concept de surveillance, la Surveillance Observationnelle (SO), permettant une utilisation optimale des bases de données observationnelles, généralisable à différentes bases et problématiques, et pouvant tenir compte des informations multiples qu'elles contiennent.La SO est basée sur la méthode de l'exposome, ayant pour but de restructurer les données sous forme de réseau, permettant ainsi l'étude des associations entre les informations mais également l'étude de leur structure. Il a alors été développé plusieurs indicateurs permettant d'étudier à la fois les différentes associations d'informations recrutées au sein d'une base de données pour un évènement de santé, mais également d'étudier l'évolution de leur structure dans le temps par un suivi dynamique, ces indicateurs permettant de générer la signature unique d'un évènement de santé : le spectre. Un outil, appelé « Observational Surveillance Analysis » (OSA) permettant l'utilisation en routine de la méthodologie a également été développé dans la plateforme R, permettant une automatisation et une standardisation des résultats.Des exemples d'applications ont permis d'illustrer le déroulement de l'analyse de la SO ainsi que sa portabilité et adaptabilité au contexte et à la problématique. Trois applications sont basées sur les données du Réseau National de Vigilance et de Prévention des Pathologies Professionnelles (RNV3P) : le cancer de la vessie, l'asthme et enfin le lymphome non hodgkinien. Trois autres applications sont basées sur la base de données du groupe de médecins du travail Belge IDEWE : les douleurs à la gorge, les aides-soignants et les agriculteurs.Grâce aux différentes applications, il a été démontré la portabilité de la méthodologie de la SO à des bases de données différentes, mais également à des configurations d'analyse différentes, pathologie/expositions ou activité/expositions. De plus, l'outil « OSA » qui a été développé permet une utilisation facilitée pour l'analyse en routine des données et pourrait à terme être intégré dans un réseau de surveillance déjà existant. / Impact of population on the environment, and conversely, is obvious and represents a real challenge for Public Health since 2000. It has been shown an increase in cancer prevalence, respiratory disease or even reproductive disorders, for which multifactorial origins are strongly suspected. In this context, surveillance has become an essential tool to decision making in public health, and surveillance networks of health events are multiplying, giving rise to numerous databases (sometimes considered as “big data”), still poorly used.Objective of this thesis work was to develop a new concept of surveillance, the Observational Surveillance (OS). This allows an optimal use of observational databases, extendable to different kind of databases and problematics, taking into account various multiple information available.OS is based on the exposome approach, to restructure data as a network, allowing the study of associations between information and also their structure. In this purpose, several indicators have been developed to study in the meantime the different recruited association for an event of interest, but also the evolution of their structure over time. These indicators allow generating the unique signature of the event: the spectrum. A tool, named “Observational Surveillance Analysis” (OSA), allowing the routine use of methodology, has been developed in the R platform, which permits automation and standardization of results.Applications were used to illustrate the OS analysis and its portability and adaptability to different context and problematic. Three applications are based on the French National Occupational Diseases Surveillance and Prevention Network (RNV3P): bladder cancer, asthma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Three other applications are based on the Belgium occupational physicians group IDEWE: sore throat, caregivers and farmers.Thanks to different applications, it has been demonstrated the portability of the OS methodology to different databases, and also, to different analysis configuration, disease/exposures or activity/diseases. Furthermore, the “OSA” tool which has been developed, allows an easier use to routine analysis and, in the end, could be integrated in an existing surveillance network.

Submitted by Emanuel Varela Cardoso (emanuel.varela@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-10-16T19:37:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GIVAL PORDEUS DA SILVA NETO – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGFísica) 2015.pdf: 4886479 bytes, checksum: 8589cc7f91d5dab59210f3bf9b9a3d97 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-16T19:37:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GIVAL PORDEUS DA SILVA NETO – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGFísica) 2015.pdf: 4886479 bytes, checksum: 8589cc7f91d5dab59210f3bf9b9a3d97 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-08 / Capes / A constante de Hubble (H0) é considerada fundamental na cosmologia. Ela é crucial para qualquer modelo cosmológico moderno, pois está relacionada com diversas grandezas cosmológicas, portanto, é de extrema importância a determinação mais restritiva e acurada possível do seu valor. A mais recente estimativa de H0 a partir de métodos locais (z 1), H0 = 73:8 2; 4 kms􀀀1Mpc􀀀1, e a partir de redshifts muito altos (z ' 1070), H0 = 67; 3 1; 2 kms􀀀1Mpc􀀀1, são discrepantes em um nível de con fiança de 2; 4 . Dentro deste contexto, Lima e Cunha (LC), a m de lançar alguma luz sobre este problema, derivou uma nova determinação de H0 utilizando quatro testes cosmológicos em redshifts intermediários (z 1), com base no chamado modelo CDM Plano. Eles obtiveram H0 = 74; 1 2; 2 kms􀀀1Mpc􀀀1, em pleno acordo com as medições locais. Neste trabalho, exploramos a robustez do resultado de LC, procurando por erros sistemáticos e a sua dependência com o modelo cosmológico usado. Nós constatamos que o valor H0 a partir desta análise conjunta é muito fracamente dependente de modelos cosmológico, mas a morfologia adotada para inferir o raio central dos aglomerados de galáxias, altera o resultado, sendo a principal fonte de erros sistemáticos. Concluímos que uma melhor compreensão da morfologia dos aglomerados é fundamental para transformar esse método em um poderoso estimador de H0. / The Hubble constant (H0) is considered a fundamental constant of cosmology. It is crucial for any modern cosmological model, it is related to various cosmological quantities, so it is extremely important a restrictive and accurate determination of its value. The most recent estimate of H0 from local observations (z 1), H0 = 73:8 2; 4 kms􀀀�1Mpc􀀀�1, and from high redshifts (z ' 1070), H0 = 67; 3 1; 2 kms􀀀�1Mpc􀀀�1, are discrepant in a con dence level of 2; 4 . Within this context, Cunha and Lima (LC), in order to shed some light on this problem, derived a new determination of H0 using four cosmological tests at intermediate redshifts (z 1), based on the model called Flat CDM. They obtained H0 = 74; 1 2; 2 kms􀀀�1Mpc􀀀�1, in full agreement with local measurements. In this work, we explore the robustness of the result LC looking for systematic errors and its dependence on the cosmological model used. We found that the H0 value from this combined analysis is very weakly dependent on the underlying cosmological model, but the morphology adopted to infer the core radius of galaxy clusters, changes the estimates being the main source of systematic errors. Hence, we conclude that a better understanding of the morphology of the clusters is essential to transform this method in a powerful cross-check to H0.

xviii, 150 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / This dissertation examined how cultural influences transmitted within the familial context impact the psychological adjustment of ethnic minority youth through the development of an observational measure of ethnic-racial socialization. Specifically, a behavioral observational paradigm and companion coding system were developed to examine ethnic-racial socialization processes among 140 American Indian, African American and European American adolescents and their families. Despite its interactional nature, to date there are no observational measures of ethnic-racial socialization, highlighting the important contributions of this study. This study was conducted in a series of phases. Phase I consisted of measurement development through use of qualitative data. Qualitative information from cultural informants was incorporated to develop two observational paradigms (observed family discussions on Family Culture and Coping with Discrimination) and an accompanying coding system. Phase II examined the underlying factor structure of this observational measure through confirmatory and exploratory factor analytic techniques. The Discrimination Paradigm derived the ethnic-racial socialization dimensions: (a) Proactive Preparation, (b) Racial Awareness, (c) Promotion of Mistrust, and (d) Other Group Orientation. The Family Culture paradigm derived: (a) Cultural Socialization, (b) Ethnic Heritage Exploration, (c) Family Centeredness, and (d) Spiritual Involvement. In Phase III correlational analyses supported convergent and ecological validity of the observed dimensions for American Indian and African American youth, but not European American youth. Phase IV examined the mediational effects of the observed measures, suggesting that among American Indian and African American youth, observed ethnic-racial socialization is central to the relationships between family context, discrimination, ethnic identity and youth adjustment. In Phase V, moderation effects indicated that only for American Indian youth, observed ethnic-racial socialization significantly reduced the impact of discrimination on youth adjustment. Last, Phase VI analyses revealed that observed dimensions uniquely contributed to adolescent problem behavior above and beyond the effect of discrimination and familial contextual factors among American Indian and African American youth. In sum, these findings support the reliability and validity of the observed ethnic-racial socialization measures, and suggest its promising capability to efficiently capture important, observable, transactional familial processes of ethnic-racial socialization that are integral to the development of cultural resilience. / Adviser: Thomas, J. Dishion

Submitted by Emanuel Varela Cardoso (emanuel.varela@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-11-07T20:16:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FELIPE SÉRVULO MACIEL COSTA – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGFísica) 2017.pdf: 4976980 bytes, checksum: eb50b091cd9c69ef0ba3d67fba7d69bb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-07T20:16:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FELIPE SÉRVULO MACIEL COSTA – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGFísica) 2017.pdf: 4976980 bytes, checksum: eb50b091cd9c69ef0ba3d67fba7d69bb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11 / Capes / Há cerca de vinte anos, dois grupos de pesquisadores estudaram o brilho aparente das super novas do tipo Ia(SNe Ia) e, de forma independente, descobriram que a expansão atual do universo é acelerada. Esta descoberta lançou a astronomia para a era da energia escura, componente energética que, dentro da teoria da relatividade geral,é a responsável pela aceleração cósmica. Porém, a presença de uma opacidade cósmica nos dados de super novas pode imitar o comportamento de uma componente escura. Hoje em dia, embora a aceleração cósmica seja sustentada por outras observações astronômicas, uma possível presença de opacidade nos dados das SNe Ia pode levar a erros nas estimativas de parâmetros cosmológicos. Assim, vários trabalhos na literatura tem investigado a hipótese da transparência do Universo utilizando medidas de distâncias de luminosidade de velas-padrão, como supernovas do tipo Ia (SNeIa) e gamma raybursts (GRBs),e de distâncias obtidas pela taxa de expansão de Hubble H(z), sendo estas últimas independentes da hipótese de transparência cósmica. Nesta dissertação, nós fazemos uma revisão bibliográ fica sobre estes trabalhos, nos quais foram usados dados de SNeIa, GRBse H(z). Novos limites sobre a opacidade foram colocados com os mais recentes dados de GRBse H(z) no contexto do modelo padrão da cosmologia. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a hipótese da transparência cósmica está em acordo com os dados, porém, os resultados vindos das observações de GRBs, que alcançam z > 9, onde z é o redshift, não excluem a presença de alguma fonte de opacidade com alto grau de con fiança estatística. / About twenty years ago, two groups of researchers studying the apparent brightness of type Ia super nova e (SNe Ia), independently discovered that the current expansion of the universe is accelerated. This discovery launched astronomy in to the dark energy era, an energy component that, with in the theory of general relativity, is responsible for the cosmic acceleration. However, the presence of a cosmic opacity in SNe Ia data may mimicthe behavior of a dark component. Now a days, although the cosmic acceleration is supported by other astronomical observations, a possible presence of opacity in the SNe Ia data can lead to errors in the cosmological parameter estimates. Thus, several works in the literature have investigated the universe's transparency hypothesis using measurement so fluminosity distances of standard candles, suchas SNe Ia and gamma ray bursts (GRBs), and distances obtained of the cosmic expansion rate H(z). These last ones being independent of the cosmic transparency hypothesis. In this dissertation, we make a bibliographical review on these works and new limits on opacity were placed with the latest data of GRB sand H(z) in the context of the standard model. We have found that the cosmic transparency hypothesis is in agreement with the data, but the results from the observations of GRBs, which reach z > 9, where z is the it red shift, do not exclude the presence of some source of opacity with a high degree of statistical con dence.

Submitted by SIMONE THEREZA ALEXANDRINO MAFFEI null (simone.maffei@hotmail.com) on 2016-03-09T00:00:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_SIMONE_THEREZA_A_MAFFEI_SIMACEK.pdf: 10213408 bytes, checksum: cfd1b66d32dcfc8d083140ccce420888 (MD5) / Rejected by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br), reason: Solicitamos que realize uma nova submissão seguindo as orientações abaixo: -Verifique se a ficha catalográfica é obrigatória em sua unidade. Há uma página em branco após a folha de rosto reservada para a ficha. Corrija estas informações e realize uma nova submissão contendo o arquivo correto. Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2016-03-09T18:46:29Z (GMT) / Submitted by SIMONE THEREZA ALEXANDRINO MAFFEI null (simone.maffei@hotmail.com) on 2016-03-10T19:52:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_SIMONE_THEREZA_A_MAFFEI_SIMACEK.pdf: 10213476 bytes, checksum: e05feab4c8b3845d371bb42a7f841501 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-03-11T12:09:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 maffeisimacek_sta_dr_bauru.pdf: 10213476 bytes, checksum: e05feab4c8b3845d371bb42a7f841501 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-11T12:09:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 maffeisimacek_sta_dr_bauru.pdf: 10213476 bytes, checksum: e05feab4c8b3845d371bb42a7f841501 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-26 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O design, em seus diversos campos, é um agente gerador de necessidades contínuas. Responsabiliza-se por causar o desejo de compra e isso se dá principalmente com a exposição de seus produtos em vitrinas. Mas um expositor pode também ser considerado um produto de design, pois, para chamar a atenção do consumidor e despertar-lhe prazer (visual), usa de estratégias que envolvem elementos de percepção e emoção. Luzes, cores, formas, elementos tridimensionais encenam valores sociais, econômicos e culturais e isso provoca no observador uma mistura de sentimentos. Porém as respostas emocionais que ocorrem diante de uma vitrina não são conhecidas pelos designers, tampouco quais são os elementos da vitrina que provocam esses retornos afetivos. Seriam os elementos de percepção ou os objetos expostos? Haveria alterações nessas respostas ao colocar um objeto de possível desagrado emocional, como uma cadeira de rodas? Além disso, conseguir compreender as respostas emocionais dos consumidores ao observa-los diante de uma vitrina geraria informações projetuais muito mais verdadeiras e seguras sobre o que se está observando, do que propor um questionamento. Questionar um consumidor sobre um produto pode pô-lo em situação desconfortável e sua resposta não seria, assim, verdadeira. Portanto essa pesquisa visa compreender as respostas emocionais de observadores de vitrinas, por meio de imagens das mesmas, aplicando metodologia observacional, e assim obter dados que possam corroborar o design, nos âmbitos do emocional e de moda. / The design, in its various fields, is a generator agent of needs. The responsibility of design is causing the desire to purchase and the mainly way to do this proposition is with the exposure of products in shop windows. But an exhibitor can also be considered a design product, therefore, to draw the consumer's attention and awaken them (visual) pleasure, uses strategies that involve elements of perception and emotion. Lights, colours, shapes, three-dimensional elements enact social, economic and cultural values and this causes in observers a mixture of feelings. But the emotional responses that occur in front of a shop window are not known by designers, nor what are the elements of shop window that cause these emotional returns. Would be the exhibits elements of perception? There would be changes in these responses when introducing a possible emotional dislike object, such as a wheelchair? In addition, be able to understand the emotional responses of consumers, by observation, in front of a shop window would generate data to design much more accurate and secure about what consumers are watching, than proposing them a question. Questioning consumers about a product can be an uncomfortable situation and their answer would not be true. Therefore this research aims to perceive the emotional responses of consumers in front of images of shop windows, applying observational methodology, and thus obtain data that can corroborate the design, in the emotional and fashion areas. / CAPES/PDSE: 13845/12-8 / CNPq/Programa Ciência sem Fronteiras: 248830/2013-9

abstract: Observational tutoring has been found to be an effective method for teaching a variety of subjects by reusing dialogue from previous successful tutoring sessions. While it has been shown content can be learned through observational tutoring it has yet to been examined if a secondary behavior such as goal-setting can be influenced. The present study investigated if observing virtual humans engaging in a tutoring session on rotational kinematics with embedded positive goal oriented dialogue would increase knowledge of the material and perpetuate a shift an observer's goal-orientation from performance avoidance goal orientation (PAVGO) to learning goal orientation (LGO). Learning gains were observed in pre to post test knowledge retention tests. Significant changes from pretest to posttest occurred across conditions for LGO. Additionally, significant changes from PAVGO pretest to posttest were observed in the control condition however PAVGO did not significantly change in the experimental condition. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Applied Psychology 2014

The efficiency of different spectroscopic techniques are examined through four different approaches: detailed analysis of IR spectra from the APOGEE database and examination of persistence, observing extremely metal-poor stars using the Plaskett telescope at the DAO, three analyses of various applications of machine learning in astronomy, and efficient transmission of light through optical fibres. Through the first study, the technical effects of persistence in the APOGEE's IR spectra are examined, and a new technique for removing the persistence is introduced. Most of the globular cluster Pal 1's spectra in the APOGEE database are affected by persistence. Therefore, the Pal 1 spectra are corrected for the persistence and their stellar abundances are determined independently from the APOGEE's pipeline, ASPCAP. Our results for the known members of Pal 1 were in a close agreement with the results from Sakari et al. (2011). Comparison between the results from the corrected and the original spectra suggest that the persistence could have a critical effect on the results. The second study of this thesis focused on observations of extremely metal-poor (EMP) stars from the Pristine survey. Through the DAO-Pristine project, we narrowed down the initial list of the Pristine survey by observing over 50 targets during 25 observing nights. The Ca II triplet absorption lines of the observed targets were examined and used for estimating the metallicity of the objects. Twelve candidate EMP stars with weak Ca II triplet lines are chosen from the observed targets. These candidate EMP stars will be observed with larger telescopes for more accurate determination of their metallicity. This thesis also presents the result of a threefold analysis for using machine learning techniques in astronomy. The supervised machine learning methods are used for determination of the stellar parameters of stars using their raw spectra, and unsupervised machine learning methods are used for classification of supernovae Type Ia from their calibrated spectra. The supervised analysis of the IR and optical spectra suggested that the StarNet neural network (Fabbro et al. 2017) can predict the stellar parameters of the APOGEE database and synthetic spectra, efficiently and accurately. The effect of persistence in the StarNet's results are examined, and we showed that the persistence does not have a critical effect on the overall performance of the StarNet. In addition, multiple unsupervised machine learning techniques such as K-mean and Self Organizing Maps (SOMs) are used for classification of the supernovae Type Ia spectra. The preliminary results suggest that a minimum of three subclasses of supernovae Type Ia can be found from our data, which are consistent with the previous studies. Finally, this thesis presents our final results for an optical system we designed for the MSE project. At UVic, we have used the standard collimated beam method, or "ring test," to measure the Focal Ratio Degradation (FRD) of MSE-like fibres. The FRD of the system is determined from the ratio of the Full Width Half Maximum (FWHM) to the radius of the ring. Early ring test results from a sample of MSE-like fibres show an FRD of 3.7%, which meets the MSE science requirement (i.e. FRD < 5% at f/2). Also, we have automated the ring test for fast, repeatable, and efficient measurements of an individual fibre in multi-fibre bundles. Our future tests will include automated non-static fibres in preparation for the MSE build phases. / Graduate