Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2016-07-20T18:52:29Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Allan de Oliveira Lira 2016.pdf: 1930083 bytes, checksum: ebe46839cd5ad6f1e4f81683740ad339 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-20T18:52:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Allan de Oliveira Lira 2016.pdf: 1930083 bytes, checksum: ebe46839cd5ad6f1e4f81683740ad339 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-02 / CAPES / O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da atividade física voluntária materna sobre os parâmetros de atividade locomotora da prole. Ratas Wistar realizaram atividade física voluntária (AFV) 30 dias antes (adaptação) e durante a gestação até o 15° dia de lactação. De acordo com o nível de AFV antes da gestação, as ratas foram classificadas em inativas (I) e muito ativas (MA). Houve também um grupo controle (C) que permaneceu em gaiolas padrão de laboratório durante o experimento. Durante todo o experimento, o peso corporal, consumo alimentar e a glicemia de jejum (durante a gestação) foram registrados. Aos 23, 45 e 60 dias, os filhotes machos provenientes de mães dos grupos MA, I e C tiveram livre acesso, por cinco minutos, a um campo aberto de 1m de diâmetro enquanto eram filmados por uma câmera com luz infravermelha. Foram avaliados os parâmetros: distância percorrida (DP, em m), deslocamento rotacional (DR, em m), velocidade média (VM, em m/s), potência média (PM, em mW), energia total (ET, em kcal), tempo de imobilidade (TI, em s), número de parada (NP), relação TI/NP (em s) e tempo de permanência nas áreas (em s) do campo aberto. Ratas MA apresentaram maior peso corporal e consumo alimentar durante a adaptação quando comparadas as ratas C. Filhotes de todos os grupos diminuíram a distância percorrida ao decorrer da idade, com exceção dos filhotes de ratas MA. O deslocamento rotacional foi progressivamente aumentando em todos os grupos com o passar da idade. Aos 60 dias, filhotes de mães MA tiveram maior velocidade média e potência média que os ratos de mães C. A permanência nas áreas periféricas do campo aberto também foi mais pronunciada em filhotes de mães MA. Em conclusão, a atividade física materna possivelmente influencia a atividade locomotora dos filhotes por aumentar a distância percorrida, potência e velocidade média, redução do tempo imóvel e por gastar mais tempo nas áreas periféricas do campo aberto. Esses efeitos são importantes para a aquisição de habilidades motoras durante o desenvolvimento. / The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of maternal voluntary physical activity on locomotor activity parameters of the offspring. Female Wistar rats performed voluntary physical activity (VPA) before and during gestation until the 15th day of lactation. According to the level of VPA before gestation, the rats were classified in Inactive (I) and Very Active (VA). Also, there was a control group (C) that remained on laboratory standard cages throughout the experiment. During the experiment, the body weight, food consumption and glycaemia (during pregnancy) were recorded. At the age of 23, 45 and 60 days, male pups from the mothers of group VA, I and C had free access, during five minutes, to an open field with 1m of diameter while were filmed by a camera with infra-red light. Were evaluated the following parameters: distance traveled (DT, in m), rotational displacement (RD, in m), average speed (AS, in m/s), average potency (AP, in mW), total energy (TE, in kcal), time immobile (TI, in s), number of stops (NS) and relationship between TI/NS. VA mothers showed high body weight and food consumption during adaptation and gestation when compared to control. Pups from all groups showed a reduction in distance travelled throughout ages, except pups from VA dams. Rotational displacement was progressively increased in all groups throughout ages. At 60 d old, pups from VA dams showed a higher average speed and potency than control pups. The permanence in the peripheral area of the open field was more pronounced in the pups from VA dams. In conclusion, maternal physical activity can potentially influences the locomotor activity of offspring by an increased distance travelled and average and potency, reduced time immobile and more time spent in the peripheral area of the open field arena. These effects are important for later motor abilities acquisition throughout ages.

O presente estudo investigou o perfil comportamental de ovinos entre o parto e a primeira mamada dos neonatos e sua influência sobre a sobrevivência e peso ao desmame dos cordeiros. O experimento foi conduzido em uma criação comercial de sistema intensivo, ao longo de três estações de parição, entre junho e novembro de 2006. Foram acompanhadas 216 ovelhas gestantes da raça Santa Inês e os 306 cordeiros nascidos. As observações comportamentais de ovelhas e cordeiros foram realizadas em períodos de 12 horas, através do método direto e em amostragem focal a cada 5 minutos. Para as mães, foram analisadas as variáveis postura (PTM), atividade (ATM) e tempo para tocar a cria (TTC). Os comportamentos avaliados nos cordeiros foram postura (PTC), atividade (ATC), tempo para ficar em pé (TEP) e tempo para mamar (TPM). Foi também estudada a influência do tipo (simples, duplo ou triplo) e duração do parto (TP e DP) sobre a manifestação dos comportamentos materno-filiais e desempenho dos cordeiros. As análises foram conduzidas através do pacote estatístico SAS®. O modelo adotado para avaliar a relação entre as variáveis foi o General Linear Model, através do procedimento GLM. As ovelhas recém-paridas despendem seu tempo principalmente com comportamentos voltados à formação de um vínculo exclusivo com a cria e com cuidados importantes para a sobrevivência imediata do cordeiro. Já os cordeiros, após aptos a se levantarem e se locomoverem, priorizaram a ingestão do colostro. A rapidez das ovelhas em iniciar os cuidados maternais (TTC=1,4863±8,3587 segundos), a baixa ocorrência de comportamentos antagônicos à cria e a agilidade dos cordeiros para se levantar (TEP=20,8797±17,6991 minutos) e mamar (TPM=46,0726±27,7284 minutos) são indícios da adaptação comportamental da raça Santa Inês a condições extensivas de criação. Os cuidados maternais realizados entre o nascimento e a primeira mamada do cordeiro influenciaram em sua agilidade, medida através do tempo para ficar em pé (P<0,01) e para mamar (P<0,01). A atividade da mãe interferiu no peso do cordeiro ao desmame (P<0,05), tendo os que receberam cuidados mais adequados apresentado um melhor desempenho. Sob as condições deste estudo, a agilidade do neonato não interferiu no peso ao desmame. Também não foram verificados efeitos do comportamento materno ou neonatal sobre a sobrevivência dos cordeiros até o desmame. Cordeiros nascidos de partos múltiplos ou longos apresentaram menor agilidade neonatal (P<0,05). O peso ao nascer sofreu forte influência do tipo de parto (P<0,01), sendo maior para filhotes nascidos de partos simples. Da mesma forma, o tipo do parto influenciou também o peso ao desmame dos cordeiros (P<0,01). / The present study investigated sheep maternal-offspring behavior from birth to first suck and its influence on lamb survival and weight at weaning. The experiment was conducted on a commercial intensive system flock, from June to November, 2006. Data were collected on 216 Santa Inês ewes and their 306 newly-born lambs. Focal animal observations were carried out every 5 minutes, in 12-hour periods. For the ewes, the variables analyzed consisted on posture (PTM), activity (ATM) and time to touch the lamb (TTC). The behaviors analyzed for the lambs were posture (PTC), time to stand up (TEP) and time to suck (TPM). The influence of birth type (simple, double or triple) and labor length, litter size and weight at weaning were also considered. The analyses were conducted through the SAS® statistical package. The model adopted to evaluate the relation between variables was the General Linear Model through the GLM procedure. Immediately after parturition, ewes spent their time mostly with behaviors directed to bonding with the neonates. Newly-born lambs, soon after succeeding in standing up and walking, prioritized colostrum ingestion. The short time required to start maternal care (TTC=1.4863±8.3587 seconds), the low incidence of negative behaviors against the lambs and the neonatal agility to stand (TEP=20.8797±17.6991 minutes) and suck (TPM=46.0726±27.7284 minutes) are indicatives of behavioral adaptations to extensive conditions. Maternal behaviors influenced neonatal agility, measured through time to stand (P<0.01) and to suck (P<0.01). Maternal activity influenced lamb weight at weaning (P<0.05), so lambs that received more adequate care were heavier. Under this study conditions, neonatal agility did not interfere on lamb weight at weaning. Effects of maternal and neonatal posture or activity on lamb survival up to weaning were not verified either. Lambs born from multiple or long births showed less neonatal agility (P<0.05). Lamb birth weights were influenced by the litter size, being singles born heavier (P<0.01). Labor conditions also influenced lamb weight at weaning (P<0.01).

Submitted by Rosangela Silva (rosangela.silva3@unioeste.br) on 2018-05-23T13:14:07Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Carolyne Doneda Silva Santos.pdf: 1625405 bytes, checksum: 486002631e134614ec6e7e628e5a4df9 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-23T13:14:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Carolyne Doneda Silva Santos.pdf: 1625405 bytes, checksum: 486002631e134614ec6e7e628e5a4df9 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-14 / We, herein, evaluated whether the exposure of rats to a cafeteria diet pre-and/or post-weaning, alters histological characteristics in the White Adipose Tissue (WAT), Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT), and liver of young adult male offspring. Female Wistar rats were divided into Control (CTL; rats fed on standard rodent chow) and Cafeteria (CAF; fed on cafeteria diet during their entire life). After birth, male offspring only (F1) were divided into four groups (8 pups/dams) and received the CTL or CAF diet during their entire lives: CTL-CTLF1, control offspring born from dams that were fed on control diet; CTL-CAF F1, cafeteria offspring born from dams that were fed on control diet; CAF-CTL F1, control offspring born from dams that were fed on a cafeteria diet; CAF-CAF F1, cafeteria offspring born from dams that were fed on a cafeteria diet. Biometrics, metabolic parameters, and liver, BAT and WAT histology were assessed. Data obtained were integrated using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). PCA showed that maternal CAF diet protects offspring from the deleterious effects provoked by the exposure to an obesogenic diet during adult life, as demonstrated by the absence of alteration in body weight and fat accumulation, but failed to protect BAT and liver, suggesting that the impact of maternal CAF diet is tissue-specific. / O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar se a dieta de cafeteria durante o período pré e pós desmame altera as características histológicas do tecido adiposo branco (TAB), tecido adiposo marron (TAM), e do fígado em filhotes machos adultos. Para isso, ratas Wistarcom 21 dias de vida foram separadas em dois grupos: controle (CTL; ratas alimentadas com ração padrão para roedores) e cafeteria (CAF; ratas alimentadas com dieta de cafeteria durante todo seu período de vida). Aos 70 dias de idade as ratas foram acasaladas e mantiveram o mesmo padrão alimentar durante a gestação e amamentação. Após o nascimento, somente os filhotes machos (F1) foram separados em 4 grupos (8 filhotes/ninhada) e receberam dieta controle (CTL F1) ou dieta cafeteria (CAF F1) ao longo de suas vidas, conforme os seguintes grupos: CTL-CTL F1, filhotes alimentados com dieta controle, nascidos de mães que receberam dieta controle; CTL-CAF F1, filhotes alimentados com dieta cafeteria, nascidos de mães que receberam dieta controle; CAF-CTL F1, filhotes alimentadoscom dieta controle, nascidos de mães que receberam dieta cafeteria; CAF-CAF F1, filhotes alimentados com dieta cafeteria, nascidos de mães que receberam dieta cafeteria. Aos 100 dias de vida os animais foram eutanasiados e os parâmetros biométricos e metabólicos, bem como a histologia do fígado, TAB e TAM foram avaliados. Para avaliação dos dados obtidos foi realizada uma Análise de Componentes Principais, a qual demonstrou que a dieta de cafeteria maternal protegeu os filhotes dos efeitos deletérios provocados pela exposição à dieta obesogênica durante suas vidas, como demonstrada pela ausência de alterações no peso corporal e acúmulo de gordura, porém falhou em proteger o fígado e o TAM, sugerindo que o impacto da dieta de cafeteria maternal é tecido específico.

Background: Maternal mental health during pregnancy and its effects on offspring outcomes have received increased attention as a public health concern. This thesis aimed to examine and evaluate current research into the long term effects of maternal antenatal anxiety on offspring’s psychological development and markers of developmental psychopathology. This thesis also aimed to identify protective factors to parental distress during pregnancy. Self-compassion and adult attachment security have been found to be protective psychological factors for ameliorating stress in general adult samples. Therefore the empirical paper aimed to investigate the effect of these factors during the antenatal period. Method: A systematic literature review of prospective studies examining the effects of maternal antenatal anxiety on child psychopathology and neurodevelopment literature identified 16 relevant prospective studies. The empirical study recruited a general population sample of women and their partners during their second trimester of pregnancy. They completed self-report assessments of self-compassion, adult attachment security, mood and antenatal attachment. Neonatal birth outcome data was collected as follow-up data. Results: The systematic literature review results indicate that maternal antenatal anxiety can be measured and does have a negative impact on offspring development. The results also identified a broad risk phenotype, suggesting that interventions should not necessarily only be targeted at women reaching clinical caseness. The review highlighted a lack of specificity regarding possible psychological mechanisms of the relationship between maternal antenatal anxiety and offspring outcomes. The results of the empirical paper indicated that higher levels of self-compassion and attachment security were related to fewer self-reported symptoms of distress in mothers and their partners. Self-compassion was found to mediate the relationship between attachment security and distress in mothers. Neither antenatal attachment nor neonatal birth outcomes were significantly related to attachment security, self-compassion or levels of distress. Conclusions: The results of the systematic review should broaden public health concern. A need for future research is identified in terms of understanding the process of maternal-foetal programming, protective mediating factors and effective interventions. The role of self-compassion as a protective mediating factor is discussed in relation to identification and treatment of distress during the antenatal period.

Recent studies suggest a possible correlated evolution of wing morphology, wing beat frequency, muscle biochemistry and flight metabolic rate in bees. In order to investigate the degree to which natural selection can act on these traits, an estimation of heritability was required. Commercial and laboratory reared colonies from wild caught queens were used to estimate narrow-sense (h2) and broad-sense (H2) heritability of flight metabolic rate and its associated traits in the bumblebee Bombus impatiens. h2 estimates obtained from parent-offspring regressions were not statistically significant. H2 estimates were significant for morphological traits (body mass and wing morphology) as well as whole-animal traits (flight and resting metabolic rate, wing beat frequency) in both populations. We suggest that queens have a decrease in flight performance as a result of a trade-off between flight and fecundity, explaining the lack of significance in parent-offspring regressions.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2015-07-27T14:59:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Josiane Motta e Motta.pdf: 1112413 bytes, checksum: 56336232aa8fd9a87ed00d49c5689dd5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-27T14:59:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Josiane Motta e Motta.pdf: 1112413 bytes, checksum: 56336232aa8fd9a87ed00d49c5689dd5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-01-13 / The scientific literature confirms that metabolic, autonomic and anthropometric changes are commonly present in patients with arterial hypertension (AH). Offspring of hypertensive parents show since childhood some metabolic and autonomic changes, like glucose intolerance, increased lipid and catecholamines levels and a higher blood pressure than offspring of normotensive parents. Few studies have evaluated the heart rate variability in sons of hypertensive parents.Objective. The aim of this prospective randomized study was to assess anthropometric, hemodynamic and metabolic changes as well as changes in sympathetic-vagal imbalances after carbohydrate overload in offspring of hypertensive parents. Methods. In phase one, 200 volunteers were prospectively evaluated. Their hemodynamic variables were probed with HDI (Hypertension Diagnosis Incorporation, CR2000, Eagan, USA), a stress analysis was done through social readjustment scale of Holmes-Rahe and anthropometric assessment included measurement of cervical and abdominal circumferences, evaluation of lean and fat body mass and metabolic rate through bioimpedance. Part of the group as submitted to a carbohydrates overload to evaluate the autonomic imbalance. Results. Data did not meet statistical differences in lean and fat mass as well as in neck circumference and stress evaluation for offspring of hypertensive parents and the control group. However, offspring of hypertensive parents showed higher (p<0.05) casual systolic anddiastolic pressure, abdominal circumference, body mass index pulse pressure, and basal metabolic rate. For the younger cohort, we found a positive correlation between neck circumference and pulse pressure, basal metabolic rate, uric acid, and triglycerides, as well as a negative correlation between neck circumference and HDL- cholesterol. Those correlations were stronger for neck circumference than for waist circumference. In offspring of hypertensive parents we found higher blood pressure, pulse pressure, abdominal circumference, body mass index, and an increase in sympathetic-vagal imbalance after carbohydrate overload. / A literatura confirma que alterações antropométricas, metabólicas e autonômicas com freqüência estão presentes nos portadores de hipertensão arterial. Filhos de hipertensos já apresentam desde a infância alterações como intolerância à glicose, aumento dos níveis de lípides, de catecolaminas e níveis pressóricos mais altos comparados aos filhos de normotensos. O objetivo deste trabalho prospectivo caso controle foi avaliar alterações hemodinâmicas, antropométricas, metabólicas e do balanço simpato-vagal em filhos de hipertensos em condições basais e após sobrecarga de carboidratos. Métodos: Na primeira fase do estudo foram investigados prospectivamente 200 voluntários em relação ao estresse psicossocial (escala de reajustamento social de Holmes-Rahe), dados antropométricos (medidas das circunferências abdominal e cervical, índice de massa corpórea) percentual de gordura corpórea, massa magra e a taxa metabólica com a bioimpedância. As variáveis hemodinâmicas foram avaliadas de forma não invasiva com o H.D.I. (Hypertension DiagnosisIncorporation, CR2000, Eagan, USA). Não se encontrou diferenças estatísticas na massa magra, massa gorda, circunferência cervical e na avaliação de estresse entre os grupos. Em uma segunda fase um subgrupo foi submetido à sobrecarga de carboidratos e foi avaliado o balanço autonômico após a sobrecarga. Os filhos de hipertensos têm maior (p<0,05) pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica de consultório, pressão de pulso(PP),taxa metabólica basal (TMB), circunferência abdominal e índice de massa corpórea. Para a população com idade média de 28 anos investigada encontrou-se correlação positiva entre circunferência cervical e valores de PP, TMB, ácido úrico, triglicerídios e correlação negativa com fração HDL-colesterol. As correlações da circunferência cervical com PP, triglicérides, HDL-colesterol, ácido úrico e TMB foram melhores do que com a circunferência abdominal. Após sobrecarga de carboidratos houve aumento do componente LF, redução do componente HF e aumento da relação LF/HF no grupo HF+ em relação ao grupo HF-. Os filhos de hipertensos, comparados com filhos de normotensos tem maior pressão arterial, índice de massa corpórea, taxa metabólica basal, circunferência de cintura e apresentaram maior resposta simpática (componente LF) após sobrecarga de carboidratos.

The general aim of this thesis was to optimise the current methodologies of oocyte cryopreservation in order to obtain live offspring from cryopreserved rabbit oocytes. In chapter 1, meiotic spindle configuration, cortical granules (CGs) distribution and oocyte developmental competence were evaluated after cryopreservation with the current slow-freezing and vitrification procedures. The meiotic spindle organisation was dramatically impaired regardless of the method used. Nevertheless, altered CG distribution is more evident in vitrified oocytes than in slow-frozen ones and the developmental rate to blastocyst stage after parthenogenetic activation was only obtained using slow-freezing method. From this chapter it may be concluded that both methodologies equally affect oocyte structure. However, slow-freezing method seems to be the recommended option for this species as a consequence of the sensitivity to high levels of cryoprotectants in this species. The aim of the following two chapters was the optimisation of cryopreservation procedures using different strategies to modify the oocytes in order to make them more cryoresistant. In chapter 2, Taxol and Cytochalasin B were employed to stabilise the cytoskeleton system during vitrification. The effect of these two molecules on the meiotic spindle and chromosome configuration and development to blastocyst stage after parthenogenesis activation were also evaluated. There were no significant differences in the structural configuration between vitrified groups. Regarding cleavage and blastocyst developmental rate, no statistical differences were found between vitrified-non-treated and Taxol-treated oocytes, but no oocytes treated with Cytochalasin B reached this stage. Therefore, structural configuration and blastocyst development were not improved by this pre-treatment. Moreover, Cytochalasin B pre-treatment seems to cause a deleterious effect on developmental ability to blastocyst stage of these oocytes. In chapter 3, oocytes were incubated with cholesterol-loaded methyl-ß- cyclodextrin (CLC) to increase the membrane fluidity and stability and improve their developmental ability after parthenogenetic activation or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Cholesterol incorporation and its presence after cryopreservation were evaluated using confocal microscopy. Results showed that cholesterol was incorporated into the oocyte and remained, albeit in a lesser amount after cryopreservation procedures. However, no improvements on developmental competence were obtained after parthenogenetic activation or intracytoplasmic sperm injection. In the last three chapters of this thesis, the main objective was to develop a reliable technique which would allow us to obtain live offspring from cryopreserved oocytes. For that purpose, in vivo fertilisation using intraoviductal oocyte transfer assisted by laparoscopy was considered a good alternative to bypass the inadequacy of conventional in vitro fertilisation in rabbit. In chapter 4, two recipient models (ovariectomised or oviduct ligated immediately after transfer) were used to compare the ability of fresh oocytes to fertilise in vivo. This first work showed that embryo recovery rates in all transferred groups decreased significantly, but ligated oviduct recipients provided significantly higher results compared to ovariectomised ones. For that reason, in the second experiment the ligated oviduct recipient model was used to generate live births. Results obtained in this chapter suggested that it was possible to obtain offspring from cryopreserved oocytes using this technique, but this kind of animal models compromised the use of the reproductive tract in a high percentage of females. For that reason, chapter 5 was focused on the development of another type of animal model as an alternative. First, the ability of cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive to block the oviducts before the ovulation would take place was evaluated. Then, in vivo fertilisation ability of fresh transferred oocytes after blocking the oviduct with the adhesive was also assessed. Finally, slow frozen oocytes were transferred to generate live birth. Results showed that cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive was effective in blocking the oviduct, as no embryos were recovered in the blocked oviduct six days after artificial insemination (AI). Moreover, this method could fertilise fresh and also slowfrozen oocytes with a higher live birth rate than the previous recipient models. This study showed that successful production of live offspring using slow-frozen oocytes in combination with in vivo fertilisation was possible, which suggested that in vivo environment could help improve the results of oocyte cryopreservation. Thus, this method was employed in the last chapter of this thesis to generate live offspring from vitrified rabbit oocytes for the first time. Results obtained revealed that there were no differences in the rate of birth between vitrified and slow-frozen transferred oocytes. Nevertheless, based on the results with fresh oocytes, further experiments are still needed if the efficiency of cryopreservation procedures are to be improved. / Jiménez Trigos, ME. (2014). Generation of offspring from cryopreserved rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) oocytes [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/37977 / TESIS

Abstract: Prior research indicates a growing number of Children of Alcoholics (CoAs) in Sweden, and increased levels of externalizing behaviours in these individuals. According to international research, externalizing behaviours as criminality are more often displayed in CoAs than children with non-alcoholic parents. CoAs are also more often treated for panic attacks, depression and post-traumatic stress. The assumption is that high risk parents often have high risk children. With the aim to investigate the relationship between parental alcoholism and youth criminality in Sweden a systematic literature review has been conducted. Five databases were used to find relevant publications; Libsearch, Swesub, Eric via Ebsco, ProQuest and Google Scholar. A total of 530 texts were scanned and 17 studies eligible to inclusion were read and analysed according to PRISMA, a preferred reporting system of literature reviews. Inclusion criterions were; Sweden as geographical area, attention on children and young adults aged 13-25 years and a focus on parental drinking and youth criminality. The publications were also to be peer reviewed and published between 1998 and 2018. Results indicate a significant correlation between parental drinking and youth criminality in Sweden. CoAs display externalizing behaviours as aggression, conduct disorders, antisocial behaviour and criminality more often than children without alcoholic parents. It can be concluded that research on the field of CoAs is not the most researched in Sweden but in line with international findings and would benefit from further attention so we in the future can work with preventive measures based on solid knowledge.

Communication styles used during divorce-related conversations may negatively influence the quality of parent-child relationships. Researchers have not examined how communication styles used in divorce-related communications affect parent-offspring relationships in same-sex parented families. The purpose of this generic qualitative study was to examine offspring perceptions of how divorce-related communication styles affected relationships between the children and their same-sex parents. The research question for this study addressed how the perceived communication styles of same-sex parents in divorce-related conversations influence the parent-offspring relationship. Principles from communication privacy management theory provided the conceptual framework. Two 21-year-old females whose same-sex parents dissolved their relationships participated in the study. Data were collected using semistructured interviews and a demographic questionnaire. Thematic content analysis was used to analyze the data. Findings indicated that same-sex parent-child relationships were negatively impacted when same-sex parents were ambiguous in their communication or triangulated their children by forcing them to send negative messages between their parents. Findings also indicated that same-sex parent-offspring relationships were positively impacted when same-sex parents effectively communicated with their offspring during divorce-related conversations. Findings may provide information to professionals and same-sex parents regarding the importance of communicating effectively with their offspring during divorce-related conversations.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第20557号 / 理博第4315号 / 新制||理||1620(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科生物科学専攻 / (主査)教授 友永 雅己, 准教授 後藤 幸織, 教授 平井 啓久 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM