Cyanobacteria are common inhabitants of freshwater lakes and reservoirs throughout the world. Under favourable conditions, certain cyanobacteria can dominate the phytoplankton within a waterbody and form nuisance blooms. Case reports and anecdotal references dating from 1949 describe a range of illnesses associated with recreational exposure to cyanobacteria: hay fever-like symptoms, pruritic skin rashes and gastro-intestinal symptoms (the latter probably related to ingestion of water) are most frequently reported. Some papers give convincing descriptions of allergic responses to cyanobacteria; others describe more serious acute illnesses, with symptoms such as severe headache, pneumonia, fever, myalgia, vertigo and blistering in the mouth. A U.S. coroner recently found that a teenage boy died as a result of accidentally ingesting a neurotoxic cyanotoxin from a golf course pond; this is the first recorded human fatality attributed to recreational exposure to cyanobacteria. One of the main public health concerns with exposure to freshwater cyanobacteria relates to the understanding that some blooms produce toxins that specifically affect the liver or the central nervous system. The route of exposure for these toxins is oral, from accidental or deliberate ingestion of recreational water, and possibly by inhalation. Cyanobacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are also reported to be putative cutaneous, gastrointestinal, respiratory and pyrogenic toxins. The aims of this project were to enhance the understanding of public health issues relating to recreational exposure to cyanobacteria by conducting epidemiological and laboratory-based toxicology studies. A prospective cohort study of 1,331 recreational water users was conducted at various sites in southern Queensland, the Myall Lakes area of New South Wales, and central Florida. The study design sought to make improvements over previously published epidemiological studies, in that an unexposed group was recruited from cyanobacteria-free waters, cyanobacterial toxins were measured in site water samples, and respondents were asked to rate the severity of reported symptoms. This study has shown an increased likelihood of symptom reporting amongst bathers exposed to high cyanobacterial cell density (measured by total cell surface area) compared to those exposed to low cyanobacteria-affected waters. Mild respiratory symptoms appear to be the predominant symptom category. A clinical dermatology study to examine delayed-contact hypersensitivity reactions to cyanobacterial extracts was conducted. The study groups were 20 patients presenting for diagnostic skin patch testing at the Royal Brisbane Hospital's dermatology outpatient clinic; a convenience sample of 20 individuals was recruited from outside the hospital as a control group. One patient developed unequivocal reactions to several cyanobacteria extracts, with no dose-response pattern seen, indicating that the reactions were allergic in nature. A mouse model of delayed-contact hypersensitivity, the mouse ear swelling test, has demonstrated that the purified toxin cylindrospermopsin, a highly water-soluble compound, is capable of producing cutaneous injury. Encrusting lesions were seen on abdominal skin during the induction phase of these experiments. Delayed-contact hypersensitivity reactions were also demonstrated with this toxin. LPS from two non-axenic cyanobacterial samples - Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and Microcystis aeruginosa - were extracted and purified. Thermoregulation studies were performed using a mouse model of rectal temperature measurement. Separate groups of mice were injected with these LPS extracts at two dose levels. Thermoregulation studies were also conducted with purified cyanobacterial toxins: microcystin-LR and cylindrospermopsin and anatoxin-a; cyanobacterial LPS samples purified by collaborators in Adelaide were also investigated for thermoregulation potential. These experiments have shown that the LPS extracts are weakly active when compared with responses to much lower doses of Escherichia coli LPS. Cylindrospermopsin also produces hypothermic responses in mice - comparable to pyrexia in larger mammals - although at a later stage than was seen with LPS extracts. Supplementing the experimental observations of the toxicology and immunotoxicology of cyanobacterial LPS are insights gained from beyond the cyanobacteria literature on the mechanisms of toxicity of different LPS structures. Cyanobacterial LPS was initially suggested to be toxic in the 1970s, at a time when lipid A, the active moiety of LPS, was thought to be identical across all Gram-negative bacteria. More recent work raises questions about the attribution of cutaneous and gastrointestinal illness to cyanobacterial LPS, with the understanding that some bacterial lipid A structures are LPS antagonists, LPS is not toxic by the oral route, and LPS is not reported as a toxin in the clinical dermatology literature. Gut-derived lipopolysaccharides, however, exert potent synergistic effects with a variety of xenobiotic hepatotoxins, and the well-known shock-like syndromes associated with severe cylindrospermopsin and microcystin poisoning deserve further scrutiny from the perspective of immunotoxicology.

Why do temporary foreign workers employed in the British Columbia hospitality sector have difficulty enforcing their workplace rights? Using the themes of people, place and time, this thesis explores the demand and supply of migrant workers in the British Columbia hospitality sector, and the challenges temporary foreign workers face at the intersection of immigration law, employment law, occupational health and safety law, and workers’ compensation law. The thesis argues that the low-skilled Temporary Foreign Worker Program shifts the negative consequences of unfair working conditions and workplace health and safety risks over people, place and time: from Canadian workers and employers onto temporary foreign workers; from Canada to elsewhere; and from the present into the future. Workplace rights are not enough for hospitality sector workers, what is needed is better tools for the enforcement of those rights. / Graduate

Les grands groupes de l'industrie de la construction souhaitent intégrer le concept de prévention au sein de leurs organisations en recherchant des améliorations techniques et organisationnelles et en déployant des méthodes tantôt coercitives, tantôt participatives visant une maîtrise du facteur humain. L'objectif de cette industrie est de contrôler les risques inhérents aux chantiers dont il est possible de déterminer plusieurs classifications. Le point commun de ces dernières est leur finalité, c'est-à-dire établir une liste exhaustive d'un ensemble infini selon des critères variables. Après avoir analysé les différents facteurs influençant sur la genèse des risques dans un environnement aussi particulier qu'est celui des chantiers de bâtiment, nous proposons un modèle dynamique d'appréhension des risques et d'aide à la décision reposant sur la mobilisation de la TNI et de la théorie des représentations sociales. Plus spécifiquement, en considérant les propriétés des risques « émergents » actuels, nous nous interrogeons sur la pertinence des moyens mis en œuvre par l'organisation pour permettre leur intégration. / The major companies of the construction industry wish to integrate the concept of prevention within their organizations by seeking technical and organizational improvements and by implementing coercive or participatory methods whose goal is to deal with the human factor. This industry aims at controlling the risks inherent to the construction sites of which several classifications can be determined. Those classifications have in common their purpose, which is to draw up an exhaustive list from an infinite set according to variable criteria. After analyzing the different factors that influence the genesis of the risks in such a specific environment as the building sites, we propose a dynamic model for risk understanding and decision-making, based on the mobilization of the TNI and the Theory of social representations More specifically, considering the characteristics of the current emerging risks, we wonder about the relevance of the means implemented by the organization towards their integration.

Theoretical background Employment in the health service brings about a number of risks that are specific of respective health facilities and their departments. Nurses should be informed about all possible risks resulting from their nursing practice, as well as about ways to eliminate these risks because this is the only way they can protect themselves and by suitable means and procedures. Performing their work, nurses are exposed to four main areas of risk factors. These concern especially the effects of mental and physical strain, chemicals and biological factors. Objective of my thesis The objective was to test nurses' knowledge of risks and to test how well they can eliminate these risks. Apart from that, the thesis endeavours to find out whether the risks in nurses' work change in relation to the field of care provided. Hypotheses H1 Nurses know the risks resulting from their nursing practice. H2 Risks in nurses' work vary in relation to the field of care. H3 The most common risk occurring in nurses' occupation is the puncture wound caused by a needle. H 4 Nurses are acquainted with manners to eliminate risks resulting from the performance of their occupation. Methodology To test nurses' knowledge, I compiled a questionnaire focused on surveying the knowledge in the field of risks and elimination of these risks. The questionnaire was arranged in two basic groups. The first group was focused on the knowledge of risks and occurring injury in the performance of the occupation (the puncture wound by a needle). The other group was focused on the area of eliminating the risks. The research was carried out in medical facilities in the Region of South Bohemia. Altogether, 417 nurses were addressed. The following sections were chosen in a haphazard fashion: pulmonary, surgical, internal and a neurological departments, department of subsequent care and the intensive care unit. All the results obtained were statistically processed in the Excel programme from the Microsoft Office software packet. I used a graphic depiction to interpret the outcomes. Outcomes It was found out in the first area of the outcomes that nurses are acquainted with the risks of their occupation (knowledge of risk behaviour, when handling loads, when working with chemicals, when handling oxygen cylinders, treating an aggressive client). The second area of the outcomes was essential for establishing the ways to eliminate risks (the nurses proved knowledge of risks and duties, the duty to participate in creating a safe environment , compulsory preventive medical examinations, knowledge of risk behaviour, using personal protective equipment, observing the work principles and procedures, knowledge of treating contaminated laundry, oxygen cylinders and immobile clients, disinfection of hands, treating an aggressive client). The third area yielded an answer to the question whether puncture wounds caused by needles ranked among the most frequent risks in the occupation of the nurse. The last area was essential to establish the variability of risks depending on the field of care provided. It was found out, that risks varied in relation to the field of care provided, while the nurses viewed the mental and physical strain as the most significant risk in the performance of their work. H1 - Nurses know the risks resulting from their nursing practice - was confirmed, H2 - Risks in nurses' work vary in relation to the field of care provided - was confirmed, H3 - The most common risk occurring in nurses' occupation is the puncture wound by a needle - was confirmed, H4 - Nurses know ways to eliminate risks resulting from the performance of their occupation - was confirmed. Conclusion The outcomes of the research realized will be given to the managements of the above medical facilities, with the aim of increasing the nurses' knowledge of possible risks occurring in the performance of their work, as well as possible ways of eliminating these risks.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-04-12Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:29:56Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ranzani_c_me_bauru.pdf: 2094729 bytes, checksum: c210f6a979b7defe9f252348fef04a1c (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Para que as organizações sejam competitivas e aumentem as chances de sobrevivência no mercado competitivo, é necessária a gestão do processo produtivo cada vez mais eficiente. Nesta gestão são utilizados sistemas focados em qualidade, meio ambiente, segurança e saúde no trabalho, entre outros. A integração desses sistemas otimizam recursos, processos e melhoram a imagem da organização, influenciando, assim, a lucratividade. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo formular diretrizes para o planejamento e implementação de sistema de gestão integrada em empresas da construção civil. Para a elaboração deste trabalho, foi adotada a pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória, bibliográfica com a realização de dois estudos de caso sobre os elementos do sistema de gestão integrada de duas construtoras certificadas em ISO 9001, ISO 4001 e OHSAS 18001 fazendo com que o pesquisador, se ambiente ao universo de estudo. Um referencial teórico foi apresentado sobre as características do processo produtivo, sistema de gestão da qualidade, meio ambiente, saúde e segurança no trabalho e integração desses. Conclui-se que, o objetivo traçado, foi devidamente alcançado, pois foram apresentados os elementos do sistema de gestão integrada nas duas construtoras, sendo identificadas as boas práticas e pode-se propor, diretrizes para o planejamento e implamentação do sistema de gestão integrada em empresas da construção civil / To ensure that organizations are competitive and increase the changes of survival in competitive market, it is necessary to management of the productive process ever more efficiently. This management systems are used raised in quality, environment, health and safety at work, among others. The integration of these systems optimize resources, process, and improve the image of the organization, influencing, thus, the profitability. This dissertation has like objetctive, formulate guidelines for the planning and implementation of integrated management system in civil construction companies. For this work was adopted the qualitative research, exploratory, bibliographic with the achievement of two case studies about the elements of the integrated management system of two construction companies certifieds in ISO 9001, ISO 14001, and OHSAS 18001 making the researcher, environment the universe of study. A theoretical reference was presented about the characteristics of the production process, a system of quality management, environment, health and safety at work and integration of these. It concludes that, the outlined objective was duly achieved, because the elements of integrated management system were submitted in the two construction companies, being identified the good practices and could propose, guidelines for the planning and implementation of integrated management system in civil construction companies

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:09:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMSM.pdf: 3636856 bytes, checksum: 4728c6556c4d4a2445aa3f930a42c5b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-12-02 / Concepts, evolution and the importance of safety engineering are presented in this dissertation. The aspects that should be approached in the elaboration of the Conditions and Labor Environment Program for the Construction Industry are also considered, particularly the ones for activities that make falls from height possible. The difficulties of implementation of the program are analyzed, considering the characteristics of the Building Industry. Moreover, a case study carried out in the city of Londrina-PR is presented in order to find out the preventive measures against falls from height by building companies. Standards are presented for aid and parameters of safety design for collective protective equipment which approaches protection types, dimensions for calculations. Preventive measures against falls from height and forms of prevention are also presented. They consist basically in knowing the system and the construction process to be adopted by the company; evaluation of the risky and ergonomic situations in the activities of production in building plot; elaboration of collective preventive systems for the several production phases as well as the postoccupation phase; work training; specification of personal protective equipment for the production phases; documentation and evaluation of the safety system. / Esta dissertação apresenta conceitos, evolução e a importância da engenharia de segurança. São contemplados os aspectos que devem ser abordados na elaboração do Programa de Condições e Meio Ambiente de Trabalho na Indústria da Construção Civil (PCMAT), em específico para atividades com possibilidade de quedas de altura. São analisadas as dificuldades de implantação do programa dadas as características da indústria da construção civil no subsetor edificações. Apresenta-se, ainda, estudo de caso realizado na cidade de Londrina-PR com intuito de verificar as medidas de prevenção empregadas por empresas construtoras. São apresentadas normas para auxílio e parâmetros de projeto de segurança para equipamentos de proteção coletiva, abordando tipos de proteção, e dimensões recomendadas para cálculos. Apresentam-se, também, medidas de prevenção contra quedas de altura e formas de prevenção que consistem basicamente no seguinte: conhecimento do sistema e do processo de construção a serem adotados pela empresa construtora; avaliação das situações de riscos e ergonômicas nas atividades de produção em canteiro; elaboração de projeto de sistemas de prevenção coletivos para as diversas fases de produção assim como para a fase de pós-ocupação; treinamento da mão-de-obra direta e terceirizada; especificação de equipamentos de proteção individual para as etapas de produção; documentação e avaliação do sistema de segurança.

L'évolution de l'environnement du travail, de l'organisation du travail, et des modes de gestion des hommes, introduit de nouvelles pathologies de travail à côté des pathologies traditionnelles dites physiques : il s'agit de pathologies mentales. Ces dernières sont liées à des contraintes organisationnelles ou de marché comparativement aux pathologies traditionnelles rattachées aux conditions physiques et matérielles de la tâche. Dans ce contexte d'émergence de nouvelles formes de mal-être au travail, le concept de souffrance au travail, concept « fantôme » en sciences de gestion, apparaît pertinent car il interroge le fonctionnement organisationnel et le rôle de la gestion des ressources humaines. Cette recherche possède un double objectif : contribuer à une meilleure compréhension de la souffrance au travail par la production d'une définition claire de ce concept, et théoriser le lien entre souffrance et implication au travail en définissant de quelle manière ces construits s'influencent mutuellement. Notre recherche est animée par la question suivante : quelles relations existe-t-il entre souffrance et implication au travail ? Pour y répondre, nous nous appuyons sur la théorie de la conservation des ressources. Les résultats de la recherche montrent que la souffrance au travail naît d'une perte de ressources organisationnelles engendrant une érosion des ressources subjectives permettant à l'individu de se définir, et crée une forme d'implication au travail précise : le sur-engagement. Celui-ci trouve ses origines dans la souffrance au travail elle-même et est orienté par des expériences de travail négatives forçant des sentiments négatifs envers l'organisation. / The evolution of the work environment, work organization, and practices of human ressource management, introduces new pathologies work alongside the traditional pathologies so-called physical pathologies : there are mental pathologies. These are related to organizational or market constraints compared to traditional pathologies related to physical and material task's conditions. In this context of new forms of ill-being at work, the concept of suffering at work, "ghost" concept in management science, appears relevant because it queries the organizational functioning and the role of human resource management. This research has two objectives: contribute to a better understanding of suffering at work in producing a clear definition of this concept, and theorize the link between suffering at work and work commitment in defining how these constructs influence each other. Our research is motivated by the question : what relationship is there between suffering at work and work commitment ? To answer, we rely on conservation of resources theory. The results of this research show that suffering at work arises from a loss of organizational ressources causing an erosion of subjective resources that allow the individual to define himself, and creates a specific form of work commitment : the over-involvement. It is rooted in the suffering at work itself and it is guided by negative experiences of work forcing of negative feelings toward the organization.

The middle manager situation is sometimes squeezed between requirements from different parties at the same time as they are crucial for the development of the organization. Masters, chief engineers and managers in the catering department onboard are middle managers squeezed between the office requirements and the working conditions of their crew. The purpose of this study was to look into the middle managers conditions with focus on the work for good working environment onboard ships in the commercial shipping industry. A study was made consisting of two main parts, first a literature review and secondly focus group interviews. The literature review looked for findings about the middle managers work for occupational health and safety, which were mostly about industries and organisations ashore. These findings were tested in the focus groups in order to find out if they applied also for the commercial shipping industry and if there are any special things to consider there. The focus group members were of both genders, from different management positions and companies within the Swedish commercial shipping industry. So what recommendations can be made in order to improve the middle managers work for a good working environment or occupational health and safety (OHS)? Recommendations are given about competence, staff engagement, policies, shared leadership and administrative workload. Three findings are suggested for further research, shared leadership, administrative workload and client pressure. It is interesting that the type of shared leadership that are found onboard seems to be rather unique for the commercial shipping industry.

In diploma thesis describes structurally technical project of the object A9 of the apartment building Vila Park in Olomouc. The parts of the thesis are technical report of the construction-technological project, assessment of trasnport routes, design of site equipment and design of main machines. The thesis also deals with technological regulation of external thermal insulation composite and his control and test plan. There is also schedule and itemized budget. In the end of the work is safety and healt protection on the construction site and economic deployment evaluation lifting mechanism.

Master's thesis is deals with integrated system. In theoretic part is described quality management system, environmental management system and occupational health and safety management system, main attention paid to quality in supplies. Suggestion of solving consists in proposition of new process purchase - choice of supplier, classification of supplier and index for measuring of process purchase.