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Inledning: Denna studie handlar om äldres körförmåga och de faktorer som påverkar den utifrån teori om utförandekapacitet (Kielhofner & Taylor, 2017). Eftersom äldre påverkas negativa på flera sätt när de inte längre kan köra bil bör det vara en prioritet för arbetsterapeuter att hitta sätt att främja aktiviteten om möjligt. Syfte: Att beskriva äldres erfarenheter av faktorer som påverkar deras körförmåga. Metod: En kvalitativ design med fokusgruppintervjuer. Informanter rekryterade genom bekvämlighetsurval. Inklusionskriterier var en ålder från 70 samt att de körde bil minst två gånger i veckan. Två fokusgrupper med fem deltagare vardera genomfördes. Materialet analyserades med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Informanternas upplevelser resulterade i fyra huvudkategorier: Aktsam körning med underkategori Vanor, Framförhållning, Trafikmiljö som stödjer och stör; Konsekvenser av naturligt åldrande med underkategorier Synförändringar, Trötthet; Bilen en vän eller fiende med underkategorin GPS som stöd. Slutsatser: Det som framkommit kan bidra till utvecklandet av strategier som möjliggör aktiviteten. Det kan även hjälpa vårdpersonal att bättre förstå äldres körförmåga och föra pedagogiska samtal med äldre vars körförmåga är tveksam. Ytterligare forskning krävs för att undersöka relevans och säkerhet inom kategorierna. / Introduction: This study concerns older adults driving abilities and the factors that affect this ability from an occupational therapy view of performance capacity (Kielhofner & Taylor, 2017). Sense driving cessation affect older adult in many negative ways it should be a priority of occupational therapists to find ways to promote the activity if possible. Aim: To describing older adult experiences about factor that effect their driving ability. Method: A qualitative design using focus group interviews recruited by convenience selection. Inclusion criteria from an age of 70, driving at least two times a week. Two groups of five each where interviewed. The material was analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Informants experiences resulted in four main categories: Careful driving with subcategory Habits, Forward attitude, Traffic environment that supports and interferes; Consequences of natural aging with subcategories Vision changes, Tiredness; The car a friend or foe with subcategory GPS as support. Conclusions: Further research is required to investigate relevance, and safety in the categories. Nevertheless, the result can contribute to the development of strategies that enable the activity. It can also help healthcare workers better understand older adults driving ability and discuss the subject with them.

<p>Human vision has an incredible ability to translate light reaching the retinae into a coherent, three-dimensional representation of the outside world in a fraction of a second. Much research has been devoted to understanding how local orientation information is integrated to form global contours and shapes -– a crucial step in visual processing. This dissertation describes experiments examining how contour and shape perception are affected in healthy aging.</p> <p>Chapter 2 examined contour grouping at low contrast and in the absence of distracters. Unlike younger subjects, older subjects did not benefit from co-alignment of local orientations with the contour’s outline, suggesting that grouping by orientation co-alignment is impaired in older age in low contrast. Chapters 3 and 4 examined the effects of aging on the ability to detect and discriminate high-contrast contours embedded in a dense field of distracters, as real life situations often require detecting objects among clutter, such as a snake hiding among tall grass. Results showed that older adults require significantly more time to discriminate contours in clutter, especially for less salient contours. Moreover, increasing the relative density of background clutter had a greater detrimental effect on older, compared to younger, subjects. However, aging did not seem to affect the ability to group contours across a range of spatial distances, or the sensitivity of contour integration to orientation misalignment. Lastly, Chapter 5 examined the influence of local orientation information on the perception of a contour's shape. Results revealed that older and younger subjects perceived the shape of a sampled contour in the same way, even when the contour's orientation and position information were in conflict. These findings indicated that the integration of orientation and position information in shape perception does not change with age.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)